2021-07-23 15:44:19 +00:00
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> 如果阅读时,发现错误,或者动画不可以显示的问题可以添加我微信好友 **[tan45du_one](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tan45du/tan45du.github.io/master/个人微信.15egrcgqd94w.jpg)** ,备注 github + 题目 + 问题 向我反馈
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2021-03-20 08:57:12 +00:00
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>
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> 感谢支持,该仓库会一直维护,希望对各位有一丢丢帮助。
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>
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2021-07-23 15:44:19 +00:00
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> 另外希望手机阅读的同学可以来我的 <u>[**公众号:袁厨的算法小屋**](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tan45du/test/master/微信图片_20210320152235.2pthdebvh1c0.png)</u> 两个平台同步,想要和题友一起刷题,互相监督的同学,可以在我的小屋点击<u>[**刷题小队**](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tan45du/test/master/微信图片_20210320152235.2pthdebvh1c0.png)</u>进入。
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2021-03-20 08:57:12 +00:00
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#### [面试题 02.05. 链表求和](https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/sum-lists-lcci/)
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2021-03-19 07:07:33 +00:00
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2021-07-23 15:44:19 +00:00
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之前我们一起做了链表中的几个经典题型,找到倒数第 k 个节点,找链表中点,判断链表中环的起点,合并链表,反转链表,删除链表中重复值。这些是链表中的经典问题,面试中也经常会考的问题,然后下面我们继续做一道链表题目,也是面试中经常会考的题目,链表求和问题。
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2021-03-19 07:07:33 +00:00
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另外有一些小伙伴说,虽然一天一道题不算多,但是每天读题,做题加消化稍微有点跟不上,所以我打算每个周的工作日进行更新题目,到周末的时候对本周的题目进行总结,然后为大家再写一些别的东西。下面我们一起来看一下今天的题目吧。
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> 为保证严谨性,所有文章中的代码都在网站进行验证,大家可以放心食用。
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题目描述:
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给定两个用链表表示的整数,每个节点包含一个数位。
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这些数位是反向存放的,也就是个位排在链表首部。
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2021-07-23 15:44:19 +00:00
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编写函数对这两个整数求和,并用链表形式返回结果。
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2021-03-19 07:07:33 +00:00
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2021-07-23 15:44:19 +00:00
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示例 1:
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2021-03-19 07:07:33 +00:00
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```java
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2021-07-15 16:06:52 +00:00
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输入:(7 -> 1 -> 6) + (5 -> 9 -> 2),即 617 + 295
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输出:2 -> 1 -> 9,即 912
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2021-03-19 07:07:33 +00:00
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```
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2021-07-23 15:44:19 +00:00
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示例 2:
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2021-03-19 07:07:33 +00:00
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```java
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2021-07-15 16:06:52 +00:00
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输入:(9 -> 9) + (9 -> 9),即 99 + 99
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输出:8 -> 9 -> 1
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2021-03-19 07:07:33 +00:00
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```
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2021-07-23 15:44:19 +00:00
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示例 3:
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2021-03-19 07:07:33 +00:00
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```java
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2021-07-15 16:06:52 +00:00
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输入:(5) + (5),即 5 + 5
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输出:0 -> 1
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2021-03-19 07:07:33 +00:00
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```
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**题目解析:**
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这个题目很容易理解,就是将链表数值进行求和,刚开始做题的同学可能会有这种思路,这个题目我们分别遍历两个链表得到他们的数,然后进行相加,再放到新的链表中,但是这样是行不通的,
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因为我们需要考虑溢出的情况,java 中 int 型的范围为 -2147483648 到 +2147483648,即 -2^31 到 2^31。
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所以链表比较长的话进行求和就会溢出,所以我们不能提取过之后再进行相加,
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我们应该对链表的每一位进行相加,然后通过链表的和,判断是否需要像下一位进行传递,
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2021-07-23 15:44:19 +00:00
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就好比小时候我们用竖式进行加法一样,判断两位相加是否大于 10,大于 10 则进 1。
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2021-03-19 07:07:33 +00:00
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了解了思路,但是想完全实现代码也不是特别容易,这里需要注意的三个点就是,
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2021-07-13 05:08:47 +00:00
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1. 我们需要根据两个链表的长度,不断对新链表添加节点。
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2021-03-19 07:07:33 +00:00
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2021-07-13 05:08:47 +00:00
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2. 需要创建一个变量用来保存进位值。
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2021-03-19 07:07:33 +00:00
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2021-07-23 15:44:19 +00:00
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3. 当跳出循环之后,需要根据进位值来判断需不需要再对链表长度加 1。
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2021-03-19 07:07:33 +00:00
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这三条可以结合代码理解进行。
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2021-07-23 15:44:19 +00:00
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注:进位值只能是 0 或 1,因为每一位最大为 9,9+9=18;
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2021-03-19 07:07:33 +00:00
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![链表求和](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/tan45du/photobed@master/photo/链表求和.1yh4ymdee3k0.gif)
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2021-07-23 15:44:19 +00:00
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注:这里需要注意得时,链表遍历结束,我们应该跳出循环,但是我们的 nlist 仍在尾部添加了 1 节点,那是因为跳出循环时,summod 值为 1,所以我们需要在尾部再添加一个节点。
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2021-04-28 10:28:00 +00:00
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**题目代码**
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Java Code:
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2021-03-19 07:07:33 +00:00
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```java
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class Solution {
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public ListNode addTwoNumbers(ListNode l1, ListNode l2) {
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2021-07-13 05:08:47 +00:00
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//待会儿要返回的链表
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2021-07-15 16:06:52 +00:00
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ListNode nList = new ListNode(-1);//哑节点
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2021-03-19 07:07:33 +00:00
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ListNode tempnode = nList;
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//用来保存进位值,初始化为0
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int summod = 0;
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while(l1 != null || l2 != null) {
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//如果l1的链表为空则l1num为0,若是不为空,则为链表的节点值
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//判断是否为空,为空就设为0
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int l1num = l1 == null ? 0 : l1.val;
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int l2num = l2 == null ? 0 : l2.val;
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//将链表的值和进位值相加,得到为返回链表的值
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int sum = l1num+l2num+summod;
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//更新进位值,例18/10=1,9/10=0
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summod = sum/10;
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2021-07-15 16:06:52 +00:00
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//新节点保存的值,18%8=2,则添加2
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2021-07-23 15:44:19 +00:00
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sum = sum%10;
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2021-03-19 07:07:33 +00:00
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//添加节点
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tempnode.next = new ListNode(sum);
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//移动指针
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tempnode = tempnode.next;
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if (l1 != null) {
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l1 = l1.next;
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}
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if (l2 != null) {
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l2 = l2.next;
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2021-07-23 15:44:19 +00:00
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}
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2021-03-19 07:07:33 +00:00
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}
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//最后根据进位值判断需不需要继续添加节点
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2021-07-13 05:08:47 +00:00
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if (summod != 0) {
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2021-03-19 07:07:33 +00:00
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tempnode.next = new ListNode(summod);
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}
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2021-07-15 16:06:52 +00:00
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return nList.next;//去除哑节点
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2021-03-19 07:07:33 +00:00
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}
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}
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```
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2021-04-28 10:28:00 +00:00
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C++ Code:
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```cpp
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class Solution {
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public:
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ListNode* addTwoNumbers(ListNode* l1, ListNode* l2) {
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2021-07-13 05:08:47 +00:00
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//待会儿要返回的链表
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2021-07-15 16:06:52 +00:00
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ListNode * nList = new ListNode(-1);//哑节点
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2021-04-28 10:28:00 +00:00
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ListNode * tempnode = nList;
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//用来保存进位值,初始化为0
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int summod = 0;
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while(l1 != nullptr || l2 != nullptr) {
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//如果l1的链表为空则l1num为0,若是不为空,则为链表的节点值
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//判断是否为空,为空就设为0
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int l1num = l1 == nullptr ? 0 : l1->val;
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int l2num = l2 == nullptr ? 0 : l2->val;
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//将链表的值和进位值相加,得到为返回链表的值
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int sum = l1num + l2num + summod;
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//更新进位值,例18/10=1,9/10=0
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summod = sum / 10;
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2021-07-15 16:06:52 +00:00
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//新节点保存的值,18%8=2,则添加2
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2021-07-23 15:44:19 +00:00
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sum = sum % 10;
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2021-04-28 10:28:00 +00:00
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//添加节点
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tempnode->next = new ListNode(sum);
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//移动指针
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tempnode = tempnode->next;
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if (l1 != nullptr) {
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l1 = l1->next;
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}
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if (l2 != nullptr) {
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l2 = l2->next;
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2021-07-23 15:44:19 +00:00
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}
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2021-04-28 10:28:00 +00:00
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}
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//最后根据进位值判断需不需要继续添加节点
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2021-07-13 05:08:47 +00:00
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if (summod != 0) {
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2021-04-28 10:28:00 +00:00
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tempnode->next = new ListNode(summod);
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}
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2021-07-15 16:06:52 +00:00
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return nList->next;//哑节点
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2021-04-28 10:28:00 +00:00
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}
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};
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```
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2021-07-13 05:08:47 +00:00
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JS Code:
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```js
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2021-07-23 15:44:19 +00:00
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var addTwoNumbers = function (l1, l2) {
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//待会儿要返回的链表
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let nList = new ListNode(-1); //哑节点
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let tempnode = nList;
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//用来保存进位值,初始化为0
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let summod = 0;
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while (l1 || l2) {
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//如果l1的链表为空则l1num为0,若是不为空,则为链表的节点值
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//判断是否为空,为空就设为0
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let l1num = l1 === null ? 0 : l1.val;
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let l2num = l2 === null ? 0 : l2.val;
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//将链表的值和进位值相加,得到为返回链表的值
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let sum = l1num + l2num + summod;
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//更新进位值,例18/10=1,9/10=0
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summod = ~~(sum / 10);
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//新节点保存的值,18%8=2,则添加2
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sum = sum % 10;
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//添加节点
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tempnode.next = new ListNode(sum);
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//移动指针
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tempnode = tempnode.next;
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if (l1) {
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l1 = l1.next;
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2021-07-13 05:08:47 +00:00
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}
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2021-07-23 15:44:19 +00:00
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if (l2) {
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l2 = l2.next;
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2021-07-13 05:08:47 +00:00
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}
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2021-07-23 15:44:19 +00:00
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}
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//最后根据进位值判断需不需要继续添加节点
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if (summod !== 0) {
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tempnode.next = new ListNode(summod);
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}
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return nList.next; //去除哑节点
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2021-07-13 05:08:47 +00:00
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};
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```
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Python Code:
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|
2021-07-15 16:06:52 +00:00
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```python
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2021-07-13 05:08:47 +00:00
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class Solution:
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def addTwoNumbers(self, l1: ListNode, l2: ListNode) -> ListNode:
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# 待会儿要返回的链表
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2021-07-15 16:06:52 +00:00
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nList = ListNode(-1) # 哑节点
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2021-07-13 05:08:47 +00:00
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tempnode = nList
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# 用来保存进位值,初始化为0
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summod = 0
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2021-07-15 16:06:52 +00:00
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while l1 is not None o l2 is not None:
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2021-07-13 05:08:47 +00:00
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# 如果l1的链表为空则l1num为0,若是不为空,则为链表的节点值
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# 判断是否为空,为空就设为0
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l1num = 0 if l1 is None else l1.val
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l2num = 0 if l2 is None else l2.val
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# 将链表的值和进位值相加,得到为返回链表的值
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sum_ = l1num + l2num + summod
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|
# 更新进位值,例18/10=1,9/10=0
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|
# 新节点保存的值,1 %8=2,则添加2
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|
# 注:这里使用divmod函数,对上方的代码进行了一丢丢的简化
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|
summod, sum_ = divmod(sum_, 10)
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# 添加节点
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|
tempnode.next = ListNode(sum_)
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# 移动指针
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tempnode = tempnode.next
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if l1 is not None:
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|
l1 = l1.next
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|
if l2 is not None:
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l2 = l2.next
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|
# 最后根据进位值判断需不需要继续添加节点
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|
|
if summod != 0:
|
|
|
|
|
tempnode.next = ListNode(summod)
|
2021-07-15 16:06:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
return nList.next # 去除哑节点
|
2021-07-13 05:08:47 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2021-07-17 14:28:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Swift Code:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```swift
|
|
|
|
|
class Solution {
|
|
|
|
|
func addTwoNumbers(_ l1: ListNode?, _ l2: ListNode?) -> ListNode? {
|
|
|
|
|
var l1 = l1, l2 = l2
|
|
|
|
|
var nList = ListNode(-1) // 哑节点
|
|
|
|
|
var tempnode = nList
|
|
|
|
|
// 用来保存进位值,初始化为0
|
2021-07-23 15:44:19 +00:00
|
|
|
|
var summod = 0
|
2021-07-17 14:28:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
while l1 != nil || l2 != nil {
|
|
|
|
|
// 链表的节点值
|
2021-07-23 15:44:19 +00:00
|
|
|
|
let l1num = l1?.val ?? 0
|
|
|
|
|
let l2num = l2?.val ?? 0
|
2021-07-17 14:28:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
// 将链表的值和进位值相加,得到为返回链表的值
|
|
|
|
|
var sum = l1num + l2num + summod
|
|
|
|
|
// 更新进位值,例18/10=1,9/10=0
|
|
|
|
|
summod = sum / 10
|
|
|
|
|
// 新节点保存的值,18%8=2,则添加2
|
|
|
|
|
sum = sum % 10
|
|
|
|
|
// 添加节点
|
|
|
|
|
tempnode.next = ListNode(sum)
|
|
|
|
|
// 移动指针
|
|
|
|
|
tempnode = tempnode.next!
|
|
|
|
|
if l1 != nil {
|
|
|
|
|
l1 = l1?.next
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
if l2 != nil {
|
|
|
|
|
l2 = l2?.next
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 最后根据进位值判断需不需要继续添加节点
|
|
|
|
|
if (summod != 0) {
|
|
|
|
|
tempnode.next = ListNode(summod)
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
return nList.next //去除哑节点
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
2021-07-27 18:26:32 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Go Code:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
|
|
|
func addTwoNumbers(l1 *ListNode, l2 *ListNode) *ListNode {
|
|
|
|
|
root := &ListNode{}
|
|
|
|
|
temp := root
|
|
|
|
|
// 用来保存进位值,初始化为0
|
|
|
|
|
mod := 0
|
|
|
|
|
for (l1 != nil || l2 != nil) {
|
|
|
|
|
l1num := 0
|
|
|
|
|
if l1 != nil { l1num = l1.Val }
|
|
|
|
|
l2num := 0
|
|
|
|
|
if l2 != nil { l2num = l2.Val }
|
|
|
|
|
// 将链表的值和进位值相加,得到为返回链表的值
|
|
|
|
|
sum := l1num + l2num + mod
|
|
|
|
|
// 更新进位值,例18/10=1,9/10=0
|
|
|
|
|
mod = sum / 10
|
|
|
|
|
// 新节点保存的值,18%8=2,则添加2
|
|
|
|
|
sum = sum % 10
|
|
|
|
|
newNode := &ListNode{
|
|
|
|
|
Val: sum,
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
temp.Next = newNode
|
|
|
|
|
temp = temp.Next
|
|
|
|
|
if l1 != nil { l1 = l1.Next }
|
|
|
|
|
if l2 != nil { l2 = l2.Next }
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
if mod != 0 {
|
|
|
|
|
newNode := &ListNode{
|
|
|
|
|
Val: mod,
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
temp.Next = newNode
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
return root.Next
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|