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03_install/3.4_centos.md
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03_install/3.4_centos.md
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## CentOS 安装 Docker
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>警告:切勿在没有配置 Docker YUM 源的情况下直接使用 yum 命令安装 Docker.
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### 准备工作
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#### 系统要求
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> ⚠️ **重要提示**:CentOS 8 已于 2021 年 12 月 31 日停止维护,CentOS 7 已于 2024 年 6 月 30 日结束支持。建议新项目使用 **Rocky Linux** 或 **AlmaLinux** 作为替代。
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Docker 支持 64 位版本 CentOS Stream 9、Rocky Linux 8/9、AlmaLinux 8/9,并且要求内核版本不低于 3.10。
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对于 Rocky Linux、AlmaLinux 或 CentOS Stream,推荐使用 `dnf` 包管理器。
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#### 卸载旧版本
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旧版本的 Docker 称为 `docker` 或者 `docker-engine`,使用以下命令卸载旧版本:
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```bash
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$ sudo yum remove docker \
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docker-client \
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docker-client-latest \
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docker-common \
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docker-latest \
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docker-latest-logrotate \
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docker-logrotate \
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docker-selinux \
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docker-engine-selinux \
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docker-engine \
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docker-ce-cli \
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containerd.io
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```
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### 使用 yum 安装
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执行以下命令安装依赖包:
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```bash
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$ sudo dnf install -y dnf-utils
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```
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鉴于国内网络问题,强烈建议使用国内源,官方源请在注释中查看。
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执行下面的命令添加 `yum` 软件源:
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```bash
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$ sudo dnf config-manager \
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--add-repo \
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https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
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$ sudo sed -i 's/download.docker.com/mirrors.aliyun.com\/docker-ce/g' /etc/dnf.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
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## 官方源
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## $ sudo dnf config-manager \
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## --add-repo \
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## https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
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```
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如果需要测试版本的 Docker 请执行以下命令:
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```bash
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$ sudo dnf config-manager --enable docker-ce-test
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```
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#### 安装 Docker
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更新 `dnf` 软件源缓存,并安装 `docker-ce`。
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```bash
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$ sudo dnf install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
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```
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### CentOS8 额外设置
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由于 CentOS8 防火墙使用了 `nftables`,但 Docker 尚未支持 `nftables`, 我们可以使用如下设置使用 `iptables`:
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更改 `/etc/firewalld/firewalld.conf`
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```bash
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## FirewallBackend=nftables
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FirewallBackend=iptables
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```
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或者执行如下命令:
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```bash
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$ firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=trusted --add-interface=docker0
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$ firewall-cmd --reload
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```
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### 使用脚本自动安装
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在测试或开发环境中 Docker 官方为了简化安装流程,提供了一套便捷的安装脚本,CentOS 系统上可以使用这套脚本安装,另外可以通过 `--mirror` 选项使用国内源进行安装:
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> 若你想安装测试版的 Docker, 请从 test.docker.com 获取脚本
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```bash
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## $ curl -fsSL test.docker.com -o get-docker.sh
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$ curl -fsSL get.docker.com -o get-docker.sh
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$ sudo sh get-docker.sh --mirror Aliyun
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## $ sudo sh get-docker.sh --mirror AzureChinaCloud
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```
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执行这个命令后,脚本就会自动的将一切准备工作做好,并且把 Docker 的稳定(stable)版本安装在系统中。
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### 启动 Docker
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```bash
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$ sudo systemctl enable docker
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$ sudo systemctl start docker
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```
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### 建立 docker 用户组
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默认情况下,`docker` 命令会使用 [Unix socket](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_domain_socket) 与 Docker 引擎通讯。而只有 `root` 用户和 `docker` 组的用户才可以访问 Docker 引擎的 Unix socket。出于安全考虑,一般 Linux 系统上不会直接使用 `root` 用户。因此,更好地做法是将需要使用 `docker` 的用户加入 `docker` 用户组。
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建立 `docker` 组:
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```bash
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$ sudo groupadd docker
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```
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将当前用户加入 `docker` 组:
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```bash
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$ sudo usermod -aG docker $USER
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```
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退出当前终端并重新登录,进行如下测试。
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### 测试 Docker 是否安装正确
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```bash
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$ docker run --rm hello-world
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Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
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latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
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b8dfde127a29: Pull complete
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Digest: sha256:308866a43596e83578c7dfa15e27a73011bdd402185a84c5cd7f32a88b501a24
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Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest
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Hello from Docker!
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This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
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To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
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1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
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2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
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(amd64)
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3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
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executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
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4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
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to your terminal.
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To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
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$ docker run -it ubuntu bash
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Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
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https://hub.docker.com/
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For more examples and ideas, visit:
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https://docs.docker.com/get-started/
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```
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若能正常输出以上信息,则说明安装成功。
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### 镜像加速
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如果在使用过程中发现拉取 Docker 镜像十分缓慢,可以配置 Docker [国内镜像加速](3.9_mirror.md)。
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### 添加内核参数
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如果在 CentOS 使用 Docker 看到下面的这些警告信息:
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```bash
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WARNING: bridge-nf-call-iptables is disabled
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WARNING: bridge-nf-call-ip6tables is disabled
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```
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请添加内核配置参数以启用这些功能。
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```bash
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$ sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf <<-EOF
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net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
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net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
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EOF
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```
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然后重新加载 `sysctl.conf` 即可
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```bash
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$ sudo sysctl -p
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```
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### 参考文档
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* [Docker 官方 CentOS 安装文档](https://docs.docker.com/install/linux/docker-ce/centos/)。
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* https://firewalld.org/2018/07/nftables-backend
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* https://github.com/moby/libnetwork/issues/2496
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