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604 lines
12 KiB
Java
604 lines
12 KiB
Java
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# Leetcode常用函数
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## 链表篇
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一些节点,除了最后一个节点以外的每一个节点都存储着下一个节点的地址,依据这种方法依次连接, 构成一个链式结构。
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### ListNode
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```java
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ListNode list=new ListNode(0)
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```
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初始化一个值为0的空节点,提倡的写法
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### HashSet
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HashSet 基于 HashMap 来实现的,是一个不允许有重复元素的集合但是允许有null值,HashSet 是无序的,即不会记录插入的顺序。HashSet 不是线程安全的, 如果多个线程尝试同时修改 HashSet,则最终结果是不确定的。 您必须在多线程访问时显式同步对 HashSet 的并发访问。
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```java
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HashSet<String> sites = new HashSet<String>();
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```
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#### add()
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往HashSet里添加元素
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```
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sites.add("我是袁厨,大家快快关注我吧");
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```
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#### size()
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#### remove()
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remover()size()也是会用到的函数,具体用法和ArrayList一样
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#### contains()
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判断元素是否存在
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```
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System.out.println(sites.contains("我是袁厨,大家快快关注我吧"));
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```
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> 输出:true;
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## 数组篇
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### length
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该函数是用来得到数组长度的函数,这里需要注意的是length后面没有括号
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### sort()
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该函数用于给数组进行排序,这两个函数用的比较多
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### Arrays.fill()
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用于填充数组
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一共有四个参数,分别是数组,开始索引,结束索引,填充数值。
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```
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Arrays.fill(nums, 0, 2, 0);
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for(int x:nums){
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System.out.println(x);
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}
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```
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> 输出:0,0
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### Arrays.sort()
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给数组排序,也可以做到部分排序 ,在括号中添加索引即可
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```
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int[] array = {1,6,3,4};
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Arrays.sort(array);
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return array;
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```
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> array : 1,3,4,6;
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### Arrays.copyOfRange()
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将一个原始的数组,从下标0开始复制,复制到上标2,生成一个新的数组
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```
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int[] array = {1,2,3,4};
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int[] ar= Arrays.copyOfRange(intersection, 0, 2);
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return ar;
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```
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> array2: 1 , 2 ;
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### System.arraycopy();
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```java
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System.arraycopy(targetnums,beganindex, newnums, newindex, length);
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```
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targetnums:目标数组,想要复制的数组
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beganindex:目标数组开始索引
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newsnums:复制到的新数组
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newindex:开始索引
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length:想要复制的长度
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```java
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int[] array = {1,2,3,4};
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int[] newarray = new int[2];
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System.arraycopy(array,0,newarray,0,2);
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for(int x : newarray){
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System.out.println(x)
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}
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```
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> 输出:1,2
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### 逻辑运算符
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#### x | 0
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得到的仍然是他本身
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例:1001|0000=1001;或运算代表的是如果两位其中有一个1则返回1,否则为0;
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```java
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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int x =10 ;
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System.out.println(x|0);
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}
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```
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> 输出:10
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#### x & 0
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无论任何数都会输出0,这个也很好理解。
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例:1001&0000=0000;两位都为1才能返回1
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```
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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int x =10 ;
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System.out.println(x&0);
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}
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```
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> 输出:0
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#### x ^ 0
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得到的还是他本身,这个也很好理解,异或的含义就是如果相同输出0,如果不同输出1
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例:0111^0000=0111第一位相同,其余位不同
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```java
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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int x =-10 ;
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System.out.println(x^0);
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}
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```
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> 输出:-10
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#### x | 1
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如果是奇数的话,还是它本身,偶数的话则加1;
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```java
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int x =-9 ;
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int y = -10;
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System.out.println(x|1);
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System.out.println(y|1);
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```
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> 输出:-9,-9
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#### x ^ 1
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如果是偶数则加1,如果是奇数则减1;
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```java
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int x =-9 ;
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int y = -10;
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System.out.println(x^1);
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System.out.println(y^1);
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```
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> 输出:-10,-9
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#### x & 1
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得出最后一位是0还是1,通常会用来判断奇偶
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```java
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int x =-9 ;
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int y = -10;
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System.out.println(x&1);
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System.out.println(y&1);
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```
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> 输出:1,0
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#### 1<<3
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代表的含义是将1左移3位,即0001 ---->1000则为2^3为8
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```java
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System.out.println(1<<3);
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```
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> 输出:8
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#### HashMap
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创建一个HashMap,两种数据类型
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```
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HashMap<Integer,Integer> map = new HashMap<Integer,Integer>();
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```
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往hashmap里面插入数据
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```
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for (int num : arr){
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map.put(num, map.getOrDefault(num, 0) + 1);//如果没有则添加,如果有则加1
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}
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```
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遍历Hashmap,查询值为k的元素
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```
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for (int k : hashmap.keySet())
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if (hashmap.get(k) == 1) return k;
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```
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遍历 HashSet
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```
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set.iterator().next();//迭代器
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```
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## 树篇
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### ArrayList<List<对象类型>>
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```java
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List<List<Integer>> arr = new ArrayList<List<Integer>>();
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```
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用来创建二维的动态数组,层次遍历用到这个。
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### ArrayList
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```java
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List<Integer> array = new ArrayList<>();
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```
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ArrayList 类是一个可以动态修改的数组,与普通数组的区别就是它是没有固定大小的限制,我们可以添加或删除元素。<>代表的数组类型
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#### add()元素,括号内为需要添加的元素
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```java
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public class Test {
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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List<String> array = new ArrayList<>();
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array.add("大家好我是袁厨");
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System.out.println(array);
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}
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}
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```
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> 输出:大家好我是袁厨
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#### get()
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get()函数用于获取动态数组的元素,括号内为索引值
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```java
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public class Test {
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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List<String> array = new ArrayList<>();
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array.add("大家好我是袁厨");
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System.out.println(array.get(0));//获取第一个元素
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}
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}
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```
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> 输出:大家好我是袁厨
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#### set()
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set()用于修改元素,括号内为索引值
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```
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public class Test {
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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List<String> array = new ArrayList<>();
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array.add("大家好我是袁厨");
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array.set(0,"祝大家天天开心")
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System.out.println(array.get(0));//获取第一个元素
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}
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}
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```
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> 输出:祝大家天天开心
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#### remove()
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用来删除数组内的元素
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```
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public class Test {
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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List<String> array = new ArrayList<>();
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array.add("大家好我是袁厨");
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array.add("祝大家天天开心");
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array.remove(0);
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System.out.println(array);//获取第一个元素
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}
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}
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```
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> 输出:祝大家天天开心
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#### isEmpty()
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isEmpty()函数判断是否为空,这个函数用到的地方很多,队列和栈的时候总会用。总是会在while循环中使用
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while(!queue.isEmpty()){
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//用来判断队列是否为空的情况
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}
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```
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public class Test {
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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List<String> array = new ArrayList<>();
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array.add("大家好我是袁厨");
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array.add("祝大家天天开心");
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array.remove(0);
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System.out.println(array.isEmpty());//获取第一个元素
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}
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}
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```
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输出:false
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#### clear()
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该函数用来清空动态数组
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```
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ArrayList<String> sites = new ArrayList<>();
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sites.add("袁厨不帅");
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sites.add("袁厨不帅");
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sites.add("袁厨不帅");
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System.out.println(sites);
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// 删除所有元素
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sites.clear();
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System.out.println(sites);
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```
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> ```
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> 删除前:[袁厨不帅,袁厨不帅,袁厨不帅]删除后:[]
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> ```
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#### sort()
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该函数用来给动态数组排序,这个有时也会用到。
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```
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public class leetcode {
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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int[] arr = {4,5,1,3,6};
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Arrays.sort(arr);
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for(int x : arr){
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System.out.println(x);
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}
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}
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}
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```
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> 输出:1,3,4,5,6
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## 字符串篇
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### StringBuffer
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StringBuilder 类在 Java 5 中被提出,它和 StringBuffer 之间的最大不同在于 StringBuilder 的方法不是线程安全的(不能同步访问)。由于 StringBuilder 相较于 StringBuffer 有速度优势,所以多数情况下建议使用 StringBuilder 类。然而在应用程序要求线程安全的情况下,则必须使用 StringBuffer 类。
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```Java
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public class Test{
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public static void main(String args[]){
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StringBuffer sBuffer = new StringBuffer("我的");
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sBuffer.append("名字");
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sBuffer.append("是");
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sBuffer.append("袁厨");
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sBuffer.append("大家点个关注吧");
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System.out.println(sBuffer);
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}
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}
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```
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> 输出:我的名字是袁厨大家点个关注吧
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String中的字符串是不允许修改的,这个StringBuffer可以进行修改,做字符串的题目时会经常用到,树的题目中也偶尔会遇到
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### charAt(i)
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charAt() 方法用于返回指定索引处的字符。索引范围为从 0 到 length() - 1。
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```java
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public class Test {
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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String s = "大家好我是袁厨,点个关注哦";
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char result = s.charAt(6);
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System.out.println(result);
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}
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}
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```
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> 输出:厨
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这个函数的用法,就跟我们根据数组的索引输出值一样。在字符串题目中也比较常用。
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### s.charAt(index)-'0'
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这个函数的用途是将字符串索引值变成int型。知道这个可以大大提高刷题效率。大家可以掌握一下。
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```java
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|||
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public class Test {
|
|||
|
public static String getType(Object test) {
|
|||
|
return test.getClass().getName();
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
public static void main(String[] args) {
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
String s = "祝大家永不脱发,点个关注哦";
|
|||
|
System.out.println(getType(s.charAt(6)-'0'));
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
> 输出:java.lang.Integer
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
### Integer.toString()
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
该函数用于将int型变为string型,比如这个**第9题求回文数**的题目,我们就是先将x变为字符串,然后再遍历字符串
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
```java
|
|||
|
class Solution {
|
|||
|
public boolean isPalindrome(int x) {
|
|||
|
if(x<0){
|
|||
|
return false;
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
//将int型变成string型,然后遍历字符串,不再需要使用额外数组进行存储
|
|||
|
String t = Integer.toString(x);
|
|||
|
int i = 0;
|
|||
|
int j = t.length()-1;
|
|||
|
//双指针遍历
|
|||
|
while(i<j){
|
|||
|
if(t.charAt(i)!=t.charAt(j)){
|
|||
|
return false;
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
else{
|
|||
|
i++;
|
|||
|
j--;
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
return true;
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
### substring()
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
substring() 方法返回字符串的子字符串
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
```java
|
|||
|
public String substring(int beginIndex);
|
|||
|
public String substring(int beginIndex, int endIndex);
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
表示两种情况,一种是从beginIndex到结尾,一种是从beginIndex ->endIndex;
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
String Str = new String("程序员爱做饭");
|
|||
|
System.out.println(Str.substring(3) );
|
|||
|
System.out.println(Str.substring(4, 5) );
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
> 输出:爱做饭,做
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
### equals()
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
equals() 方法用于判断 Number 对象与方法的参数和类型是否相等。
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
public static void main(String args[]){
|
|||
|
Integer x = 5;
|
|||
|
Integer y = 10;
|
|||
|
Integer z =5;
|
|||
|
Short a = 5;
|
|||
|
System.out.println(x.equals(y));
|
|||
|
System.out.println(x.equals(z));
|
|||
|
System.out.println(x.equals(a));
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
> 输出:false,true,false
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
### toCharArray()
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
```java
|
|||
|
String num = "12345";
|
|||
|
char[] s = num.toCharArray();//将字符串变为char数组
|
|||
|
System.out.println(s);
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
> 输出:12345
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
### char数组变为String
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
```java
|
|||
|
String newstr = new String (arr2,start,end);
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
### indexOf
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
- **int indexOf(String str):** 返回指定字符在字符串中第一次出现处的索引,如果此字符串中没有这样的字符,则返回 -1。
|
|||
|
- **int indexOf(String str, int fromIndex):** 返回从 fromIndex 位置开始查找指定字符在字符串中第一次出现处的索引,如果此字符串中没有这样的字符,则返回 -1
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
String s = "LkLLAAAOOO";
|
|||
|
return s.indexOf("LLL");
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
> 返回-1
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
## 栈(Stack)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
#### 创建栈
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
Stack<TreeNode> stack = new Stack<TreeNode>();//创建栈
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
上面的是创建新栈,栈的变量类型为TreeNode,我们用深度优先遍历树来举例
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
#### push()
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
把项压入栈顶部
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
stack.push(root);//将根节点入栈
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
#### pop()
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
移除堆栈顶部的对象,并作为此函数的值返回该对象。
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
```java
|
|||
|
TreeNode temp = stack.pop();//将栈顶元素出栈,赋值TreeNode变量temp
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
peek()
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
查看栈顶元素但是不移除它
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
```java
|
|||
|
stack.push(root);
|
|||
|
TreeNode temp2 = stack.peek();
|
|||
|
System.out.println(temp2.val);
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
#### 出栈操作
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
StringBuilder str = new StringBuilder();
|
|||
|
//遍历栈
|
|||
|
while(!stack.isEmpty()){
|
|||
|
str.append(stack.pop());
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
//反转并变为字符串
|
|||
|
return str.reverse().toString();
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
|