2019-11-05 15:35:43 +00:00
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# Compose 模板文件
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2015-05-08 12:10:01 +00:00
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2017-11-26 01:54:04 +00:00
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模板文件是使用 `Compose` 的核心,涉及到的指令关键字也比较多。但大家不用担心,这里面大部分指令跟 `docker run` 相关参数的含义都是类似的。
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2015-05-08 12:10:01 +00:00
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2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
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默认的模板文件名称为 `docker-compose.yml`,格式为 YAML 格式。
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2015-05-08 12:10:01 +00:00
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2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
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```yaml
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version: "3"
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2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
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services:
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webapp:
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image: examples/web
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ports:
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- "80:80"
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volumes:
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- "/data"
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2015-05-08 12:10:01 +00:00
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```
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2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
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注意每个服务都必须通过 `image` 指令指定镜像或 `build` 指令(需要 Dockerfile)等来自动构建生成镜像。
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2019-09-01 06:46:33 +00:00
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如果使用 `build` 指令,在 `Dockerfile` 中设置的选项(例如:`CMD`, `EXPOSE`, `VOLUME`, `ENV` 等) 将会自动被获取,无需在 `docker-compose.yml` 中重复设置。
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2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
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下面分别介绍各个指令的用法。
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2019-11-05 15:35:43 +00:00
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## `build`
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2015-05-08 12:10:01 +00:00
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2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
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指定 `Dockerfile` 所在文件夹的路径(可以是绝对路径,或者相对 docker-compose.yml 文件的路径)。 `Compose` 将会利用它自动构建这个镜像,然后使用这个镜像。
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2015-05-08 12:10:01 +00:00
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2017-11-23 07:48:52 +00:00
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```yaml
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version: '3'
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services:
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webapp:
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build: ./dir
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```
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你也可以使用 `context` 指令指定 `Dockerfile` 所在文件夹的路径。
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使用 `dockerfile` 指令指定 `Dockerfile` 文件名。
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使用 `arg` 指令指定构建镜像时的变量。
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```yaml
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version: '3'
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services:
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webapp:
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build:
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context: ./dir
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dockerfile: Dockerfile-alternate
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args:
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buildno: 1
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```
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使用 `cache_from` 指定构建镜像的缓存
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```yaml
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build:
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context: .
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cache_from:
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- alpine:latest
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- corp/web_app:3.14
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```
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2019-11-05 15:35:43 +00:00
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## `cap_add, cap_drop`
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2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
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指定容器的内核能力(capacity)分配。
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例如,让容器拥有所有能力可以指定为:
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```yaml
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cap_add:
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- ALL
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```
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去掉 NET_ADMIN 能力可以指定为:
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2017-11-23 07:48:52 +00:00
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```yaml
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cap_drop:
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- NET_ADMIN
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```
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## `command`
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覆盖容器启动后默认执行的命令。
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2017-11-23 07:48:52 +00:00
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```yaml
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command: echo "hello world"
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```
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2019-11-05 15:35:43 +00:00
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## `configs`
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仅用于 `Swarm mode`,详细内容请查看 [`Swarm mode`](../swarm_mode/) 一节。
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2019-11-05 15:35:43 +00:00
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## `cgroup_parent`
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指定父 `cgroup` 组,意味着将继承该组的资源限制。
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例如,创建了一个 cgroup 组名称为 `cgroups_1`。
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2017-11-23 07:48:52 +00:00
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```yaml
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cgroup_parent: cgroups_1
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```
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2019-11-05 15:35:43 +00:00
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## `container_name`
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指定容器名称。默认将会使用 `项目名称_服务名称_序号` 这样的格式。
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2017-11-23 07:48:52 +00:00
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```yaml
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container_name: docker-web-container
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```
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2017-12-16 07:08:02 +00:00
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>注意: 指定容器名称后,该服务将无法进行扩展(scale),因为 Docker 不允许多个容器具有相同的名称。
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2019-11-05 15:35:43 +00:00
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## `deploy`
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仅用于 `Swarm mode`,详细内容请查看 [`Swarm mode`](../swarm_mode/) 一节
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2019-11-05 15:35:43 +00:00
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## `devices`
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指定设备映射关系。
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2017-11-23 07:48:52 +00:00
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```yaml
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devices:
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- "/dev/ttyUSB1:/dev/ttyUSB0"
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```
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2019-11-05 15:35:43 +00:00
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## `depends_on`
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2017-11-23 13:25:55 +00:00
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解决容器的依赖、启动先后的问题。以下例子中会先启动 `redis` `db` 再启动 `web`
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```yaml
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version: '3'
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services:
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web:
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build: .
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depends_on:
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- db
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- redis
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redis:
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image: redis
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db:
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image: postgres
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```
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2017-12-16 07:08:02 +00:00
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>注意:`web` 服务不会等待 `redis` `db` 「完全启动」之后才启动。
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2019-11-05 15:35:43 +00:00
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## `dns`
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自定义 `DNS` 服务器。可以是一个值,也可以是一个列表。
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```yaml
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dns: 8.8.8.8
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dns:
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- 8.8.8.8
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- 114.114.114.114
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```
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2019-11-05 15:35:43 +00:00
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## `dns_search`
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配置 `DNS` 搜索域。可以是一个值,也可以是一个列表。
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2017-11-23 07:48:52 +00:00
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```yaml
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dns_search: example.com
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2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
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dns_search:
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- domain1.example.com
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- domain2.example.com
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```
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2019-11-05 15:35:43 +00:00
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## `tmpfs`
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挂载一个 tmpfs 文件系统到容器。
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```yaml
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tmpfs: /run
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tmpfs:
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- /run
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- /tmp
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```
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2019-11-05 15:35:43 +00:00
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## `env_file`
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从文件中获取环境变量,可以为单独的文件路径或列表。
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2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
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如果通过 `docker-compose -f FILE` 方式来指定 Compose 模板文件,则 `env_file` 中变量的路径会基于模板文件路径。
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2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
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如果有变量名称与 `environment` 指令冲突,则按照惯例,以后者为准。
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2017-11-22 03:13:23 +00:00
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```bash
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env_file: .env
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2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
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env_file:
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- ./common.env
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- ./apps/web.env
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- /opt/secrets.env
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```
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2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
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环境变量文件中每一行必须符合格式,支持 `#` 开头的注释行。
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2017-11-22 03:13:23 +00:00
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```bash
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# common.env: Set development environment
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PROG_ENV=development
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```
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2019-11-05 15:35:43 +00:00
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## `environment`
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设置环境变量。你可以使用数组或字典两种格式。
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2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
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只给定名称的变量会自动获取运行 Compose 主机上对应变量的值,可以用来防止泄露不必要的数据。
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2017-11-23 07:48:52 +00:00
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```yaml
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environment:
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RACK_ENV: development
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SESSION_SECRET:
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environment:
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- RACK_ENV=development
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- SESSION_SECRET
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```
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2019-01-06 02:15:13 +00:00
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如果变量名称或者值中用到 `true|false,yes|no` 等表达 [布尔](https://yaml.org/type/bool.html) 含义的词汇,最好放到引号里,避免 YAML 自动解析某些内容为对应的布尔语义。这些特定词汇,包括
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```bash
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y|Y|yes|Yes|YES|n|N|no|No|NO|true|True|TRUE|false|False|FALSE|on|On|ON|off|Off|OFF
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```
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2019-11-05 15:35:43 +00:00
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## `expose`
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暴露端口,但不映射到宿主机,只被连接的服务访问。
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2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
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仅可以指定内部端口为参数
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2017-11-23 07:48:52 +00:00
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```yaml
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expose:
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- "3000"
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- "8000"
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```
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2019-11-05 15:35:43 +00:00
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## `external_links`
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2017-12-16 07:08:02 +00:00
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>注意:不建议使用该指令。
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链接到 `docker-compose.yml` 外部的容器,甚至并非 `Compose` 管理的外部容器。
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2017-11-23 07:48:52 +00:00
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```yaml
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external_links:
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- redis_1
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- project_db_1:mysql
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- project_db_1:postgresql
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```
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2019-11-05 15:35:43 +00:00
|
|
|
|
## `extra_hosts`
|
2017-11-23 13:25:55 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
类似 Docker 中的 `--add-host` 参数,指定额外的 host 名称映射信息。
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017-11-23 07:48:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```yaml
|
2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
extra_hosts:
|
|
|
|
|
- "googledns:8.8.8.8"
|
|
|
|
|
- "dockerhub:52.1.157.61"
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
会在启动后的服务容器中 `/etc/hosts` 文件中添加如下两条条目。
|
2017-11-23 07:48:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-11-22 03:13:23 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
8.8.8.8 googledns
|
|
|
|
|
52.1.157.61 dockerhub
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2019-11-05 15:35:43 +00:00
|
|
|
|
## `healthcheck`
|
2017-11-23 07:48:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-11-23 13:25:55 +00:00
|
|
|
|
通过命令检查容器是否健康运行。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```yaml
|
|
|
|
|
healthcheck:
|
|
|
|
|
test: ["CMD", "curl", "-f", "http://localhost"]
|
|
|
|
|
interval: 1m30s
|
|
|
|
|
timeout: 10s
|
|
|
|
|
retries: 3
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2019-11-05 15:35:43 +00:00
|
|
|
|
## `image`
|
2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2018-03-22 04:31:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
指定为镜像名称或镜像 ID。如果镜像在本地不存在,`Compose` 将会尝试拉取这个镜像。
|
2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-11-23 07:48:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```yaml
|
2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
image: ubuntu
|
|
|
|
|
image: orchardup/postgresql
|
|
|
|
|
image: a4bc65fd
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2019-11-05 15:35:43 +00:00
|
|
|
|
## `labels`
|
2017-11-23 13:25:55 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
为容器添加 Docker 元数据(metadata)信息。例如可以为容器添加辅助说明信息。
|
2017-11-23 13:25:55 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-11-23 07:48:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```yaml
|
2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
labels:
|
|
|
|
|
com.startupteam.description: "webapp for a startup team"
|
|
|
|
|
com.startupteam.department: "devops department"
|
|
|
|
|
com.startupteam.release: "rc3 for v1.0"
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2019-11-05 15:35:43 +00:00
|
|
|
|
## `links`
|
2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-12-16 07:08:02 +00:00
|
|
|
|
>注意:不推荐使用该指令。
|
2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2019-11-05 15:35:43 +00:00
|
|
|
|
## `logging`
|
2017-11-23 13:25:55 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
配置日志选项。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```yaml
|
|
|
|
|
logging:
|
|
|
|
|
driver: syslog
|
|
|
|
|
options:
|
|
|
|
|
syslog-address: "tcp://192.168.0.42:123"
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
目前支持三种日志驱动类型。
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017-11-23 07:48:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```yaml
|
2017-11-23 13:25:55 +00:00
|
|
|
|
driver: "json-file"
|
|
|
|
|
driver: "syslog"
|
|
|
|
|
driver: "none"
|
2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017-11-23 13:25:55 +00:00
|
|
|
|
`options` 配置日志驱动的相关参数。
|
2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-11-23 07:48:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```yaml
|
2017-11-23 13:25:55 +00:00
|
|
|
|
options:
|
|
|
|
|
max-size: "200k"
|
|
|
|
|
max-file: "10"
|
2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
2015-05-08 12:10:01 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2019-11-05 15:35:43 +00:00
|
|
|
|
## `network_mode`
|
2015-05-08 12:10:01 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-12-16 07:08:02 +00:00
|
|
|
|
设置网络模式。使用和 `docker run` 的 `--network` 参数一样的值。
|
2015-05-08 12:10:01 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-11-23 07:48:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```yaml
|
2017-11-23 13:25:55 +00:00
|
|
|
|
network_mode: "bridge"
|
|
|
|
|
network_mode: "host"
|
|
|
|
|
network_mode: "none"
|
|
|
|
|
network_mode: "service:[service name]"
|
|
|
|
|
network_mode: "container:[container name/id]"
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2019-11-05 15:35:43 +00:00
|
|
|
|
## `networks`
|
2017-11-23 13:25:55 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
配置容器连接的网络。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```yaml
|
|
|
|
|
version: "3"
|
|
|
|
|
services:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
some-service:
|
|
|
|
|
networks:
|
|
|
|
|
- some-network
|
|
|
|
|
- other-network
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
networks:
|
|
|
|
|
some-network:
|
|
|
|
|
other-network:
|
2015-05-08 12:10:01 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2019-11-05 15:35:43 +00:00
|
|
|
|
## `pid`
|
2017-11-23 13:25:55 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
跟主机系统共享进程命名空间。打开该选项的容器之间,以及容器和宿主机系统之间可以通过进程 ID 来相互访问和操作。
|
2015-05-10 06:56:05 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-11-23 07:48:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```yaml
|
2015-05-10 06:56:05 +00:00
|
|
|
|
pid: "host"
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2019-11-05 15:35:43 +00:00
|
|
|
|
## `ports`
|
2015-05-08 12:10:01 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
暴露端口信息。
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017-12-16 07:08:02 +00:00
|
|
|
|
使用宿主端口:容器端口 `(HOST:CONTAINER)` 格式,或者仅仅指定容器的端口(宿主将会随机选择端口)都可以。
|
2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-11-23 07:48:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```yaml
|
2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
ports:
|
|
|
|
|
- "3000"
|
|
|
|
|
- "8000:8000"
|
|
|
|
|
- "49100:22"
|
|
|
|
|
- "127.0.0.1:8001:8001"
|
2015-05-08 12:10:01 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
*注意:当使用 `HOST:CONTAINER` 格式来映射端口时,如果你使用的容器端口小于 60 并且没放到引号里,可能会得到错误结果,因为 `YAML` 会自动解析 `xx:yy` 这种数字格式为 60 进制。为避免出现这种问题,建议数字串都采用引号包括起来的字符串格式。*
|
2015-05-10 06:56:05 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2019-11-05 15:35:43 +00:00
|
|
|
|
## `secrets`
|
2017-11-23 13:25:55 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-12-16 07:08:02 +00:00
|
|
|
|
存储敏感数据,例如 `mysql` 服务密码。
|
|
|
|
|
|
2018-04-22 16:04:30 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```yaml
|
|
|
|
|
version: "3.1"
|
2017-12-16 07:08:02 +00:00
|
|
|
|
services:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
mysql:
|
|
|
|
|
image: mysql
|
|
|
|
|
environment:
|
|
|
|
|
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD_FILE: /run/secrets/db_root_password
|
|
|
|
|
secrets:
|
|
|
|
|
- db_root_password
|
|
|
|
|
- my_other_secret
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
secrets:
|
|
|
|
|
my_secret:
|
|
|
|
|
file: ./my_secret.txt
|
|
|
|
|
my_other_secret:
|
|
|
|
|
external: true
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
2017-11-23 13:25:55 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2019-11-05 15:35:43 +00:00
|
|
|
|
## `security_opt`
|
2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-11-23 13:25:55 +00:00
|
|
|
|
指定容器模板标签(label)机制的默认属性(用户、角色、类型、级别等)。例如配置标签的用户名和角色名。
|
2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-11-23 07:48:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```yaml
|
2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
security_opt:
|
|
|
|
|
- label:user:USER
|
|
|
|
|
- label:role:ROLE
|
2015-05-10 06:56:05 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2019-11-05 15:35:43 +00:00
|
|
|
|
## `stop_signal`
|
2017-11-23 13:25:55 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
设置另一个信号来停止容器。在默认情况下使用的是 SIGTERM 停止容器。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```yaml
|
|
|
|
|
stop_signal: SIGUSR1
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2019-11-05 15:35:43 +00:00
|
|
|
|
## `sysctls`
|
2017-11-23 13:25:55 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
配置容器内核参数。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```yaml
|
|
|
|
|
sysctls:
|
|
|
|
|
net.core.somaxconn: 1024
|
|
|
|
|
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies: 0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
sysctls:
|
|
|
|
|
- net.core.somaxconn=1024
|
|
|
|
|
- net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=0
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2019-11-05 15:35:43 +00:00
|
|
|
|
## `ulimits`
|
2017-11-23 13:25:55 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
指定容器的 ulimits 限制值。
|
2015-05-10 06:56:05 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
例如,指定最大进程数为 65535,指定文件句柄数为 20000(软限制,应用可以随时修改,不能超过硬限制) 和 40000(系统硬限制,只能 root 用户提高)。
|
2015-05-10 06:56:05 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-11-23 07:48:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```yaml
|
2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
ulimits:
|
|
|
|
|
nproc: 65535
|
|
|
|
|
nofile:
|
|
|
|
|
soft: 20000
|
|
|
|
|
hard: 40000
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2019-11-05 15:35:43 +00:00
|
|
|
|
## `volumes`
|
2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2019-09-01 06:46:33 +00:00
|
|
|
|
数据卷所挂载路径设置。可以设置为宿主机路径(`HOST:CONTAINER`)或者数据卷名称(`VOLUME:CONTAINER`),并且可以设置访问模式 (`HOST:CONTAINER:ro`)。
|
2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-11-23 07:48:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
该指令中路径支持相对路径。
|
2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-11-23 07:48:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```yaml
|
2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
volumes:
|
|
|
|
|
- /var/lib/mysql
|
|
|
|
|
- cache/:/tmp/cache
|
|
|
|
|
- ~/configs:/etc/configs/:ro
|
2015-05-10 06:56:05 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2019-09-01 06:46:33 +00:00
|
|
|
|
如果路径为数据卷名称,必须在文件中配置数据卷。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```yaml
|
|
|
|
|
version: "3"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
services:
|
|
|
|
|
my_src:
|
|
|
|
|
image: mysql:8.0
|
|
|
|
|
volumes:
|
|
|
|
|
- mysql_data:/var/lib/mysql
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
volumes:
|
|
|
|
|
mysql_data:
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2019-11-05 15:35:43 +00:00
|
|
|
|
## 其它指令
|
2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-11-23 07:48:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
此外,还有包括 `domainname, entrypoint, hostname, ipc, mac_address, privileged, read_only, shm_size, restart, stdin_open, tty, user, working_dir` 等指令,基本跟 `docker run` 中对应参数的功能一致。
|
2015-05-10 06:56:05 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-11-23 07:48:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
指定服务容器启动后执行的入口文件。
|
2017-11-23 13:25:55 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-11-23 07:48:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```yaml
|
2015-05-08 12:10:01 +00:00
|
|
|
|
entrypoint: /code/entrypoint.sh
|
2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
指定容器中运行应用的用户名。
|
2017-11-23 13:25:55 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-11-23 07:48:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```yaml
|
2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
user: nginx
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
指定容器中工作目录。
|
2017-11-23 13:25:55 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-11-23 07:48:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```yaml
|
2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
working_dir: /code
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
指定容器中搜索域名、主机名、mac 地址等。
|
2017-11-23 13:25:55 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-11-23 07:48:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```yaml
|
2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
domainname: your_website.com
|
|
|
|
|
hostname: test
|
|
|
|
|
mac_address: 08-00-27-00-0C-0A
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
2015-05-08 12:10:01 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
允许容器中运行一些特权命令。
|
2017-11-23 13:25:55 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-11-23 07:48:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```yaml
|
2015-05-08 12:10:01 +00:00
|
|
|
|
privileged: true
|
2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
2015-05-10 06:56:05 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
指定容器退出后的重启策略为始终重启。该命令对保持服务始终运行十分有效,在生产环境中推荐配置为 `always` 或者 `unless-stopped`。
|
2017-11-23 13:25:55 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-11-23 07:48:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```yaml
|
2015-05-10 06:56:05 +00:00
|
|
|
|
restart: always
|
2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
以只读模式挂载容器的 root 文件系统,意味着不能对容器内容进行修改。
|
2017-11-23 13:25:55 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-11-23 07:48:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```yaml
|
2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
read_only: true
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
2015-05-10 06:56:05 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
打开标准输入,可以接受外部输入。
|
2017-11-23 13:25:55 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-11-23 07:48:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```yaml
|
2015-05-10 06:56:05 +00:00
|
|
|
|
stdin_open: true
|
2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017-12-16 07:08:02 +00:00
|
|
|
|
模拟一个伪终端。
|
2017-11-23 13:25:55 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-11-23 07:48:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```yaml
|
2015-05-10 06:56:05 +00:00
|
|
|
|
tty: true
|
2015-05-08 12:10:01 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2019-11-05 15:35:43 +00:00
|
|
|
|
## 读取变量
|
2017-11-23 07:48:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-12-16 07:08:02 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Compose 模板文件支持动态读取主机的系统环境变量和当前目录下的 `.env` 文件中的变量。
|
2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-12-16 07:08:02 +00:00
|
|
|
|
例如,下面的 Compose 文件将从运行它的环境中读取变量 `${MONGO_VERSION}` 的值,并写入执行的指令中。
|
2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-11-23 07:48:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```yaml
|
2017-12-16 07:08:02 +00:00
|
|
|
|
version: "3"
|
|
|
|
|
services:
|
|
|
|
|
|
2016-12-20 07:35:52 +00:00
|
|
|
|
db:
|
|
|
|
|
image: "mongo:${MONGO_VERSION}"
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017-11-29 09:19:25 +00:00
|
|
|
|
如果执行 `MONGO_VERSION=3.2 docker-compose up` 则会启动一个 `mongo:3.2` 镜像的容器;如果执行 `MONGO_VERSION=2.8 docker-compose up` 则会启动一个 `mongo:2.8` 镜像的容器。
|
2017-12-16 07:08:02 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
若当前目录存在 `.env` 文件,执行 `docker-compose` 命令时将从该文件中读取变量。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
在当前目录新建 `.env` 文件并写入以下内容。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
|
|
|
# 支持 # 号注释
|
|
|
|
|
MONGO_VERSION=3.6
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
执行 `docker-compose up` 则会启动一个 `mongo:3.6` 镜像的容器。
|
2019-09-01 06:46:33 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2019-11-05 15:35:43 +00:00
|
|
|
|
## 参考资料
|
2019-09-01 06:46:33 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* [官方文档](https://docs.docker.com/compose/compose-file/)
|