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Release v1.5.0: Restructure chapters and update for Docker v30.x
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Baohua Yang
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03_install/offline.md
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03_install/offline.md
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# Linux 离线安装
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\[TOC]
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生产环境中一般都是没有公网资源的，本文介绍如何在生产服务器上离线部署`Docker`
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括号内的字母表示该操作需要在哪些服务器上执行
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## CentOS/Rocky/AlmaLinux 离线安装Docker
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> 注意：以下命令以 CentOS 7 为例。对于 CentOS Stream 9、Rocky Linux 9 或 AlmaLinux 9，请将 `yum` 替换为 `dnf`，并将软件包后缀 `el7` 替换为 `el9`。
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### YUM本地文件安装（推荐）
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推荐这种方式，是因为在生产环境种一般会选定某个指定的文档软件版本使用。
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#### 查询可用的软件版本(A)
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```bash
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#下载清华的镜像源文件
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wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
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sudo sed -i 's+download.docker.com+mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce+' /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
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yum update
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```
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```bash
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sudo yum list docker-ce --showduplicates|sort -r
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Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
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Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
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docker-ce.x86_64 24.0.4-1.el7 docker-ce-stable
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docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.7-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
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docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.6-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
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docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.5-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
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docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.4-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
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docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.3-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
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docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.2-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
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docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.1-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
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....
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```
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#### 下载到指定文件夹(A)
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```bash
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sudo yum install --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/docker24_offline_install/ docker-ce-24.0.4-1.el7 docker-ce-cli-24.0.4-1.el7
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```
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```bash
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Dependencies Resolved
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====================================================================================================================================================================================
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Package Arch Version Repository Size
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====================================================================================================================================================================================
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Installing:
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docker-ce x86_64 24.0.4-1.el7 docker 25 M
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Installing for dependencies:
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container-selinux noarch 24.0.4-1.el7 extras 39 k
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containerd.io x86_64 24.0.4-1.el7 docker 23 M
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docker-ce-cli x86_64 24.0.4-1.el7 docker 40 M
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Transaction Summary
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====================================================================================================================================================================================
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Install 1 Package (+3 Dependent packages)
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Total download size: 87 M
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Installed size: 363 M
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Background downloading packages, then exiting:
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(1/4): container-selinux-24.0.4-1.el7.noarch.rpm | 39 kB 00:00:00
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(2/4): containerd.io-24.0.4-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 23 MB 00:00:00
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(3/4): docker-ce-24.0.4-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 25 MB 00:00:00
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(4/4): docker-ce-cli-24.0.4-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 40 MB 00:00:00
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------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Total 118 MB/s | 87 MB 00:00:00
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exiting because "Download Only" specified
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```
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#### 复制到目标服务器之后进入文件夹安装(C-N)
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* 离线安装时，必须使用rpm命令不检查依赖的方式安装
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```bash
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rpm -Uvh *.rpm --nodeps --force
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```
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#### 锁定软件版本(C-N)
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**下载锁定版本软件**
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可参考下文的网络源搭建
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```bash
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sudo yum install yum-plugin-versionlock
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```
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**锁定软件版本**
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```bash
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sudo yum versionlock add docker
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```
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**查看锁定列表**
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```bash
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sudo yum versionlock list
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```
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```bash
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Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, versionlock
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3:docker-ce-24.0.4-1.el7.*
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versionlock list done
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```
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**锁定后无法再更新**
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```bash
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sudo yum install docker-ce
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Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, versionlock
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Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
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Excluding 1 update due to versionlock (use "yum versionlock status" to show it)
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Package 3:docker-ce-24.0.4-1.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
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Nothing to do
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```
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**解锁指定软件**
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```bash
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sudo yum versionlock delete docker-ce
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```
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```bash
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Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, versionlock
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Deleting versionlock for: 3:docker-ce-24.0.4-1.el7.*
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versionlock deleted: 1
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```
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**解锁所有软件**
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```bash
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sudo yum versionlock delete all
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```
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### YUM 本地源服务器搭建安装Docker
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#### 挂载 ISO 镜像搭建本地 File 源（AB）
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```bash
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# 删除其他网络源
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rm -f /etc/yum.repo.d/*
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# 挂载光盘或者iso镜像
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mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
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```
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```bash
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# 添加本地源
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cat >/etc/yum.repos.d/local_files.repo<< EOF
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[Local_Files]
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name=Local_Files
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baseurl=file:///mnt
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enable=1
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gpgcheck=0
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gpgkey=file:///mnt/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
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EOF
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```
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```bash
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# 测试刚才的本地源,安装createrepo软件
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yum clean all
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yum install createrepo -y
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```
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#### 根据本地文件搭建BASE网络源（B）
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```bash
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# 安装apache 服务器
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yum install httpd -y
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# 挂载光盘
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mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
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# 新建centos目录
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mkdir /var/www/html/base
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# 复制光盘内的文件到刚才新建的目录
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cp -R /mnt/Packages/* /var/www/html/base/
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createrepo /var/www/html/centos/
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systemctl enable httpd
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systemctl start httpd
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```
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#### 下载Docker-CE 镜像仓库（A）
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在有网络的服务器上下载Docker-ce镜像
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```bash
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# 下载清华的镜像源文件
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wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
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sudo sed -i 's+download.docker.com+mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce+' /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
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```
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```bash
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# 新建 docker-ce目录
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mkdir /tmp/docker-ce/
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# 把镜像源同步到镜像文件中
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reposync -r docker-ce-stable -p /tmp/docker-ce/
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```
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#### 创建仓库索引（B）
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把下载的 docker-ce 文件夹复制到离线的服务器
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```bash
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# 把docker-ce 文件夹复制到/var/www/html/docker-ce
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# 重建索引
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createrepo /var/www/html/docker-ce/
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```
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#### YUM 客户端设置（C...N）
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```bash
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rm -f /etc/yum.repo.d/*
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cat >/etc/yum.repos.d/local_files.repo<< EOF
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[local_base]
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name=local_base
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# 改成B服务器地址
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baseurl=http://x.x.x.x/base
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enable=1
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gpgcheck=0
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proxy=_none_
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[docker_ce]
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name=docker_ce
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# 改成B服务器地址
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baseurl=http://x.x.x.x/base
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enable=1
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gpgcheck=0
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proxy=_none_
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EOF
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```
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#### Docker 安装（C...N）
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```bash
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sudo yum makecache fast
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sudo yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
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sudo systemctl enable docker
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```
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