2021-03-20 08:30:29 +00:00
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> 如果阅读时,发现错误,或者动画不可以显示的问题可以添加我微信好友 **[tan45du_one](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tan45du/tan45du.github.io/master/个人微信.15egrcgqd94w.jpg)** ,备注 github + 题目 + 问题 向我反馈
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>
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> 感谢支持,该仓库会一直维护,希望对各位有一丢丢帮助。
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>
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2021-07-20 13:13:10 +00:00
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> 另外希望手机阅读的同学可以来我的 <u>[**公众号:袁厨的算法小屋**](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tan45du/test/master/微信图片_20210320152235.2pthdebvh1c0.png)</u> 两个平台同步,想要和题友一起刷题,互相监督的同学,可以在我的小屋点击<u>[**刷题小队**](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tan45du/test/master/微信图片_20210320152235.2pthdebvh1c0.png)</u>进入。
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2021-03-20 08:30:29 +00:00
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2021-03-20 07:48:03 +00:00
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#### [41. 缺失的第一个正数](https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/first-missing-positive/)
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2021-03-19 11:04:42 +00:00
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给你一个未排序的整数数组,请你找出其中没有出现的最小的正整数。
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示例 1:
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> 输入: [1,2,0]
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> 输出: 3
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示例 2:
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> 输入: [3,4,-1,1]
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> 输出: 2
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示例 3:
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> 输入: [7,8,9,11,12]
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> 输出: 1
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### 重复遍历
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让我们找出缺失的最小正整数,而且这是一个未排序的数组,我们可以利用暴力求解,挨个遍历发现那个不存在直接返回即可。我们这里使用两种方法解决这个问题,大家也可以提出自己的做法。
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我们既然是返回缺失的正整数,那么我们则可以将这个数组中的所有正整数保存到相应的位置,见下图。
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![微信截图_20210109135536](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/tan45du/github.io.phonto2@master/myphoto/微信截图_20210109135536.41h4amio2me0.png)
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上图中,我们遍历一遍原数组,将正整数保存到新数组中,然后遍历新数组,第一次发现 newnum[i] != i 时,则说明该值是缺失的,返回即可,例如我上图中的第一个示例中的 2,如果遍历完新数组,发现说所有值都对应,说明缺失的是 新数组的长度对应的那个数,比如第二个示例中 ,新数组的长度为 5,此时缺失的为 5,返回长度即可,很容易理解。
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注:我们发现我们新的数组长度比原数组大 1,是因为我们遍历新数组从 1,开始遍历。
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动图解析
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![缺失的第一个正数](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/tan45du/github.io.phonto2@master/myphoto/缺失的第一个正数.1it1cow5aa8w.gif)
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2021-07-10 04:20:02 +00:00
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Java Code:
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2021-03-19 11:04:42 +00:00
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```java
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class Solution {
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public int firstMissingPositive(int[] nums) {
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if (nums.length == 0) {
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return 1;
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}
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//因为是返回第一个正整数,不包括 0,所以需要长度加1,细节1
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int[] res = new int[nums.length + 1];
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//将数组元素添加到辅助数组中
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for (int x : nums) {
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if (x > 0 && x < res.length) {
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res[x] = x;
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2021-07-20 13:13:10 +00:00
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}
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2021-03-19 11:04:42 +00:00
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}
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//遍历查找,发现不一样时直接返回
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for (int i = 1; i < res.length; i++) {
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if (res[i] != i) {
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return i;
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2021-07-20 13:13:10 +00:00
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}
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2021-03-19 11:04:42 +00:00
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}
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2021-07-20 13:13:10 +00:00
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//缺少最后一个,例如 1,2,3此时缺少 4 ,细节2
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2021-03-19 11:04:42 +00:00
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return res.length;
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}
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}
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```
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2021-07-10 04:20:02 +00:00
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Python3 Code:
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```python
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from typing import List
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class Solution:
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def firstMissingPositive(self, nums: List[int])->int:
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if len(nums) == 0:
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return 1
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# 因为是返回第一个正整数,不包括 0,所以需要长度加1,细节1
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res = [0] * (len(nums) + 1)
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# 将数组元素添加到辅助数组中
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for x in nums:
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if x > 0 and x < len(res):
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res[x] = x
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# 遍历查找,发现不一样时直接返回
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for i in range(1, len(res)):
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if res[i] != i:
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return i
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2021-07-20 13:13:10 +00:00
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# 缺少最后一个,例如 1,2,3此时缺少 4 ,细节2
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2021-07-10 04:20:02 +00:00
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return len(res)
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```
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2021-03-19 11:04:42 +00:00
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2021-07-17 04:13:15 +00:00
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Swift Code
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```swift
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class Solution {
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func firstMissingPositive(_ nums: [Int]) -> Int {
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if nums.count == 0 {
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return 1
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}
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// 因为是返回第一个正整数,不包括 0,所以需要长度加1,细节1
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var res:[Int] = Array.init(repeating: 0, count: nums.count + 1)
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// 将数组元素添加到辅助数组中
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for x in nums {
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if x > 0 && x < res.count {
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res[x] = x
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}
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}
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// 遍历查找,发现不一样时直接返回
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for i in 1..<res.count {
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if res[i] != i {
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return i
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}
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}
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// 缺少最后一个,例如 1,2,3此时缺少 4 ,细节2
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return res.count
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}
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}
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```
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2021-03-19 11:04:42 +00:00
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我们通过上面的例子了解这个解题思想,我们有没有办法不使用辅助数组完成呢?我们可以使用原地置换,直接在 nums 数组内,将值换到对应的索引处,与上个方法思路一致,只不过没有使用辅助数组,理解起来也稍微难理解一些。
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下面我们看一下原地置换的一些情况。
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注:红色代表待置换,绿色代表置换完毕
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![置换1](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/tan45du/github.io.phonto2@master/myphoto/置换1.4j4pcz56ml40.png)
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![置换2](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/tan45du/github.io.phonto2@master/myphoto/置换2.5rawbyws7h40.png)
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动图解析:
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![原地置换](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/tan45du/github.io.phonto2@master/myphoto/原地置换.52wi0yoiu3o0.gif)
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题目代码:
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2021-04-26 06:50:27 +00:00
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Java Code:
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2021-03-19 11:04:42 +00:00
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```java
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class Solution {
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public int firstMissingPositive(int[] nums) {
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int len = nums.length;
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if (len == 0) {
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return 1;
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}
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for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
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//需要考虑指针移动情况,大于0,小于len+1,不等与i+1,两个交换的数相等时,防止死循环
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while (nums[i] > 0 && nums[i] < len + 1 && nums[i] != i+1 && nums[i] != nums[nums[i]-1]) {
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2021-07-20 13:13:10 +00:00
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swap(nums,i,nums[i] - 1);
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2021-03-19 11:04:42 +00:00
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}
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}
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//遍历寻找缺失的正整数
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for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
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if(nums[i] != i+1) {
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return i+1;
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}
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}
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return len + 1;
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}
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//交换
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public void swap(int[] nums, int i, int j) {
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if (i != j) {
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nums[i] ^= nums[j];
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nums[j] ^= nums[i];
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nums[i] ^= nums[j];
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}
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}
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}
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```
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2021-04-26 06:50:27 +00:00
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Python3 Code:
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2021-05-20 09:17:30 +00:00
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```python
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2021-04-26 06:50:27 +00:00
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class Solution:
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def firstMissingPositive(self, nums: List[int]) -> int:
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n = len(nums)
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def swap(nums, a, b):
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temp = nums[a]
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nums[a] = nums[b]
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nums[b] = temp
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i = 0
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while i < n:
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num = nums[i]
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# 已经就位
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if num <= 0 or num >= n or num == i + 1 or nums[num - 1] == num:
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i += 1
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# 可以交换
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else:
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swap(nums, i, num - 1)
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for i in range(n):
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if nums[i] != i + 1:
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return i + 1
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return n + 1
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```
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2021-07-17 04:13:15 +00:00
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Swift Code
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```swift
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class Solution {
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func firstMissingPositive(_ nums: [Int]) -> Int {
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var nums = nums
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let len = nums.count
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if len == 0 {
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return 1
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}
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// 遍历数组
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for i in 0..<len {
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// 需要考虑指针移动情况,大于0,小于len+1,不等与i+1,
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// 两个交换的数相等时,防止死循环
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2021-07-20 13:13:10 +00:00
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while nums[i] > 0
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&& nums[i] < len + 1
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2021-07-17 04:13:15 +00:00
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&& nums[i] != i + 1
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2021-07-20 13:13:10 +00:00
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&& nums[i] != nums[nums[i] - 1]
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2021-07-17 04:13:15 +00:00
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{
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//nums.swapAt(i, (nums[i] - 1)) // 系统方法
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self.swap(&nums, i, (nums[i] - 1)) // 自定义方法
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}
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}
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// 遍历寻找缺失的正整数
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for i in 0..<len {
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if nums[i] != i + 1 {
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return i + 1
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}
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}
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return len + 1
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}
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func swap(_ nums: inout [Int], _ i: Int, _ j: Int) {
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let temp = nums[i]
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nums[i] = nums[j]
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nums[j] = temp
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}
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}
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```
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2021-07-20 13:13:10 +00:00
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C++ Code
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```C++
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class Solution
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{
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public:
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int firstMissingPositive(vector<int> &nums)
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{
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int size = nums.size();
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//判断范围是否符合要求
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auto inRange = [](auto s, auto e)
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{
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return [s, e](auto &n)
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{
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return e >= n && n >= s;
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};
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};
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auto cusInRange = inRange(1, size);
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//增加数组长度, 便于计算, 不需要再转换
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nums.push_back(0);
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for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
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{
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//将不在正确位置的元素放到正确位置上
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while (cusInRange(nums[i]) && nums[i] != i && nums[nums[i]] != nums[i])
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{
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swap(nums[i], nums[nums[i]]);
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}
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}
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//找出缺失的元素
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for (int i = 1; i <= size; i++)
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{
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if (nums[i] != i)
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return i;
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}
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|
return size + 1;
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}
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};
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```
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