2017-09-04 03:18:25 +00:00
|
|
|
|
## Debian 安装 Docker CE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 准备工作
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### 系统要求
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Docker CE 支持以下版本的 [Debian](https://www.debian.org/intro/about) 操作系统:
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017-09-04 15:34:38 +00:00
|
|
|
|
* Stretch 9
|
|
|
|
|
* Jessie 8 (LTS)
|
|
|
|
|
* Wheezy 7.7 (LTS)
|
2017-09-04 03:18:25 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### 卸载旧版本
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
旧版本的 Docker 称为 `docker` 或者 `docker-engine`,使用以下命令卸载旧版本:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
2017-10-19 14:41:37 +00:00
|
|
|
|
$ sudo apt-get remove docker \
|
|
|
|
|
docker-engine \
|
|
|
|
|
docker.io
|
2017-09-04 03:18:25 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### Debian 7 Wheezy
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Debian 7 的内核默认为 3.2,为了满足 Docker CE 的需求,应该安装 [`backports`](https://backports.debian.org/Instructions/) 的内核。
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017-12-20 02:24:36 +00:00
|
|
|
|
### 使用 APT 安装
|
2017-09-04 03:18:25 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-12-20 02:24:36 +00:00
|
|
|
|
由于 apt 源使用 HTTPS 以确保软件下载过程中不被篡改。因此,我们首先需要添加使用 HTTPS 传输的软件包以及 CA 证书。
|
2017-09-04 03:18:25 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Debian 8 Jessie 或者 Debian 9 Stretch 使用以下命令:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
|
|
|
$ sudo apt-get update
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ sudo apt-get install \
|
|
|
|
|
apt-transport-https \
|
|
|
|
|
ca-certificates \
|
|
|
|
|
curl \
|
|
|
|
|
gnupg2 \
|
|
|
|
|
lsb-release \
|
|
|
|
|
software-properties-common
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Debian 7 Wheezy 使用以下命令:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
|
|
|
$ sudo apt-get update
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ sudo apt-get install \
|
|
|
|
|
apt-transport-https \
|
|
|
|
|
ca-certificates \
|
|
|
|
|
curl \
|
|
|
|
|
lsb-release \
|
|
|
|
|
python-software-properties
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017-12-08 16:12:02 +00:00
|
|
|
|
鉴于国内网络问题,强烈建议使用国内源,官方源请在注释中查看。
|
2017-09-04 03:18:25 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
为了确认所下载软件包的合法性,需要添加软件源的 GPG 密钥。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
2017-10-19 14:41:37 +00:00
|
|
|
|
$ curl -fsSL https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/debian/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
|
2017-12-08 16:12:02 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# 官方源
|
|
|
|
|
# $ curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/debian/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
|
2017-09-04 03:18:25 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
然后,我们需要向 `source.list` 中添加 Docker CE 软件源:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
|
|
|
$ sudo add-apt-repository \
|
2017-10-19 14:41:37 +00:00
|
|
|
|
"deb [arch=amd64] https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/$(. /etc/os-release; echo "$ID") \
|
2017-09-04 03:18:25 +00:00
|
|
|
|
$(lsb_release -cs) \
|
|
|
|
|
stable"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017-12-08 16:12:02 +00:00
|
|
|
|
# 官方源
|
|
|
|
|
# $ sudo add-apt-repository \
|
|
|
|
|
# "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/debian \
|
|
|
|
|
# $(lsb_release -cs) \
|
|
|
|
|
# stable"
|
2017-09-04 03:18:25 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017-12-08 16:12:02 +00:00
|
|
|
|
>以上命令会添加稳定版本的 Docker CE APT 镜像源,如果需要最新或者测试版本的 Docker CE 请将 stable 改为 edge 或者 test。从 Docker 17.06 开始,edge test 版本的 APT 镜像源也会包含稳定版本的 Docker CE。
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017-09-04 03:18:25 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Debian 7 需要进行额外的操作:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
编辑 `/etc/apt/sources.list` 将 deb-src 一行删除或者使用 # 注释。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
|
|
|
deb-src [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/debian wheezy stable
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### 安装 Docker CE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
更新 apt 软件包缓存,并安装 `docker-ce`。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
|
|
|
$ sudo apt-get update
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ sudo apt-get install docker-ce
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 使用脚本自动安装
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
在测试或开发环境中 Docker 官方为了简化安装流程,提供了一套便捷的安装脚本,Debian 系统上可以使用这套脚本安装:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
|
|
|
$ curl -fsSL get.docker.com -o get-docker.sh
|
|
|
|
|
$ sudo sh get-docker.sh --mirror Aliyun
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017-11-29 02:24:44 +00:00
|
|
|
|
执行这个命令后,脚本就会自动的将一切准备工作做好,并且把 Docker CE 的 Edge 版本安装在系统中。
|
2017-09-04 03:18:25 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 启动 Docker CE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
|
|
|
$ sudo systemctl enable docker
|
|
|
|
|
$ sudo systemctl start docker
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
2017-10-19 14:41:37 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-09-04 03:18:25 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Debian 7 Wheezy 请使用以下命令启动
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
|
|
|
$ sudo service docker start
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 建立 docker 用户组
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
默认情况下,`docker` 命令会使用 [Unix socket](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_domain_socket) 与 Docker 引擎通讯。而只有 `root` 用户和 `docker` 组的用户才可以访问 Docker 引擎的 Unix socket。出于安全考虑,一般 Linux 系统上不会直接使用 `root` 用户。因此,更好地做法是将需要使用 `docker` 的用户加入 `docker` 用户组。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
建立 `docker` 组:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
|
|
|
$ sudo groupadd docker
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
将当前用户加入 `docker` 组:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
|
|
|
$ sudo usermod -aG docker $USER
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017-12-10 05:21:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
退出当前终端并重新登录,进行如下测试。
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017-11-24 01:51:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
### 测试 Docker 是否安装正确
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
|
|
|
$ docker run hello-world
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
|
|
|
|
|
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
|
|
|
|
|
ca4f61b1923c: Pull complete
|
|
|
|
|
Digest: sha256:be0cd392e45be79ffeffa6b05338b98ebb16c87b255f48e297ec7f98e123905c
|
|
|
|
|
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hello from Docker!
|
|
|
|
|
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
|
|
|
|
|
1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
|
|
|
|
|
2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
|
|
|
|
|
(amd64)
|
|
|
|
|
3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
|
|
|
|
|
executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
|
|
|
|
|
4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
|
|
|
|
|
to your terminal.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
|
|
|
|
|
$ docker run -it ubuntu bash
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
|
|
|
|
|
https://cloud.docker.com/
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For more examples and ideas, visit:
|
|
|
|
|
https://docs.docker.com/engine/userguide/
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
若能正常输出以上信息,则说明安装成功。
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017-09-04 03:18:25 +00:00
|
|
|
|
### 镜像加速
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017-09-16 02:27:27 +00:00
|
|
|
|
鉴于国内网络问题,后续拉取 Docker 镜像十分缓慢,强烈建议安装 Docker 之后配置 [国内镜像加速](mirror.md)。
|
2017-09-04 03:18:25 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 参考文档
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* [Docker 官方 Debian 安装文档](https://docs.docker.com/engine/installation/linux/docker-ce/debian/)
|