2021-07-23 15:44:19 +00:00
|
|
|
|
> 如果阅读时,发现错误,或者动画不可以显示的问题可以添加我微信好友 **[tan45du_one](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tan45du/tan45du.github.io/master/个人微信.15egrcgqd94w.jpg)** ,备注 github + 题目 + 问题 向我反馈
|
2021-03-20 08:30:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
|
> 感谢支持,该仓库会一直维护,希望对各位有一丢丢帮助。
|
|
|
|
|
>
|
2021-07-23 15:44:19 +00:00
|
|
|
|
> 另外希望手机阅读的同学可以来我的 <u>[**公众号:袁厨的算法小屋**](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tan45du/test/master/微信图片_20210320152235.2pthdebvh1c0.png)</u> 两个平台同步,想要和题友一起刷题,互相监督的同学,可以在我的小屋点击<u>[**刷题小队**](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tan45du/test/master/微信图片_20210320152235.2pthdebvh1c0.png)</u>进入。
|
2021-03-20 08:30:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2021-07-23 15:44:19 +00:00
|
|
|
|
### [75 颜色分类](https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/sort-colors/)
|
2021-03-17 11:49:19 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2021-03-18 01:28:12 +00:00
|
|
|
|
题目描述:
|
2021-03-17 11:49:19 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2021-03-18 01:28:12 +00:00
|
|
|
|
给定一个包含红色、白色和蓝色,一共 n 个元素的数组,原地对它们进行排序,使得相同颜色的元素相邻,并按照红色、白色、蓝色顺序排列。
|
2021-03-17 11:49:19 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2021-03-18 01:28:12 +00:00
|
|
|
|
此题中,我们使用整数 0、 1 和 2 分别表示红色、白色和蓝色。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
示例 1:
|
2021-03-17 11:49:19 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
> 输入:nums = [2,0,2,1,1,0]
|
|
|
|
|
> 输出:[0,0,1,1,2,2]
|
|
|
|
|
|
2021-03-18 01:28:12 +00:00
|
|
|
|
示例 2:
|
2021-03-17 11:49:19 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
> 输入:nums = [2,0,1]
|
|
|
|
|
> 输出:[0,1,2]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
示例 3:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
> 输入:nums = [0]
|
|
|
|
|
> 输出:[0]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
示例 4:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
> 输入:nums = [1]
|
|
|
|
|
> 输出:[1]
|
|
|
|
|
|
2021-03-18 01:28:12 +00:00
|
|
|
|
**做题思路**
|
2021-03-17 11:49:19 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2021-07-23 15:44:19 +00:00
|
|
|
|
这个题目我们使用 Arrays.sort() 解决,哈哈,但是那样太无聊啦,题目含义就是让我们将所有的 0 放在前面,2 放在后面,1 放在中间,是不是和我们上面说的荷兰国旗问题一样。我们仅仅将 1 做为 pivot 值。
|
2021-03-17 11:49:19 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2021-03-18 01:28:12 +00:00
|
|
|
|
下面我们直接看代码吧,和三向切分基本一致。
|
2021-03-17 11:49:19 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2021-07-10 04:20:02 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Java Code:
|
|
|
|
|
|
2021-03-17 11:49:19 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```java
|
|
|
|
|
class Solution {
|
|
|
|
|
public void sortColors(int[] nums) {
|
2021-03-18 01:28:12 +00:00
|
|
|
|
int len = nums.length;
|
|
|
|
|
int left = 0;
|
|
|
|
|
//这里和三向切分不完全一致
|
|
|
|
|
int i = left;
|
|
|
|
|
int right = len-1;
|
2021-07-23 15:44:19 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2021-03-18 01:28:12 +00:00
|
|
|
|
while (i <= right) {
|
|
|
|
|
if (nums[i] == 2) {
|
|
|
|
|
swap(nums,i,right--);
|
|
|
|
|
} else if (nums[i] == 0) {
|
|
|
|
|
swap(nums,i++,left++);
|
|
|
|
|
} else {
|
|
|
|
|
i++;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
2021-07-23 15:44:19 +00:00
|
|
|
|
}
|
2021-03-17 11:49:19 +00:00
|
|
|
|
}
|
2021-03-18 01:28:12 +00:00
|
|
|
|
public void swap (int[] nums, int i, int j) {
|
2021-03-17 11:49:19 +00:00
|
|
|
|
int temp = nums[i];
|
|
|
|
|
nums[i] = nums[j];
|
|
|
|
|
nums[j] = temp;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2021-07-10 04:20:02 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Python3 Code:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
|
|
|
from typing import List
|
|
|
|
|
class Solution:
|
2021-07-23 15:44:19 +00:00
|
|
|
|
def sortColors(self, nums: List[int]):
|
2021-07-10 04:20:02 +00:00
|
|
|
|
leng = len(nums)
|
|
|
|
|
left = 0
|
|
|
|
|
# 这里和三向切分不完全一致
|
|
|
|
|
i = left
|
|
|
|
|
right = leng - 1
|
|
|
|
|
while i <= right:
|
|
|
|
|
if nums[i] == 2:
|
|
|
|
|
self.swap(nums, i, right)
|
|
|
|
|
right -= 1
|
|
|
|
|
elif nums[i] == 0:
|
|
|
|
|
self.swap(nums, i, left)
|
|
|
|
|
i += 1
|
|
|
|
|
left += 1
|
|
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
|
|
i += 1
|
|
|
|
|
return nums
|
2021-07-23 15:44:19 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2021-07-10 04:20:02 +00:00
|
|
|
|
def swap(self, nums: List[int], i: int, j: int):
|
|
|
|
|
temp = nums[i]
|
|
|
|
|
nums[i] = nums[j]
|
|
|
|
|
nums[j] = temp
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2021-07-15 15:14:17 +00:00
|
|
|
|
C++ Code:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```cpp
|
|
|
|
|
class Solution {
|
|
|
|
|
public:
|
|
|
|
|
void sortColors(vector<int>& nums) {
|
|
|
|
|
int len = nums.size(), left = 0;
|
|
|
|
|
int i = left, right = len-1;
|
|
|
|
|
while (i <= right) {
|
|
|
|
|
if (nums[i] == 2) {
|
|
|
|
|
swap(nums[i],nums[right--]);
|
|
|
|
|
} else if (nums[i] == 0) {
|
|
|
|
|
swap(nums[i++],nums[left++]);
|
|
|
|
|
} else {
|
|
|
|
|
i++;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
2021-07-23 15:44:19 +00:00
|
|
|
|
}
|
2021-07-15 15:14:17 +00:00
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2021-07-17 04:13:15 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Swift Code:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```swift
|
|
|
|
|
class Solution {
|
|
|
|
|
func sortColors(_ nums: inout [Int]) {
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
let count = nums.count
|
|
|
|
|
var left = 0, i = left, right = count - 1
|
|
|
|
|
while i <= right {
|
|
|
|
|
if nums[i] == 2 {
|
|
|
|
|
//nums.swapAt(i, right) 直接调用系统方法
|
|
|
|
|
self.swap(&nums, i, right) // 保持风格统一走自定义交换
|
|
|
|
|
right -= 1
|
|
|
|
|
} else if nums[i] == 0 {
|
|
|
|
|
//nums.swapAt(i, left) 直接调用系统方法
|
|
|
|
|
self.swap(&nums, i, left) // 保持风格统一走自定义交换
|
|
|
|
|
i += 1
|
|
|
|
|
left += 1
|
|
|
|
|
} else {
|
|
|
|
|
i += 1
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
func swap(_ nums: inout [Int], _ i: Int, _ j: Int) {
|
|
|
|
|
let temp = nums[i]
|
|
|
|
|
nums[i] = nums[j]
|
|
|
|
|
nums[j] = temp
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2021-03-18 01:28:12 +00:00
|
|
|
|
另外我们看这段代码,有什么问题呢?那就是我们即使完全符合时,仍会交换元素,这样会大大降低我们的效率。
|
2021-03-17 11:49:19 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2021-03-18 01:28:12 +00:00
|
|
|
|
例如:[0,0,0,1,1,1,2,2,2]
|
2021-03-17 11:49:19 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2021-07-23 15:44:19 +00:00
|
|
|
|
此时我们完全符合情况,不需要交换元素,但是按照我们上面的代码,0,2 的每个元素会和自己进行交换,所以这里我们可以根据 i 和 left 的值是否相等来决定是否需要交换,大家可以自己写一下。
|
2021-03-17 11:49:19 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2021-03-18 01:28:12 +00:00
|
|
|
|
下面我们看一下另外一种写法
|
2021-03-17 11:49:19 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2021-03-18 01:28:12 +00:00
|
|
|
|
这个题目的关键点就是,当我们 nums[i] 和 nums[right] 交换后,我们的 nums[right] 此时指向的元素是符合要求的,但是我们 nums[i] 指向的元素不一定符合要求,所以我们需要继续判断。
|
2021-03-17 11:49:19 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2021-03-18 01:28:12 +00:00
|
|
|
|
![细节地方](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/tan45du/test@master/photo/微信截图_20210305153911.28capmzljy80.png)
|
2021-03-17 11:49:19 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2021-03-18 01:28:12 +00:00
|
|
|
|
我们 2 和 0 交换后,此时 i 指向 0 ,0 应放在头部,所以不符合情况,所以 0 和 1 仍需要交换。下面我们来看一下动画来加深理解吧。
|
2021-03-17 11:49:19 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2021-03-18 01:31:33 +00:00
|
|
|
|
![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210318093047325.gif#pic_center)
|
2021-03-17 11:49:19 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2021-03-18 01:28:12 +00:00
|
|
|
|
另一种代码表示
|
2021-03-17 11:49:19 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2021-07-10 04:20:02 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Java Code:
|
|
|
|
|
|
2021-03-17 11:49:19 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```java
|
|
|
|
|
class Solution {
|
|
|
|
|
public void sortColors(int[] nums) {
|
2021-03-18 01:28:12 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2021-03-17 11:49:19 +00:00
|
|
|
|
int left = 0;
|
2021-03-18 01:28:12 +00:00
|
|
|
|
int len = nums.length;
|
|
|
|
|
int right = len - 1;
|
2021-03-17 11:49:19 +00:00
|
|
|
|
for (int i = 0; i <= right; ++i) {
|
2021-07-23 15:44:19 +00:00
|
|
|
|
if (nums[i] == 0) {
|
2021-03-17 11:49:19 +00:00
|
|
|
|
swap(nums,i,left);
|
|
|
|
|
left++;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
if (nums[i] == 2) {
|
|
|
|
|
swap(nums,i,right);
|
|
|
|
|
right--;
|
2021-03-18 01:28:12 +00:00
|
|
|
|
//如果不等于 1 则需要继续判断,所以不移动 i 指针,i--
|
2021-03-17 11:49:19 +00:00
|
|
|
|
if (nums[i] != 1) {
|
|
|
|
|
i--;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
2021-07-23 15:44:19 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2021-03-17 11:49:19 +00:00
|
|
|
|
}
|
2021-03-18 01:28:12 +00:00
|
|
|
|
public void swap (int[] nums,int i, int j) {
|
2021-03-17 11:49:19 +00:00
|
|
|
|
int temp = nums[i];
|
|
|
|
|
nums[i] = nums[j];
|
|
|
|
|
nums[j] = temp;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2021-07-10 04:20:02 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Python3 Code:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
|
|
|
from typing import List
|
|
|
|
|
class Solution:
|
|
|
|
|
def sortColors(self, nums: List[int]):
|
|
|
|
|
left = 0
|
|
|
|
|
leng = len(nums)
|
|
|
|
|
right = leng - 1
|
|
|
|
|
i = 0
|
|
|
|
|
while i <= right:
|
|
|
|
|
if nums[i] == 0:
|
|
|
|
|
self.swap(nums, i, left)
|
|
|
|
|
left += 1
|
|
|
|
|
if nums[i] == 2:
|
|
|
|
|
self.swap(nums, i, right)
|
|
|
|
|
right -= 1
|
|
|
|
|
# 如果不等于 1 则需要继续判断,所以不移动 i 指针,i--
|
|
|
|
|
if nums[i] != 1:
|
|
|
|
|
i -= 1
|
2021-07-23 15:44:19 +00:00
|
|
|
|
i += 1
|
2021-07-10 04:20:02 +00:00
|
|
|
|
return nums
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def swap(self, nums: List[int], i: int, j: int):
|
|
|
|
|
temp = nums[i]
|
|
|
|
|
nums[i] = nums[j]
|
|
|
|
|
nums[j] = temp
|
2021-07-17 04:13:15 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2021-07-15 15:14:17 +00:00
|
|
|
|
C++ Code:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```cpp
|
|
|
|
|
class Solution {
|
|
|
|
|
public:
|
|
|
|
|
void sortColors(vector<int>& nums) {
|
|
|
|
|
int left = 0, len = nums.size();
|
|
|
|
|
int right = len - 1;
|
|
|
|
|
for (int i = 0; i <= right; ++i) {
|
2021-07-23 15:44:19 +00:00
|
|
|
|
if (nums[i] == 0) {
|
2021-07-15 15:14:17 +00:00
|
|
|
|
swap(nums[i],nums[left++]);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
if (nums[i] == 2) {
|
|
|
|
|
swap(nums[i],nums[right--]);
|
|
|
|
|
if (nums[i] != 1) {
|
|
|
|
|
i--;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2021-07-17 04:13:15 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Swift Code:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```swift
|
|
|
|
|
class Solution {
|
|
|
|
|
func sortColors(_ nums: inout [Int]) {
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
let count = nums.count
|
|
|
|
|
var left = 0, i = left, right = count - 1
|
|
|
|
|
while i <= right {
|
|
|
|
|
if nums[i] == 0 {
|
|
|
|
|
//nums.swapAt(i, left) 直接调用系统方法
|
|
|
|
|
self.swap(&nums, i, left) // 保持风格统一走自定义交换
|
|
|
|
|
left += 1
|
2021-07-23 15:44:19 +00:00
|
|
|
|
}
|
2021-07-17 04:13:15 +00:00
|
|
|
|
if nums[i] == 2 {
|
|
|
|
|
//nums.swapAt(i, right) 直接调用系统方法
|
|
|
|
|
self.swap(&nums, i, right) // 保持风格统一走自定义交换
|
|
|
|
|
right -= 1
|
|
|
|
|
//如果不等于 1 则需要继续判断,所以不移动 i 指针,i--
|
|
|
|
|
if nums[i] != 1 {
|
|
|
|
|
i -= 1
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
i += 1
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
func swap(_ nums: inout [Int], _ i: Int, _ j: Int) {
|
|
|
|
|
let temp = nums[i]
|
|
|
|
|
nums[i] = nums[j]
|
|
|
|
|
nums[j] = temp
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
2021-07-23 15:44:19 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```
|