2020-10-12 10:54:47 +00:00
|
|
|
|
# 树莓派卡片电脑安装 Docker
|
2017-11-24 01:51:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2018-03-19 08:04:23 +00:00
|
|
|
|
>警告:切勿在没有配置 Docker APT 源的情况下直接使用 apt 命令安装 Docker.
|
|
|
|
|
|
2019-11-05 15:35:43 +00:00
|
|
|
|
## 系统要求
|
2017-11-24 01:51:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-10-12 10:54:47 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Docker 不仅支持 `x86_64` 架构的计算机,同时也支持 `ARM` 架构的计算机,本小节内容以树莓派单片电脑为例讲解 `ARM` 架构安装 Docker。
|
2017-11-24 01:51:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2021-03-02 16:11:07 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Docker 支持以下版本的 [Raspberry Pi OS](https://www.raspberrypi.org/software/operating-systems/) 操作系统:
|
2017-11-24 01:51:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-06-17 10:28:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
* Raspberry Pi OS Buster
|
2024-02-02 02:36:14 +00:00
|
|
|
|
* Raspberry Pi OS Bullseye
|
2024-02-02 15:03:39 +00:00
|
|
|
|
* Raspberry Pi OS Bookworm
|
2017-11-24 01:51:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-06-17 10:28:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
*注:* `Raspberry Pi OS` 由树莓派的开发与维护机构 [树莓派基金会](https://www.raspberrypi.org/) 官方支持,并推荐用作树莓派的首选系统,其基于 `Debian`。
|
2017-11-24 01:51:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2019-11-05 15:35:43 +00:00
|
|
|
|
## 使用 APT 安装
|
2017-11-24 01:51:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-12-20 02:24:36 +00:00
|
|
|
|
由于 apt 源使用 HTTPS 以确保软件下载过程中不被篡改。因此,我们首先需要添加使用 HTTPS 传输的软件包以及 CA 证书。
|
2017-11-24 01:51:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
|
|
|
$ sudo apt-get update
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ sudo apt-get install \
|
|
|
|
|
apt-transport-https \
|
|
|
|
|
ca-certificates \
|
|
|
|
|
curl \
|
|
|
|
|
gnupg2 \
|
|
|
|
|
lsb-release \
|
|
|
|
|
software-properties-common
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017-12-08 16:12:02 +00:00
|
|
|
|
鉴于国内网络问题,强烈建议使用国内源,官方源请在注释中查看。
|
2017-11-24 01:51:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
为了确认所下载软件包的合法性,需要添加软件源的 GPG 密钥。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
2020-11-09 04:41:02 +00:00
|
|
|
|
$ curl -fsSL https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/raspbian/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
|
2017-12-08 16:12:02 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# 官方源
|
|
|
|
|
# $ curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/raspbian/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
|
2017-11-24 01:51:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2020-10-12 10:54:47 +00:00
|
|
|
|
然后,我们需要向 `sources.list` 中添加 Docker 软件源:
|
2017-11-24 01:51:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
|
|
|
$ sudo add-apt-repository \
|
2020-11-09 04:41:02 +00:00
|
|
|
|
"deb [arch=armhf] https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/raspbian \
|
2017-11-24 01:51:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
$(lsb_release -cs) \
|
|
|
|
|
stable"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017-12-08 16:12:02 +00:00
|
|
|
|
# 官方源
|
|
|
|
|
# $ sudo add-apt-repository \
|
|
|
|
|
# "deb [arch=armhf] https://download.docker.com/linux/raspbian \
|
|
|
|
|
# $(lsb_release -cs) \
|
2019-02-21 02:53:33 +00:00
|
|
|
|
# stable"
|
2017-11-24 01:51:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2020-10-12 10:54:47 +00:00
|
|
|
|
>以上命令会添加稳定版本的 Docker APT 源,如果需要测试版本的 Docker 请将 stable 改为 test。
|
2017-12-08 16:12:02 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2024-02-02 02:36:14 +00:00
|
|
|
|
#### 报错解决办法
|
|
|
|
|
|
2024-02-02 15:03:39 +00:00
|
|
|
|
在 `Raspberry Pi OS Bullseye/Bookworm` 中,添加 Docker 软件源的步骤可能会出现如下报错:
|
2024-02-02 02:36:14 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
|
|
|
Traceback (most recent call last):
|
|
|
|
|
File "/usr/bin/add-apt-repository", line 95, in <module>
|
|
|
|
|
sp = SoftwareProperties(options=options)
|
|
|
|
|
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/softwareproperties/SoftwareProperties.py", line 109, in __init__
|
|
|
|
|
self.reload_sourceslist()
|
|
|
|
|
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/softwareproperties/SoftwareProperties.py", line 599, in reload_sourceslist
|
|
|
|
|
self.distro.get_sources(self.sourceslist)
|
|
|
|
|
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/aptsources/distro.py", line 91, in get_sources
|
|
|
|
|
raise NoDistroTemplateException(
|
|
|
|
|
aptsources.distro.NoDistroTemplateException: Error: could not find a distribution template for Raspbian/bullseye
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2024-02-02 15:03:39 +00:00
|
|
|
|
通过以下命令手动添加镜像源到 `/etc/apt/sources.list` 文件中即可解决:
|
2024-02-02 02:36:14 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
2024-02-02 15:03:39 +00:00
|
|
|
|
$ sudo echo "deb [arch=armhf] https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/raspbian $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list
|
2024-02-02 02:36:14 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# 官方源
|
2024-02-02 15:03:39 +00:00
|
|
|
|
# $ sudo echo "deb [arch=armhf] https://download.docker.com/linux/raspbian $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list
|
2024-02-02 02:36:14 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2020-10-12 10:54:47 +00:00
|
|
|
|
### 安装 Docker
|
2017-11-24 01:51:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
更新 apt 软件包缓存,并安装 `docker-ce`。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
|
|
|
$ sudo apt-get update
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ sudo apt-get install docker-ce
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2019-11-05 15:35:43 +00:00
|
|
|
|
## 使用脚本自动安装
|
2017-11-24 01:51:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-06-17 10:28:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
在测试或开发环境中 Docker 官方为了简化安装流程,提供了一套便捷的安装脚本,Raspberry Pi OS 系统上可以使用这套脚本安装,另外可以通过 `--mirror` 选项使用国内源进行安装:
|
2017-11-24 01:51:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-10-14 15:30:27 +00:00
|
|
|
|
> 若你想安装测试版的 Docker, 请从 test.docker.com 获取脚本
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017-11-24 01:51:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
2020-10-14 15:30:27 +00:00
|
|
|
|
# $ curl -fsSL test.docker.com -o get-docker.sh
|
2017-11-24 01:51:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
$ curl -fsSL get.docker.com -o get-docker.sh
|
|
|
|
|
$ sudo sh get-docker.sh --mirror Aliyun
|
2019-09-25 02:30:12 +00:00
|
|
|
|
# $ sudo sh get-docker.sh --mirror AzureChinaCloud
|
2017-11-24 01:51:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2020-10-12 10:54:47 +00:00
|
|
|
|
执行这个命令后,脚本就会自动的将一切准备工作做好,并且把 Docker 的稳定(stable)版本安装在系统中。
|
2017-11-24 01:51:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-10-12 10:54:47 +00:00
|
|
|
|
## 启动 Docker
|
2017-11-24 01:51:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
|
|
|
$ sudo systemctl enable docker
|
|
|
|
|
$ sudo systemctl start docker
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2019-11-05 15:35:43 +00:00
|
|
|
|
## 建立 docker 用户组
|
2017-11-24 01:51:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
默认情况下,`docker` 命令会使用 [Unix socket](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_domain_socket) 与 Docker 引擎通讯。而只有 `root` 用户和 `docker` 组的用户才可以访问 Docker 引擎的 Unix socket。出于安全考虑,一般 Linux 系统上不会直接使用 `root` 用户。因此,更好地做法是将需要使用 `docker` 的用户加入 `docker` 用户组。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
建立 `docker` 组:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
|
|
|
$ sudo groupadd docker
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
将当前用户加入 `docker` 组:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
|
|
|
$ sudo usermod -aG docker $USER
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017-12-10 05:21:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
退出当前终端并重新登录,进行如下测试。
|
|
|
|
|
|
2019-11-05 15:35:43 +00:00
|
|
|
|
## 测试 Docker 是否安装正确
|
2017-11-24 01:51:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
2021-03-14 13:42:50 +00:00
|
|
|
|
$ docker run --rm hello-world
|
2017-11-24 01:51:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
|
|
|
|
|
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
|
2021-03-14 13:42:50 +00:00
|
|
|
|
4ee5c797bcd7: Pull complete
|
|
|
|
|
Digest: sha256:308866a43596e83578c7dfa15e27a73011bdd402185a84c5cd7f32a88b501a24
|
2017-11-24 01:51:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hello from Docker!
|
|
|
|
|
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
|
|
|
|
|
1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
|
|
|
|
|
2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
|
2021-03-14 13:42:50 +00:00
|
|
|
|
(arm32v7)
|
2017-11-24 01:51:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
|
|
|
|
|
executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
|
|
|
|
|
4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
|
|
|
|
|
to your terminal.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
|
|
|
|
|
$ docker run -it ubuntu bash
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
|
2018-10-21 01:51:36 +00:00
|
|
|
|
https://hub.docker.com/
|
2017-11-24 01:51:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For more examples and ideas, visit:
|
2018-10-21 01:51:36 +00:00
|
|
|
|
https://docs.docker.com/get-started/
|
2017-11-24 01:51:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
若能正常输出以上信息,则说明安装成功。
|
|
|
|
|
|
2020-06-17 10:28:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
*注意:* ARM 平台不能使用 `x86` 镜像,查看 Raspberry Pi OS 可使用镜像请访问 [arm32v7](https://hub.docker.com/u/arm32v7/) 或者 [arm64v8](https://hub.docker.com/u/arm64v8/)。
|
2017-11-24 01:51:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2019-11-05 15:35:43 +00:00
|
|
|
|
## 镜像加速
|
2017-11-24 01:51:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2019-01-06 02:00:38 +00:00
|
|
|
|
如果在使用过程中发现拉取 Docker 镜像十分缓慢,可以配置 Docker [国内镜像加速](mirror.md)。
|