mirror of
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Fix naming of the chapter dir
This commit is contained in:
Baohua Yang
11
14_kubernetes_setup/README.md
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11
14_kubernetes_setup/README.md
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@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
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# 部署 Kubernetes
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目前，Kubernetes 支持在多种环境下使用，包括本地主机 (Ubuntu、Debian、CentOS、Fedora 等)、云服务 ([腾讯云](https://cloud.tencent.com/act/cps/redirect?redirect=10058&cps_key=3a5255852d5db99dcd5da4c72f05df61)、[阿里云](https://www.aliyun.com/product/kubernetes?source=5176.11533457&userCode=8lx5zmtu&type=copy)、[百度云](https://cloud.baidu.com/product/cce.html)等)。
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你可以使用以下几种方式部署 Kubernetes：
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* kubeadm
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* docker-desktop
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* k3s
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接下来的小节会对以上几种方式进行详细介绍。
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45
14_kubernetes_setup/dashboard.md
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45
14_kubernetes_setup/dashboard.md
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## 14.7 Kubernetes Dashboard
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[Kubernetes Dashboard](https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard) 是基于网页的 Kubernetes 用户界面。
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### 14.7.1 部署
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执行以下命令即可部署 Dashboard：
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```bash
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kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.0/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
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```
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### 14.7.2 访问
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通过命令行代理访问，执行以下命令：
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```bash
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$ kubectl proxy
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```
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到 http://localhost:8001/api/v1/namespaces/kubernetes-dashboard/services/https:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/ 即可访问。
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### 14.7.3 登录
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目前，Dashboard 仅支持使用 Bearer 令牌登录。下面教大家如何创建该令牌：
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```bash
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$ kubectl create sa dashboard-admin -n kube-system
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$ kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-admin
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$ ADMIN_SECRET=$(kubectl get secrets -n kube-system | grep dashboard-admin | awk '{print $1}')
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$ DASHBOARD_LOGIN_TOKEN=$(kubectl describe secret -n kube-system ${ADMIN_SECRET} | grep -E '^token' | awk '{print $2}')
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echo ${DASHBOARD_LOGIN_TOKEN}
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```
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将结果粘贴到登录页面，即可登录。
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### 14.7.4 参考文档
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* [官方文档](https://kubernetes.io/zh/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/web-ui-dashboard/)
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21
14_kubernetes_setup/docker-desktop.md
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21
14_kubernetes_setup/docker-desktop.md
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## 14.3 Docker Desktop 启用 Kubernetes
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使用 Docker Desktop 可以很方便的启用 Kubernetes。
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### 14.3.1 启用 Kubernetes
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在 Docker Desktop 设置页面，点击 `Kubernetes`，选择 `Enable Kubernetes`，稍等片刻，看到左下方 `Kubernetes` 变为 `running`，Kubernetes 启动成功。
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> 注意：Kubernetes 的镜像存储在 `registry.k8s.io`，如果国内网络无法直接访问，可以在 Docker Desktop 配置中的 `Docker Engine` 处配置镜像加速器，或者利用国内云服务商的镜像仓库手动拉取镜像并 retag。
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### 14.3.2 测试
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运行以下命令：
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```bash
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$ kubectl version
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```
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如果正常输出信息，则证明 Kubernetes 成功启动。
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60
14_kubernetes_setup/k3s.md
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60
14_kubernetes_setup/k3s.md
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## 14.5 K3s - 轻量级 Kubernetes
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[K3s](https://k3s.io/) 是一个轻量级的 Kubernetes 发行版，由 Rancher Labs 开发。它专为边缘计算、物联网、CI、ARM 等资源受限的环境设计。K3s 被打包为单个二进制文件，只有不到 100MB，但通过了 CNCF 的一致性测试。
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### 14.5.1 核心特性
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* **轻量级**：移除过时的、非必须的 Kubernetes 功能 (如传统的云提供商插件)，使用 SQLite 作为默认数据存储 (也支持 Etcd/MySQL/Postgres)。
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* **单一二进制**：所有组件 (API Server，Controller Manager，Scheduler，Kubelet，Kube-proxy) 打包在一个进程中运行。
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* **开箱即用**：内置 Helm Controller、Traefik Ingress controller、ServiceLB、Local-Path-Provisioner。
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* **安全**：默认启用安全配置，基于 TLS 通信。
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### 14.5.2 安装
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K3s 的安装非常简单，官方提供了便捷的安装脚本。
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#### 脚本安装
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K3s 提供了极为便捷的安装脚本：
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```bash
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curl -sfL https://get.k3s.io | sh -
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```
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安装完成后，K3s 会自动启动并配置好 `systemd` 服务。
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#### 查看状态
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运行以下命令：
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```bash
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sudo k3s kubectl get nodes
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```
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输出类似：
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```bash
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NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
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k3s-master Ready control-plane,master 1m v1.35.1+k3s1
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```
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### 14.5.3 快速使用
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K3s 内置了 `kubectl` 命令 (通过 `k3s kubectl` 调用)，为了方便，通常会建立别名或配置 `KUBECONFIG`。
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```bash
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## 读取 K3s 的配置文件
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export KUBECONFIG=/etc/rancher/k3s/k3s.yaml
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## 现在可以直接使用 kubectl
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kubectl get pods -A
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```
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### 14.5.4 清理卸载
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运行以下命令：
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```bash
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/usr/local/bin/k3s-uninstall.sh
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```
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90
14_kubernetes_setup/kind.md
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90
14_kubernetes_setup/kind.md
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## 14.4 Kind - Kubernetes IN Docker
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[Kind](https://kind.sigs.k8s.io/) (Kubernetes in Docker) 是一个使用 Docker 容器作为节点运行本地 Kubernetes 集群的工具。主要用于测试 Kubernetes 本身，也非常适合本地开发和 CI 环境。
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### 14.4.1 为什么选择 Kind
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Kind 相比其他本地集群方案 (如 Minikube) 有以下显著优势：
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|
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* **轻量便捷**：只要有 Docker 环境即可，无需额外虚拟机。
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* **多集群支持**：可以轻松在本地启动多个集群。
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* **多版本支持**：支持指定 Kubernetes 版本进行测试。
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* **HA 支持**：支持模拟高可用集群 (多 Control Plane)。
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### 14.4.2 安装 Kind
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Kind 是一个二进制文件，并在 PATH 中即可使用。以下是不同系统的安装方法。
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#### macOS
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运行以下命令：
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|
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```bash
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brew install kind
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```
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#### Linux / Windows
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可以下载二进制文件：
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```bash
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## Linux AMD64
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curl -Lo ./kind https://kind.sigs.k8s.io/dl/v0.20.0/kind-linux-amd64
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chmod +x ./kind
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sudo mv ./kind /usr/local/bin/kind
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```
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### 14.4.3 创建集群
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最简单的创建方式：
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```bash
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kind create cluster
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```
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指定集群名称：
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```bash
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kind create cluster --name my-cluster
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```
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### 14.4.4 与集群交互
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Kind 会自动将 kubeconfig 合并到 `~/.kube/config`。
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```bash
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kubectl cluster-info --context kind-kind
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kubectl get nodes
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```
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### 14.4.5 高级用法：配置集群
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创建一个 `kind-config.yaml` 来定制集群，例如映射端口到宿主机：
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```yaml
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kind: Cluster
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apiVersion: kind.x-k8s.io/v1alpha4
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nodes:
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- role: control-plane
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extraPortMappings:
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- containerPort: 80
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hostPort: 8080
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protocol: TCP
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- role: worker
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- role: worker
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```
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应用配置：
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```bash
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kind create cluster --config kind-config.yaml
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```
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### 14.4.6 删除集群
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运行以下命令：
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```bash
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kind delete cluster
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```
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258
14_kubernetes_setup/kubeadm-docker.md
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258
14_kubernetes_setup/kubeadm-docker.md
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## 14.2 使用 kubeadm 部署 Kubernetes (使用 Docker)
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`kubeadm` 提供了 `kubeadm init` 以及 `kubeadm join` 这两个命令，作为快速创建 `Kubernetes` 集群的最佳实践。
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> ⚠️ **重要说明**：自 Kubernetes 1.24 起，内置 `dockershim` 已被移除，Kubernetes 默认不再直接使用 Docker Engine 作为容器运行时 (CRI)。因此，**更推荐参考** 同目录下的《[使用 kubeadm 部署 Kubernetes (CRI 使用 containerd)](kubeadm.md)》。
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>
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> 本文档主要用于历史环境/学习目的：如果你确实需要在较新版本中继续使用 Docker Engine，通常需要额外部署 `cri-dockerd` 并在 `kubeadm init/join` 中指定 `--cri-socket`。
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### 14.2.1 安装 Docker
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参考[安装 Docker](../../03_install/README.md) 一节安装 Docker。
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### 14.2.2 安装 **kubelet****kubeadm****kubectl**
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需要在每台机器上安装以下的软件包：
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|
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#### Ubuntu/Debian
|
||||
|
||||
运行以下命令：
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ K8S_MINOR="v1.35"
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get update
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install -y ca-certificates curl gpg
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
|
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$ curl -fsSL "https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/${K8S_MINOR}/deb/Release.key" | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg
|
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$ sudo chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg
|
||||
|
||||
$ echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg] https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/${K8S_MINOR}/deb/ /" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list > /dev/null
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get update
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectl
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### CentOS/Fedora
|
||||
|
||||
运行以下命令：
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ K8S_MINOR="v1.35"
|
||||
|
||||
$ cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
|
||||
[kubernetes]
|
||||
name=Kubernetes
|
||||
baseurl=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/${K8S_MINOR}/rpm/
|
||||
enabled=1
|
||||
gpgcheck=1
|
||||
repo_gpgcheck=1
|
||||
gpgkey=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/${K8S_MINOR}/rpm/repodata/repomd.xml.key
|
||||
EOF
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 14.2.3 修改内核的运行参数
|
||||
|
||||
本节涵盖了相关内容与详细描述，主要探讨以下几个方面：
|
||||
|
||||
#### 加载内核模块
|
||||
|
||||
运行以下命令：
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/k8s.conf
|
||||
overlay
|
||||
br_netfilter
|
||||
EOF
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo modprobe overlay
|
||||
$ sudo modprobe br_netfilter
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 禁用 swap (必须)
|
||||
|
||||
kubelet 默认要求禁用 swap，否则可能导致初始化失败或节点无法加入集群。
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ sudo swapoff -a
|
||||
|
||||
## 如需永久禁用，可在 /etc/fstab 中注释 swap 对应行
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
运行以下命令：
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/99-kubernetes-cri.conf
|
||||
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
|
||||
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
|
||||
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
|
||||
EOF
|
||||
|
||||
## 应用配置
|
||||
|
||||
$ sysctl --system
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 14.2.4 配置 kubelet
|
||||
|
||||
为了让 kubelet 正确运行，我们需要对其进行一些必要的配置。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 概述
|
||||
|
||||
总体概述了以下内容。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 修改 `kubelet.service`
|
||||
|
||||
`/etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-proxy-ipvs.conf` 写入以下内容
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
## 启用 ipvs 相关内核模块
|
||||
|
||||
[Service]
|
||||
ExecStartPre=-/sbin/modprobe ip_vs
|
||||
ExecStartPre=-/sbin/modprobe ip_vs_rr
|
||||
ExecStartPre=-/sbin/modprobe ip_vs_wrr
|
||||
ExecStartPre=-/sbin/modprobe ip_vs_sh
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
执行以下命令应用配置。
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ sudo systemctl daemon-reload
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 14.2.5 部署
|
||||
|
||||
安装配置完成后，我们将分别在 Master 节点和 Worker 节点上进行部署操作。
|
||||
|
||||
#### master
|
||||
|
||||
运行以下命令：
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ sudo kubeadm init --image-repository registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
|
||||
--pod-network-cidr 10.244.0.0/16 \
|
||||
--v 5 \
|
||||
--ignore-preflight-errors=all
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
* `--pod-network-cidr 10.244.0.0/16` 参数与后续 CNI 插件有关，这里以 `flannel` 为例，若后续部署其他类型的网络插件请更改此参数。
|
||||
|
||||
> 执行可能出现错误，例如缺少依赖包，根据提示安装即可。
|
||||
|
||||
执行成功会输出
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
...
|
||||
[addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS
|
||||
I1116 12:35:13.270407 86677 request.go:538] Throttling request took 181.409184ms, request: POST:https://192.168.199.100:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/serviceaccounts
|
||||
I1116 12:35:13.470292 86677 request.go:538] Throttling request took 186.088112ms, request: POST:https://192.168.199.100:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/configmaps
|
||||
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy
|
||||
|
||||
Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!
|
||||
|
||||
To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
|
||||
|
||||
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
|
||||
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
|
||||
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
|
||||
|
||||
You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
|
||||
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
|
||||
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
|
||||
|
||||
Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
|
||||
|
||||
kubeadm join 192.168.199.100:6443 --token cz81zt.orsy9gm9v649e5lf \
|
||||
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:5edb316fd0d8ea2792cba15cdf1c899a366f147aa03cba52d4e5c5884ad836fe
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### node 工作节点
|
||||
|
||||
在 **另一主机** 重复 **部署** 小节以前的步骤，安装配置好 kubelet。根据提示，加入到集群。
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ kubeadm join 192.168.199.100:6443 --token cz81zt.orsy9gm9v649e5lf \
|
||||
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:5edb316fd0d8ea2792cba15cdf1c899a366f147aa03cba52d4e5c5884ad836fe
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 14.2.6 查看服务
|
||||
|
||||
所有服务启动后，查看本地实际运行的 Docker 容器。这些服务大概分为三类：主节点服务、工作节点服务和其它服务。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 主节点服务
|
||||
|
||||
* `apiserver` 是整个系统的对外接口，提供 RESTful 方式供客户端和其它组件调用；
|
||||
|
||||
* `scheduler` 负责对资源进行调度，分配某个 pod 到某个节点上；
|
||||
|
||||
* `controller-manager` 负责管理控制器，包括 endpoint-controller (刷新服务和 pod 的关联信息) 和 replication-controller (维护某个 pod 的复制为配置的数值)。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 工作节点服务
|
||||
|
||||
* `proxy` 为 pod 上的服务提供访问的代理。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 其它服务
|
||||
|
||||
* Etcd 是所有状态的存储数据库；
|
||||
|
||||
### 14.2.7 使用
|
||||
|
||||
将 `/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf` 复制到 `~/.kube/config`
|
||||
|
||||
执行 `$ kubectl get all -A` 查看启动的服务。
|
||||
|
||||
由于未部署 CNI 插件，CoreDNS 未正常启动。如何使用 Kubernetes，请参考后续章节。
|
||||
|
||||
### 14.2.8 部署 CNI
|
||||
|
||||
这里以 `flannel` 为例进行介绍。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 概述
|
||||
|
||||
总体概述了以下内容。
|
||||
|
||||
#### flannel
|
||||
|
||||
检查 podCIDR 设置
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ kubectl get node -o yaml | grep CIDR
|
||||
|
||||
## 输出
|
||||
|
||||
podCIDR: 10.244.0.0/16
|
||||
podCIDRs:
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/flannel-io/flannel/v0.26.1/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 14.2.9 master 节点默认不能运行 pod
|
||||
|
||||
如果用 `kubeadm` 部署一个单节点集群，默认情况下无法使用，请执行以下命令解除限制
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ kubectl taint nodes --all node-role.kubernetes.io/master-
|
||||
|
||||
## 部分较新版本使用 control-plane taint
|
||||
|
||||
## $ kubectl taint nodes --all node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane-
|
||||
|
||||
## 恢复默认值
|
||||
|
||||
## $ kubectl taint nodes NODE_NAME node-role.kubernetes.io/master=true:NoSchedule
|
||||
|
||||
...
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 14.2.10 参考文档
|
||||
|
||||
* [官方文档](https://kubernetes.io/zh/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/kubeadm/install-kubeadm/)
|
||||
493
14_kubernetes_setup/kubeadm.md
Normal file
493
14_kubernetes_setup/kubeadm.md
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,493 @@
|
||||
## 14.1 使用 kubeadm 部署 Kubernetes (CRI 使用 containerd)
|
||||
|
||||
`kubeadm` 提供了 `kubeadm init` 以及 `kubeadm join` 这两个命令，作为快速创建 `Kubernetes` 集群的最佳实践。
|
||||
|
||||
> **版本说明**：Kubernetes 版本更新较快 (约每 4 个月一个新版本)，本文档基于 Kubernetes 1.35 编写。请访问 [Kubernetes 官方发布页](https://kubernetes.io/releases/)获取最新版本信息。
|
||||
|
||||
### 14.1.1 安装 containerd
|
||||
|
||||
参考[安装 Docker](../../03_install/README.md) 一节添加 apt/yum 源，之后执行如下命令。
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
## debian 系
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt install containerd.io
|
||||
|
||||
## rhel 系
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo yum install containerd.io
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 14.1.2 配置 containerd
|
||||
|
||||
新建 `/etc/systemd/system/cri-containerd.service` 文件
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
[Unit]
|
||||
Description=containerd container runtime for kubernetes
|
||||
Documentation=https://containerd.io
|
||||
After=network.target local-fs.target
|
||||
|
||||
[Service]
|
||||
ExecStartPre=-/sbin/modprobe overlay
|
||||
ExecStart=/usr/bin/containerd --config /etc/cri-containerd/config.toml
|
||||
|
||||
Type=notify
|
||||
Delegate=yes
|
||||
KillMode=process
|
||||
Restart=always
|
||||
RestartSec=5
|
||||
## Having non-zero Limit*s causes performance problems due to accounting overhead
|
||||
|
||||
## in the kernel. We recommend using cgroups to do container-local accounting.
|
||||
|
||||
LimitNPROC=infinity
|
||||
LimitCORE=infinity
|
||||
LimitNOFILE=infinity
|
||||
## Comment TasksMax if your systemd version does not supports it.
|
||||
|
||||
## Only systemd 226 and above support this version.
|
||||
|
||||
TasksMax=infinity
|
||||
OOMScoreAdjust=-999
|
||||
|
||||
[Install]
|
||||
WantedBy=multi-user.target
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
新建 `/etc/cri-containerd/config.toml` containerd 配置文件
|
||||
|
||||
```toml
|
||||
version = 2
|
||||
## persistent data location
|
||||
|
||||
root = "/var/lib/cri-containerd"
|
||||
## runtime state information
|
||||
|
||||
state = "/run/cri-containerd"
|
||||
plugin_dir = ""
|
||||
disabled_plugins = []
|
||||
required_plugins = []
|
||||
## set containerd's OOM score
|
||||
|
||||
oom_score = 0
|
||||
|
||||
[grpc]
|
||||
address = "/run/cri-containerd/cri-containerd.sock"
|
||||
tcp_address = ""
|
||||
tcp_tls_cert = ""
|
||||
tcp_tls_key = ""
|
||||
# socket uid
|
||||
|
||||
uid = 0
|
||||
# socket gid
|
||||
|
||||
gid = 0
|
||||
max_recv_message_size = 16777216
|
||||
max_send_message_size = 16777216
|
||||
|
||||
[debug]
|
||||
address = ""
|
||||
format = "json"
|
||||
uid = 0
|
||||
gid = 0
|
||||
level = ""
|
||||
|
||||
[metrics]
|
||||
address = "127.0.0.1:1338"
|
||||
grpc_histogram = false
|
||||
|
||||
[cgroup]
|
||||
path = ""
|
||||
|
||||
[timeouts]
|
||||
"io.containerd.timeout.shim.cleanup" = "5s"
|
||||
"io.containerd.timeout.shim.load" = "5s"
|
||||
"io.containerd.timeout.shim.shutdown" = "3s"
|
||||
"io.containerd.timeout.task.state" = "2s"
|
||||
|
||||
[plugins]
|
||||
[plugins."io.containerd.gc.v1.scheduler"]
|
||||
pause_threshold = 0.02
|
||||
deletion_threshold = 0
|
||||
mutation_threshold = 100
|
||||
schedule_delay = "0s"
|
||||
startup_delay = "100ms"
|
||||
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri"]
|
||||
disable_tcp_service = true
|
||||
stream_server_address = "127.0.0.1"
|
||||
stream_server_port = "0"
|
||||
stream_idle_timeout = "4h0m0s"
|
||||
enable_selinux = false
|
||||
selinux_category_range = 1024
|
||||
sandbox_image = "registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.10"
|
||||
stats_collect_period = 10
|
||||
# systemd_cgroup = false
|
||||
|
||||
enable_tls_streaming = false
|
||||
max_container_log_line_size = 16384
|
||||
disable_cgroup = false
|
||||
disable_apparmor = false
|
||||
restrict_oom_score_adj = false
|
||||
max_concurrent_downloads = 3
|
||||
disable_proc_mount = false
|
||||
unset_seccomp_profile = ""
|
||||
tolerate_missing_hugetlb_controller = true
|
||||
disable_hugetlb_controller = true
|
||||
ignore_image_defined_volumes = false
|
||||
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd]
|
||||
snapshotter = "overlayfs"
|
||||
default_runtime_name = "runc"
|
||||
no_pivot = false
|
||||
disable_snapshot_annotations = false
|
||||
discard_unpacked_layers = false
|
||||
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes]
|
||||
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc]
|
||||
runtime_type = "io.containerd.runc.v2"
|
||||
pod_annotations = []
|
||||
container_annotations = []
|
||||
privileged_without_host_devices = false
|
||||
base_runtime_spec = ""
|
||||
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc.options]
|
||||
# SystemdCgroup enables systemd cgroups.
|
||||
|
||||
SystemdCgroup = true
|
||||
# BinaryName is the binary name of the runc binary.
|
||||
|
||||
# BinaryName = "runc"
|
||||
|
||||
# BinaryName = "crun"
|
||||
|
||||
# NoPivotRoot disables pivot root when creating a container.
|
||||
|
||||
# NoPivotRoot = false
|
||||
|
||||
# NoNewKeyring disables new keyring for the container.
|
||||
|
||||
# NoNewKeyring = false
|
||||
|
||||
# ShimCgroup places the shim in a cgroup.
|
||||
|
||||
# ShimCgroup = ""
|
||||
|
||||
# IoUid sets the I/O's pipes uid.
|
||||
|
||||
# IoUid = 0
|
||||
|
||||
# IoGid sets the I/O's pipes gid.
|
||||
|
||||
# IoGid = 0
|
||||
|
||||
# Root is the runc root directory.
|
||||
|
||||
Root = ""
|
||||
|
||||
# CriuPath is the criu binary path.
|
||||
|
||||
# CriuPath = ""
|
||||
|
||||
# CriuImagePath is the criu image path
|
||||
|
||||
# CriuImagePath = ""
|
||||
|
||||
# CriuWorkPath is the criu work path.
|
||||
|
||||
# CriuWorkPath = ""
|
||||
|
||||
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".cni]
|
||||
bin_dir = "/opt/cni/bin"
|
||||
conf_dir = "/etc/cni/net.d"
|
||||
max_conf_num = 1
|
||||
conf_template = ""
|
||||
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry]
|
||||
config_path = "/etc/cri-containerd/certs.d"
|
||||
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.headers]
|
||||
# Foo = ["bar"]
|
||||
|
||||
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".image_decryption]
|
||||
key_model = ""
|
||||
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".x509_key_pair_streaming]
|
||||
tls_cert_file = ""
|
||||
tls_key_file = ""
|
||||
[plugins."io.containerd.internal.v1.opt"]
|
||||
path = "/opt/cri-containerd"
|
||||
[plugins."io.containerd.internal.v1.restart"]
|
||||
interval = "10s"
|
||||
[plugins."io.containerd.metadata.v1.bolt"]
|
||||
content_sharing_policy = "shared"
|
||||
[plugins."io.containerd.monitor.v1.cgroups"]
|
||||
no_prometheus = false
|
||||
[plugins."io.containerd.runtime.v2.task"]
|
||||
platforms = ["linux/amd64"]
|
||||
[plugins."io.containerd.service.v1.diff-service"]
|
||||
default = ["walking"]
|
||||
[plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.devmapper"]
|
||||
root_path = ""
|
||||
pool_name = ""
|
||||
base_image_size = ""
|
||||
async_remove = false
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 14.1.3 安装 **kubelet****kubeadm****kubectl****cri-tools****kubernetes-cni**
|
||||
|
||||
需要在每台机器上安装以下的软件包：
|
||||
|
||||
#### Ubuntu/Debian
|
||||
|
||||
运行以下命令：
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ K8S_MINOR="v1.35"
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get update
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install -y ca-certificates curl gpg
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
|
||||
$ curl -fsSL "https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/${K8S_MINOR}/deb/Release.key" | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg
|
||||
$ sudo chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg
|
||||
|
||||
$ echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg] https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/${K8S_MINOR}/deb/ /" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list > /dev/null
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get update
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl cri-tools kubernetes-cni
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectl
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### CentOS/Fedora
|
||||
|
||||
运行以下命令：
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ K8S_MINOR="v1.35"
|
||||
|
||||
$ cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
|
||||
[kubernetes]
|
||||
name=Kubernetes
|
||||
baseurl=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/${K8S_MINOR}/rpm/
|
||||
enabled=1
|
||||
gpgcheck=1
|
||||
repo_gpgcheck=1
|
||||
gpgkey=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/${K8S_MINOR}/rpm/repodata/repomd.xml.key
|
||||
EOF
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl cri-tools kubernetes-cni
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 14.1.4 修改内核的运行参数
|
||||
|
||||
本节涵盖了相关内容与详细描述，主要探讨以下几个方面：
|
||||
|
||||
#### 加载内核模块
|
||||
|
||||
运行以下命令：
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/k8s.conf
|
||||
overlay
|
||||
br_netfilter
|
||||
EOF
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo modprobe overlay
|
||||
$ sudo modprobe br_netfilter
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 禁用 swap (必须)
|
||||
|
||||
kubelet 默认要求禁用 swap，否则可能导致初始化失败或节点无法加入集群。
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ sudo swapoff -a
|
||||
|
||||
## 如需永久禁用，可在 /etc/fstab 中注释 swap 对应行
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
运行以下命令：
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/99-kubernetes-cri.conf
|
||||
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
|
||||
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
|
||||
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
|
||||
EOF
|
||||
|
||||
## 应用配置
|
||||
|
||||
$ sysctl --system
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 14.1.5 配置 kubelet
|
||||
|
||||
为了让 kubelet 正确运行，我们需要对其进行一些必要的配置。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 概述
|
||||
|
||||
总体概述了以下内容。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 修改 `kubelet.service`
|
||||
|
||||
`/etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-proxy-ipvs.conf` 写入以下内容
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
## 启用 ipvs 相关内核模块
|
||||
|
||||
[Service]
|
||||
ExecStartPre=-/sbin/modprobe ip_vs
|
||||
ExecStartPre=-/sbin/modprobe ip_vs_rr
|
||||
ExecStartPre=-/sbin/modprobe ip_vs_wrr
|
||||
ExecStartPre=-/sbin/modprobe ip_vs_sh
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
执行以下命令应用配置。
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ sudo systemctl daemon-reload
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 14.1.6 部署
|
||||
|
||||
安装配置完成后，我们将分别在 Master 节点和 Worker 节点上进行部署操作。
|
||||
|
||||
#### master
|
||||
|
||||
运行以下命令：
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ systemctl enable cri-containerd
|
||||
|
||||
$ systemctl start cri-containerd
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo kubeadm init \
|
||||
--image-repository registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
|
||||
--pod-network-cidr 10.244.0.0/16 \
|
||||
--cri-socket /run/cri-containerd/cri-containerd.sock \
|
||||
--v 5 \
|
||||
--ignore-preflight-errors=all
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
* `--pod-network-cidr 10.244.0.0/16` 参数与后续 CNI 插件有关，这里以 `flannel` 为例，若后续部署其他类型的网络插件请更改此参数。
|
||||
|
||||
> 执行可能出现错误，例如缺少依赖包，根据提示安装即可。
|
||||
|
||||
执行成功会输出
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
...
|
||||
[addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS
|
||||
I1116 12:35:13.270407 86677 request.go:538] Throttling request took 181.409184ms, request: POST:https://192.168.199.100:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/serviceaccounts
|
||||
I1116 12:35:13.470292 86677 request.go:538] Throttling request took 186.088112ms, request: POST:https://192.168.199.100:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/configmaps
|
||||
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy
|
||||
|
||||
Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!
|
||||
|
||||
To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
|
||||
|
||||
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
|
||||
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
|
||||
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
|
||||
|
||||
You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
|
||||
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
|
||||
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
|
||||
|
||||
Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
|
||||
|
||||
kubeadm join 192.168.199.100:6443 --token cz81zt.orsy9gm9v649e5lf \
|
||||
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:5edb316fd0d8ea2792cba15cdf1c899a366f147aa03cba52d4e5c5884ad836fe
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### node 工作节点
|
||||
|
||||
在 **另一主机** 重复 **部署** 小节以前的步骤，安装配置好 kubelet。根据提示，加入到集群。
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ systemctl enable cri-containerd
|
||||
|
||||
$ systemctl start cri-containerd
|
||||
|
||||
$ kubeadm join 192.168.199.100:6443 \
|
||||
--token cz81zt.orsy9gm9v649e5lf \
|
||||
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:5edb316fd0d8ea2792cba15cdf1c899a366f147aa03cba52d4e5c5884ad836fe \
|
||||
--cri-socket /run/cri-containerd/cri-containerd.sock
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 14.1.7 查看服务
|
||||
|
||||
所有服务启动后，通过 `crictl` 查看本地实际运行的容器。这些服务大概分为三类：主节点服务、工作节点服务和其它服务。
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
CONTAINER_RUNTIME_ENDPOINT=/run/cri-containerd/cri-containerd.sock crictl ps -a
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 主节点服务
|
||||
|
||||
* `apiserver` 是整个系统的对外接口，提供 RESTful 方式供客户端和其它组件调用；
|
||||
|
||||
* `scheduler` 负责对资源进行调度，分配某个 pod 到某个节点上；
|
||||
|
||||
* `controller-manager` 负责管理控制器，包括 endpoint-controller (刷新服务和 pod 的关联信息) 和 replication-controller (维护某个 pod 的复制为配置的数值)。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 工作节点服务
|
||||
|
||||
* `proxy` 为 pod 上的服务提供访问的代理。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 其它服务
|
||||
|
||||
* Etcd 是所有状态的存储数据库；
|
||||
|
||||
### 14.1.8 使用
|
||||
|
||||
将 `/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf` 复制到 `~/.kube/config`
|
||||
|
||||
执行 `$ kubectl get all -A` 查看启动的服务。
|
||||
|
||||
由于未部署 CNI 插件，CoreDNS 未正常启动。如何使用 Kubernetes，请参考后续章节。
|
||||
|
||||
### 14.1.9 部署 CNI
|
||||
|
||||
这里以 `flannel` 为例进行介绍。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 概述
|
||||
|
||||
总体概述了以下内容。
|
||||
|
||||
#### flannel
|
||||
|
||||
检查 podCIDR 设置
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ kubectl get node -o yaml | grep CIDR
|
||||
|
||||
## 输出
|
||||
|
||||
podCIDR: 10.244.0.0/16
|
||||
podCIDRs:
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/flannel-io/flannel/v0.26.1/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 14.1.10 master 节点默认不能运行 pod
|
||||
|
||||
如果用 `kubeadm` 部署一个单节点集群，默认情况下无法使用，请执行以下命令解除限制
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ kubectl taint nodes --all node-role.kubernetes.io/master-
|
||||
|
||||
## 部分较新版本使用 control-plane taint
|
||||
|
||||
## $ kubectl taint nodes --all node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane-
|
||||
|
||||
## 恢复默认值
|
||||
|
||||
## $ kubectl taint nodes NODE_NAME node-role.kubernetes.io/master=true:NoSchedule
|
||||
|
||||
...
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 14.1.11 参考文档
|
||||
|
||||
* [官方文档](https://kubernetes.io/zh/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/kubeadm/install-kubeadm/)
|
||||
* [Container runtimes](https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/production-environment/container-runtimes/#containerd)
|
||||
81
14_kubernetes_setup/kubectl.md
Normal file
81
14_kubernetes_setup/kubectl.md
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
|
||||
# kubectl 使用
|
||||
|
||||
[kubectl](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes) 是 Kubernetes 自带的客户端，可以用它来直接操作 Kubernetes。
|
||||
|
||||
使用格式有两种：
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
kubectl [flags]
|
||||
kubectl [command]
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## 14.8 get
|
||||
|
||||
显示一个或多个资源
|
||||
|
||||
## 14.8 describe
|
||||
|
||||
显示资源详情
|
||||
|
||||
## 14.8 create
|
||||
|
||||
从文件或标准输入创建资源
|
||||
|
||||
## 14.8 update
|
||||
|
||||
从文件或标准输入更新资源
|
||||
|
||||
## 14.8 delete
|
||||
|
||||
通过文件名、标准输入、资源名或者 label selector 删除资源
|
||||
|
||||
## 14.8 logs
|
||||
|
||||
输出 pod 中一个容器的日志
|
||||
|
||||
## 14.8 rollout
|
||||
|
||||
对 Deployment 等资源执行滚动更新/回滚
|
||||
|
||||
## 14.8 exec
|
||||
|
||||
在容器内部执行命令
|
||||
|
||||
## 14.8 port-forward
|
||||
|
||||
将本地端口转发到 Pod
|
||||
|
||||
## 14.8 proxy
|
||||
|
||||
为 Kubernetes API server 启动代理服务器
|
||||
|
||||
## 14.8 run
|
||||
|
||||
在集群中使用指定镜像启动容器
|
||||
|
||||
## 14.8 expose
|
||||
|
||||
将 replication controller service 或 pod 暴露为新的 Kubernetes service
|
||||
|
||||
## 14.8 label
|
||||
|
||||
更新资源的 label
|
||||
|
||||
## 14.8 config
|
||||
|
||||
修改 Kubernetes 配置文件
|
||||
|
||||
## 14.8 cluster-info
|
||||
|
||||
显示集群信息
|
||||
|
||||
## 14.8 api-versions
|
||||
|
||||
以 “组/版本” 的格式输出服务端支持的 API 版本
|
||||
|
||||
## 14.8 version
|
||||
|
||||
输出服务端和客户端的版本信息
|
||||
|
||||
## 14.8 help
|
||||
|
||||
显示各个命令的帮助信息
|
||||
17
14_kubernetes_setup/summary.md
Normal file
17
14_kubernetes_setup/summary.md
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
|
||||
## 14.9 本章小结
|
||||
|
||||
部署 Kubernetes 集群有多种方式，应根据使用场景选择合适的方案。
|
||||
|
||||
| 部署方式 | 适用场景 | 特点 |
|
||||
|---------|---------|------|
|
||||
| **kubeadm** | 生产环境 | 官方推荐的集群部署工具 |
|
||||
| **Docker Desktop** | 本地开发 | 一键启用，开箱即用 |
|
||||
| **Kind** | CI/CD 测试 | Kubernetes IN Docker，快速创建集群 |
|
||||
| **K3s** | 边缘计算/IoT | 轻量级，资源占用少 |
|
||||
| **手动部署** | 学习原理 | 逐步配置每个组件，加深理解 |
|
||||
|
||||
### 14.9.1 延伸阅读
|
||||
|
||||
- [容器编排基础](../13_kubernetes_concepts/README.md)：Kubernetes 核心概念
|
||||
- [Dashboard](dashboard.md)：部署可视化管理界面
|
||||
- [kubectl](kubectl.md)：命令行工具使用指南
|
||||
3
14_kubernetes_setup/systemd.md
Normal file
3
14_kubernetes_setup/systemd.md
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
|
||||
## 14.6 一步步部署 Kubernetes 集群
|
||||
|
||||
可以参考 [opsnull/follow-me-install-kubernetes-cluster](https://github.com/opsnull/follow-me-install-kubernetes-cluster) 项目一步步部署 Kubernetes 集群。
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user