2017-11-24 04:30:57 +00:00
|
|
|
|
## 多阶段构建
|
2017-11-24 10:36:30 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 之前的做法
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
在 Docker 17.05 版本之前,我们构建 Docker 镜像时,通常会采用两种方式:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### 全部放入一个 Dockerfile
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
一种方式是将所有的构建过程编包含在一个 `Dockerfile` 中,包括项目及其依赖库的编译、测试、打包等流程,这里可能会带来的一些问题:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `Dockerfile` 特别长,可维护性降低
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* 镜像层次多,镜像体积较大,部署时间变长
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* 源代码存在泄露的风险
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
例如
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
编写 `app.go` 文件,该程序输出 `Hello World!`
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
|
|
|
package main
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
import "fmt"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
func main(){
|
|
|
|
|
fmt.Printf("Hello World!");
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
编写 `Dockerfile.one` 文件
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```docker
|
|
|
|
|
FROM golang:1.9-alpine
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
RUN apk --no-cache add git ca-certificates
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
WORKDIR /go/src/github.com/go/helloworld/
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
COPY app.go .
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
RUN go get -d -v github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql \
|
|
|
|
|
&& CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux go build -a -installsuffix cgo -o app . \
|
|
|
|
|
&& cp /go/src/github.com/go/helloworld/app /root
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
WORKDIR /root/
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CMD ["./app"]
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
构建镜像
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
|
|
|
$ docker build -t go/helloworld:1 -f Dockerfile.one .
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### 分散到多个 Dockerfile
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
另一种方式,就是我们事先在一个 `Dockerfile` 将项目及其依赖库编译测试打包好后,再将其拷贝到运行环境中,这种方式需要我们编写两个 `Dockerfile` 和一些编译脚本才能将其两个阶段自动整合起来,这种方式虽然可以很好地规避第一种方式存在的风险,但明显部署过程较复杂。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
例如
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
编写 `Dockerfile.build` 文件
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```docker
|
|
|
|
|
FROM golang:1.9-alpine
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
RUN apk --no-cache add git
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
WORKDIR /go/src/github.com/go/helloworld
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
COPY app.go .
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
RUN go get -d -v github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql \
|
|
|
|
|
&& CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux go build -a -installsuffix cgo -o app .
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
编写 `Dockerfile.copy` 文件
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```docker
|
|
|
|
|
FROM alpine:latest
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
RUN apk --no-cache add ca-certificates
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
WORKDIR /root/
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
COPY app .
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CMD ["./app"]
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
新建 `build.sh`
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
|
|
|
#!/bin/sh
|
|
|
|
|
echo Building go/helloworld:build
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
docker build -t go/helloworld:build . -f Dockerfile.build
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
docker create --name extract go/helloworld:build
|
|
|
|
|
docker cp extract:/go/src/github.com/go/helloworld/app ./app
|
|
|
|
|
docker rm -f extract
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
echo Building go/helloworld:2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
docker build --no-cache -t go/helloworld:2 . -f Dockerfile.copy
|
|
|
|
|
rm ./app
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
现在运行脚本即可构建镜像
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
|
|
|
$ chmod +x build.sh
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ ./build.sh
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
对比两种方式生成的镜像大小
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
2017-12-05 01:40:50 +00:00
|
|
|
|
$ docker image ls
|
2017-11-24 10:36:30 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-12-03 02:27:05 +00:00
|
|
|
|
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
|
|
|
|
|
go/helloworld 2 f7cf3465432c 22 seconds ago 6.47MB
|
|
|
|
|
go/helloworld 1 f55d3e16affc 2 minutes ago 295MB
|
2017-11-24 10:36:30 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 使用多阶段构建
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
为解决以上问题,Docker v17.05 开始支持多阶段构建 (`multistage builds`)。使用多阶段构建我们就可以很容易解决前面提到的问题,并且只需要编写一个 `Dockerfile`:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
例如
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
编写 `Dockerfile` 文件
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```docker
|
2018-03-10 01:16:43 +00:00
|
|
|
|
FROM golang:1.9-alpine as builder
|
2017-11-24 10:36:30 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
RUN apk --no-cache add git
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
WORKDIR /go/src/github.com/go/helloworld/
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
RUN go get -d -v github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
COPY app.go .
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
RUN CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux go build -a -installsuffix cgo -o app .
|
|
|
|
|
|
2018-03-10 01:16:43 +00:00
|
|
|
|
FROM alpine:latest as prod
|
2017-11-24 10:36:30 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
RUN apk --no-cache add ca-certificates
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
WORKDIR /root/
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
COPY --from=0 /go/src/github.com/go/helloworld/app .
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CMD ["./app"]
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
构建镜像
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
|
|
|
$ docker build -t go/helloworld:3 .
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
对比三个镜像大小
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
2017-12-05 01:40:50 +00:00
|
|
|
|
$ docker image ls
|
2017-11-24 10:36:30 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-12-03 02:27:05 +00:00
|
|
|
|
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
|
|
|
|
|
go/helloworld 3 d6911ed9c846 7 seconds ago 6.47MB
|
|
|
|
|
go/helloworld 2 f7cf3465432c 22 seconds ago 6.47MB
|
|
|
|
|
go/helloworld 1 f55d3e16affc 2 minutes ago 295MB
|
2017-11-24 10:36:30 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
很明显使用多阶段构建的镜像体积小,同时也完美解决了上边提到的问题。
|
2018-03-10 01:16:43 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### 只构建某一阶段的镜像
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
我们可以使用 `as` 来为某一阶段命名,例如
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```dockerfile
|
|
|
|
|
FROM golang:1.9-alpine as builder
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
例如当我们只想构建 `builder` 阶段的镜像时,我们可以在使用 `docker build` 命令时加上 `--target` 参数即可
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
|
|
|
$ docker build --target builder -t username/imagename:tag .
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### 构建时从其他镜像复制文件
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
上面例子中我们使用 `COPY --from=0 /go/src/github.com/go/helloworld/app .` 从上一阶段的镜像中复制文件,我们也可以复制任意镜像中的文件。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```dockerfile
|
|
|
|
|
$ COPY --from=nginx:latest /etc/nginx/nginx.conf /nginx.conf
|
|
|
|
|
```
|