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## Docker Registry ## Docker Registry
镜像构建完成后，可以很容易的在当前宿主机上运行，但是，如果需要在其它服务器上使用这个镜像，我们就需要一个集中的存储、分发镜像的服务，[Docker Registry](../repository/registry.md) 就是这样的服务。 After the construction of an image, we can easily run it on a host. However, if we want to use the image on other servers, we need a centralized image storage and distribution service. The [Docker Registry](../repository/registry.md) we will introduce is such a service.
一个 **Docker Registry** 中可以包含多个 **仓库**（`Repository`）；每个仓库可以包含多个 **标签**（`Tag`）；每个标签对应一个镜像。 A **Docker Registry** can contain several `Repositories`, where each repository can contain several tags and each tag corresponds to an image.
通常，一个仓库会包含同一个软件不同版本的镜像，而标签就常用于对应该软件的各个版本。我们可以通过 `<仓库名>:<标签>` 的格式来指定具体是这个软件哪个版本的镜像。如果不给出标签，将以 `latest` 作为默认标签。 Typically, a repository contains images for different versions of the same software, where each tags corresponds to different versions of the software. We can uniquely identify an image of the same software with `repository:tag`. In case not explicitly specified, `latest` is taken as default tag.
以 [Ubuntu 镜像](https://hub.docker.com/_/ubuntu) 为例，`ubuntu` 是仓库的名字，其内包含有不同的版本标签，如，`16.04`, `18.04`。我们可以通过 `ubuntu:16.04`，或者 `ubuntu:18.04` 来具体指定所需哪个版本的镜像。如果忽略了标签，比如 `ubuntu`，那将视为 `ubuntu:latest`。 Taking the [Ubuntu Image](https://hub.docker.com/_/ubuntu) as an example. `ubuntu` is the name for repository, and inside it are tags for different versions, for instance, `16.04`, `18.04`. We can use `ubuntu:16.04` or `ubuntu:18.04` to specify the particular image we want. If the tag is omitted, for example, `ubuntu`, then it will be considered as `ubuntu:latest`.
仓库名经常以 *两段式路径* 形式出现，比如 `jwilder/nginx-proxy`，前者往往意味着 Docker Registry 多用户环境下的用户名，后者则往往是对应的软件名。但这并非绝对，取决于所使用的具体 Docker Registry 的软件或服务。 Repository name is typically seperated by a forward slash(/), for example, `jwilder/nginx-proxy`, the former is to identify a particular user in a multi-user Docker Registry, while the latter corresponds to the software name. But it is not always the case. It also depends on the Docker Registry software or service you are using.
### Docker Registry 公开服务 ### Docker Registry Public Services
Docker Registry 公开服务是开放给用户使用、允许用户管理镜像的 Registry 服务。一般这类公开服务允许用户免费上传、下载公开的镜像，并可能提供收费服务供用户管理私有镜像。 `Docker Registry Public Services` are registry services open to users, allowing users to manage their images. Typically, those public services offer user free image uploads and downloads, and possibly provide charged service for privately managed images.
最常使用的 Registry 公开服务是官方的 [Docker Hub](https://hub.docker.com/)，这也是默认的 Registry，并拥有大量的高质量的官方镜像。除此以外，还有 [CoreOS](https://coreos.com/) 的 [Quay.io](https://quay.io/repository/)，CoreOS 相关的镜像存储在这里；Google 的 [Google Container Registry](https://cloud.google.com/container-registry/)，[Kubernetes](https://kubernetes.io/) 的镜像使用的就是这个服务。 The most commonly used registry public service is the official [Docker Hub](https://hub.docker.com/), which is the default registry with thousands of high quality official images. Besides, the images for [Quay.io](https://quay.io/repository/) and CoreOS of [CoreOS](https://coreos.com/) are stored there. Google's [Google Container Registry](https://cloud.google.com/container-registry/) and [Kubernetes](https://kubernetes.io/) also use this service.
由于某些原因，在国内访问这些服务可能会比较慢。国内的一些云服务商提供了针对 Docker Hub 的镜像服务（`Registry Mirror`），这些镜像服务被称为**加速器**。常见的有 [阿里云加速器](https://cr.console.aliyun.com/#/accelerator)、[DaoCloud 加速器](https://www.daocloud.io/mirror#accelerator-doc) 等。使用加速器会直接从国内的地址下载 Docker Hub 的镜像，比直接从 Docker Hub 下载速度会提高很多。在 [安装 Docker](../install/mirror.md) 一节中有详细的配置方法。 Due to some reasons knwon to all, accessing those services from China mainland is slow. There are some cloud service providers in China providing `Registry Mirror` for Docker Hub, those mirror services are called `accelerators`. The well-known ones are [Ali Cloud Image Accelerator](https://cr.console.aliyun.com/#/accelerator) and [DaoCloud Accelerator](https://www.daocloud.io/mirror#accelerator-doc). In China, downloading from these services are much faster than from Docker Hub. The detailed image source configuration tutorial is in the [Docker Installation](../install/mirror.md) section.
国内也有一些云服务商提供类似于 Docker Hub 的公开服务。比如 [时速云镜像仓库](https://hub.tenxcloud.com/)、[网易云镜像服务](https://c.163.com/hub#/m/library/)、[DaoCloud 镜像市场](https://hub.daocloud.io/)、[阿里云镜像库](https://cr.console.aliyun.com) 等。 There are also some cloud service providers that provide public services similar to Docker Hub in China. For example, [Tenxcloud Mirror Registry](https://hub.tenxcloud.com/), [NetEase Mirror Registry](https://c.163.com/hub#/m/library/), [DaoCloud Mirror Market](https://hub.daocloud.io/), [Ali Cloud Mirror Registry](https://cr.console.aliyun.com), etc.
### 私有 Docker Registry ### Private Docker Registry
除了使用公开服务外，用户还可以在本地搭建私有 Docker Registry。Docker 官方提供了 [Docker Registry](https://hub.docker.com/_/registry/) 镜像，可以直接使用做为私有 Registry 服务。在 [私有仓库](../repository/registry.md) 一节中，会有进一步的搭建私有 Registry 服务的讲解。 Apart from using public service, a user can set up private Docker Registry. Docker offical offers the [Docker Registry](https://hub.docker.com/_/registry/) docker image, which can be deployed for private registry service. We will explain how to set it up in detail in the [Private Registry](../repository/registry.md) section.
开源的 Docker Registry 镜像只提供了 [Docker Registry API](https://docs.docker.com/registry/spec/api/) 的服务端实现，足以支持 `docker` 命令，不影响使用。但不包含图形界面，以及镜像维护、用户管理、访问控制等高级功能。在官方的商业化版本 [Docker Trusted Registry](https://docs.docker.com/datacenter/dtr/2.0/) 中，提供了这些高级功能。 The open source Docker Registry image only provides the backend of [Docker Registry API](https://docs.docker.com/registry/spec/api/), which supports the `docker` commands and is enough for personal use, although the advanced functionalities like GUI(Graphical User Interface), Image Maintenance and Access Control are not supported. However, they are provided in the commercial version - [Docker Trusted Registry](https://docs.docker.com/datacenter/dtr/2.0/).
除了官方的 Docker Registry 外，还有第三方软件实现了 Docker Registry API，甚至提供了用户界面以及一些高级功能。比如，[Harbor](https://github.com/goharbor/harbor) 和 [Sonatype Nexus](../repository/nexus3_registry.md)。 Except for the official Docker Registry, there are third-party softwares that implement Docker Registry API, even with some advanced features like user interface. For example, [Harbor](https://github.com/goharbor/harbor) and [Sonatype Nexus](../repository/nexus3_registry.md).