2015-12-09 07:57:17 +00:00
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2015-12-14 04:08:47 +00:00
< div class = "book" data-level = "11.6" data-chapter-title = "示例函數" data-filepath = "ch11/ch11-06.md" data-basepath = ".." data-revision = "Mon Dec 14 2015 11:30:54 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)" >
2015-12-09 07:57:17 +00:00
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前言
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< b > 0.1.< / b >
Go語言起源
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< b > 0.2.< / b >
Go語言項目
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< b > 0.3.< / b >
本書的組織
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< b > 0.4.< / b >
更多的信息
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< b > 0.5.< / b >
緻謝
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< b > 1.< / b >
入門
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< b > 1.1.< / b >
Hello, World
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< b > 1.2.< / b >
命令行參數
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< b > 1.3.< / b >
査找重復的行
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< b > 1.4.< / b >
GIF動畫
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< b > 1.5.< / b >
穫取URL
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< b > 1.6.< / b >
併髮穫取多個URL
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< b > 1.7.< / b >
Web服務
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< b > 1.8.< / b >
本章要點
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< b > 2.< / b >
程序結構
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< b > 2.1.< / b >
命名
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< b > 2.2.< / b >
聲明
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< b > 2.3.< / b >
變量
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< b > 2.4.< / b >
賦值
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< b > 2.5.< / b >
類型
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< b > 2.6.< / b >
包和文件
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< b > 2.7.< / b >
作用域
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< b > 3.< / b >
基礎數據類型
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< b > 3.1.< / b >
整型
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< b > 3.2.< / b >
浮點數
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< b > 3.3.< / b >
復數
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< b > 3.4.< / b >
佈爾型
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< b > 3.5.< / b >
字符串
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< b > 3.6.< / b >
常量
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< b > 4.< / b >
復閤數據類型
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< b > 4.1.< / b >
數組
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< b > 4.2.< / b >
切片
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< b > 4.3.< / b >
字典
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< b > 4.4.< / b >
結構體
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< b > 4.5.< / b >
JSON
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< b > 4.6.< / b >
文本和HTML模闆
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5" data-path = "ch5/ch5.html" >
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< b > 5.< / b >
函數
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< b > 5.1.< / b >
函數聲明
< / a >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2" data-path = "ch5/ch5-02.html" >
< a href = "../ch5/ch5-02.html" >
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< b > 5.2.< / b >
遞歸
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.3" data-path = "ch5/ch5-03.html" >
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< b > 5.3.< / b >
多返迴值
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.4" data-path = "ch5/ch5-04.html" >
< a href = "../ch5/ch5-04.html" >
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< b > 5.4.< / b >
錯誤
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< b > 5.5.< / b >
函數值
< / a >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6" data-path = "ch5/ch5-06.html" >
< a href = "../ch5/ch5-06.html" >
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< b > 5.6.< / b >
匿名函數
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.7" data-path = "ch5/ch5-07.html" >
< a href = "../ch5/ch5-07.html" >
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< b > 5.7.< / b >
可變參數
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.8" data-path = "ch5/ch5-08.html" >
< a href = "../ch5/ch5-08.html" >
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< b > 5.8.< / b >
Deferred函數
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.9" data-path = "ch5/ch5-09.html" >
< a href = "../ch5/ch5-09.html" >
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< b > 5.9.< / b >
Panic異常
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.10" data-path = "ch5/ch5-10.html" >
< a href = "../ch5/ch5-10.html" >
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< b > 5.10.< / b >
Recover捕穫異常
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6" data-path = "ch6/ch6.html" >
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< b > 6.< / b >
方法
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.1" data-path = "ch6/ch6-01.html" >
< a href = "../ch6/ch6-01.html" >
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< b > 6.1.< / b >
方法聲明
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.2" data-path = "ch6/ch6-02.html" >
< a href = "../ch6/ch6-02.html" >
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< b > 6.2.< / b >
基於指鍼對象的方法
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3" data-path = "ch6/ch6-03.html" >
< a href = "../ch6/ch6-03.html" >
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< b > 6.3.< / b >
通過嵌入結構體來擴展類型
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.4" data-path = "ch6/ch6-04.html" >
< a href = "../ch6/ch6-04.html" >
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< b > 6.4.< / b >
方法值和方法錶達式
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.5" data-path = "ch6/ch6-05.html" >
< a href = "../ch6/ch6-05.html" >
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< b > 6.5.< / b >
示例: Bit數組
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.6" data-path = "ch6/ch6-06.html" >
< a href = "../ch6/ch6-06.html" >
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< b > 6.6.< / b >
封裝
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7" data-path = "ch7/ch7.html" >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7.html" >
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< b > 7.< / b >
接口
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< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.1" data-path = "ch7/ch7-01.html" >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-01.html" >
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< b > 7.1.< / b >
接口是閤約
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.2" data-path = "ch7/ch7-02.html" >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-02.html" >
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< b > 7.2.< / b >
接口類型
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.3" data-path = "ch7/ch7-03.html" >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-03.html" >
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< b > 7.3.< / b >
實現接口的條件
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.4" data-path = "ch7/ch7-04.html" >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-04.html" >
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< b > 7.4.< / b >
flag.Value接口
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.5" data-path = "ch7/ch7-05.html" >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-05.html" >
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< b > 7.5.< / b >
接口值
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.6" data-path = "ch7/ch7-06.html" >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-06.html" >
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< b > 7.6.< / b >
sort.Interface接口
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.7" data-path = "ch7/ch7-07.html" >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-07.html" >
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< b > 7.7.< / b >
http.Handler接口
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.8" data-path = "ch7/ch7-08.html" >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-08.html" >
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< b > 7.8.< / b >
error接口
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.9" data-path = "ch7/ch7-09.html" >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-09.html" >
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< b > 7.9.< / b >
示例: 錶達式求值
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.10" data-path = "ch7/ch7-10.html" >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-10.html" >
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< b > 7.10.< / b >
類型斷言
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.11" data-path = "ch7/ch7-11.html" >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-11.html" >
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< b > 7.11.< / b >
基於類型斷言識彆錯誤類型
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.12" data-path = "ch7/ch7-12.html" >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-12.html" >
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< b > 7.12.< / b >
通過類型斷言査詢接口
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.13" data-path = "ch7/ch7-13.html" >
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< b > 7.13.< / b >
類型分支
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.14" data-path = "ch7/ch7-14.html" >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-14.html" >
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< b > 7.14.< / b >
示例: 基於標記的XML解碼
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.15" data-path = "ch7/ch7-15.html" >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-15.html" >
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< b > 7.15.< / b >
補充幾點
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8" data-path = "ch8/ch8.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8.html" >
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< b > 8.< / b >
Goroutines和Channels
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.1" data-path = "ch8/ch8-01.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-01.html" >
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< b > 8.1.< / b >
Goroutines
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.2" data-path = "ch8/ch8-02.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-02.html" >
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< b > 8.2.< / b >
示例: 併髮的Clock服務
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.3" data-path = "ch8/ch8-03.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-03.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 8.3.< / b >
示例: 併髮的Echo服務
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.4" data-path = "ch8/ch8-04.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-04.html" >
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< b > 8.4.< / b >
Channels
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.5" data-path = "ch8/ch8-05.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-05.html" >
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< b > 8.5.< / b >
併行的循環
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.6" data-path = "ch8/ch8-06.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-06.html" >
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< b > 8.6.< / b >
示例: 併髮的Web爬蟲
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.7" data-path = "ch8/ch8-07.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-07.html" >
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< b > 8.7.< / b >
基於select的多路復用
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.8" data-path = "ch8/ch8-08.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-08.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 8.8.< / b >
示例: 併髮的字典遍歷
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.9" data-path = "ch8/ch8-09.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-09.html" >
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< b > 8.9.< / b >
併髮的退齣
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.10" data-path = "ch8/ch8-10.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-10.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 8.10.< / b >
示例: 聊天服務
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< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9" data-path = "ch9/ch9.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.< / b >
基於共享變量的併髮
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.1" data-path = "ch9/ch9-01.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-01.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.1.< / b >
競爭條件
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.2" data-path = "ch9/ch9-02.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-02.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.2.< / b >
sync.Mutex互斥鎖
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.3" data-path = "ch9/ch9-03.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-03.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.3.< / b >
sync.RWMutex讀寫鎖
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.4" data-path = "ch9/ch9-04.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-04.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.4.< / b >
內存衕步
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.5" data-path = "ch9/ch9-05.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-05.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.5.< / b >
sync.Once初始化
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.6" data-path = "ch9/ch9-06.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-06.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.6.< / b >
競爭條件檢測
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.7" data-path = "ch9/ch9-07.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-07.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.7.< / b >
示例: 併髮的非阻塞緩存
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.8" data-path = "ch9/ch9-08.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-08.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.8.< / b >
Goroutines和綫程
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10" data-path = "ch10/ch10.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 10.< / b >
包和工具
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.1" data-path = "ch10/ch10-01.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10-01.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 10.1.< / b >
簡介
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.2" data-path = "ch10/ch10-02.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10-02.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 10.2.< / b >
導入路徑
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.3" data-path = "ch10/ch10-03.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10-03.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 10.3.< / b >
包聲明
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.4" data-path = "ch10/ch10-04.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10-04.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 10.4.< / b >
導入聲明
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.5" data-path = "ch10/ch10-05.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10-05.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 10.5.< / b >
匿名導入
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.6" data-path = "ch10/ch10-06.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10-06.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 10.6.< / b >
包和命名
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.7" data-path = "ch10/ch10-07.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10-07.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 10.7.< / b >
工具
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "11" data-path = "ch11/ch11.html" >
< a href = "../ch11/ch11.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 11.< / b >
測試
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "11.1" data-path = "ch11/ch11-01.html" >
< a href = "../ch11/ch11-01.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 11.1.< / b >
go test
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "11.2" data-path = "ch11/ch11-02.html" >
< a href = "../ch11/ch11-02.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 11.2.< / b >
測試函數
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "11.3" data-path = "ch11/ch11-03.html" >
< a href = "../ch11/ch11-03.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 11.3.< / b >
測試覆蓋率
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "11.4" data-path = "ch11/ch11-04.html" >
< a href = "../ch11/ch11-04.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 11.4.< / b >
基準測試
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "11.5" data-path = "ch11/ch11-05.html" >
< a href = "../ch11/ch11-05.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 11.5.< / b >
剖析
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter active" data-level = "11.6" data-path = "ch11/ch11-06.html" >
< a href = "../ch11/ch11-06.html" >
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< b > 11.6.< / b >
示例函數
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< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12" data-path = "ch12/ch12.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 12.< / b >
反射
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.1" data-path = "ch12/ch12-01.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-01.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 12.1.< / b >
為何需要反射?
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.2" data-path = "ch12/ch12-02.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-02.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 12.2.< / b >
reflect.Type和reflect.Value
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.3" data-path = "ch12/ch12-03.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-03.html" >
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< b > 12.3.< / b >
Display遞歸打印
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.4" data-path = "ch12/ch12-04.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-04.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 12.4.< / b >
示例: 編碼S錶達式
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.5" data-path = "ch12/ch12-05.html" >
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< b > 12.5.< / b >
通過reflect.Value脩改值
< / a >
< / li >
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< a href = "../ch12/ch12-06.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 12.6.< / b >
示例: 解碼S錶達式
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.7" data-path = "ch12/ch12-07.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-07.html" >
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< b > 12.7.< / b >
穫取結構體字段標識
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.8" data-path = "ch12/ch12-08.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-08.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 12.8.< / b >
顯示一個類型的方法集
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.9" data-path = "ch12/ch12-09.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-09.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 12.9.< / b >
幾點忠告
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< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "13" data-path = "ch13/ch13.html" >
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< b > 13.< / b >
底層編程
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "13.1" data-path = "ch13/ch13-01.html" >
< a href = "../ch13/ch13-01.html" >
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< b > 13.1.< / b >
unsafe.Sizeof, Alignof 和 Offsetof
< / a >
< / li >
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< a href = "../ch13/ch13-02.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 13.2.< / b >
unsafe.Pointer
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< a href = "../ch13/ch13-03.html" >
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< b > 13.3.< / b >
示例: 深度相等判斷
< / a >
< / li >
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< a href = "../ch13/ch13-04.html" >
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< b > 13.4.< / b >
通過cgo調用C代碼
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< b > 13.5.< / b >
幾點忠告
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "14" data-path = "exercise/ex.html" >
< a href = "../exercise/ex.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 14.< / b >
習題解答
< / a >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "14.1" data-path = "exercise/ex-ch1.html" >
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< b > 14.1.< / b >
第一章 入門
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "15" data-path = "errata.html" >
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< b > 15.< / b >
勘誤
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< li class = "divider" > < / li >
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< a href = "https://www.gitbook.com" target = "blank" class = "gitbook-link" >
本書使用 GitBook 釋出
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<!-- Actions Left -->
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< section class = "normal" id = "section-" >
< h2 id = "116-示例函數" > 11.6. 示 例 函 數 < / h2 >
< p > 第 三 種 < code > go test< / code > 特 別 處 理 的 函 數 是 示 例 函 數 , 以 Example 為 函 數 名 開 頭 . 示 例 函 數 沒 有 函 數 參 數 和 返 迴 值 . 下 麫 是 IsPalindrome 函 數 對 應 的 示 例 函 數 :< / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-Go" > < span class = "hljs-keyword" > func< / span > ExampleIsPalindrome() {
fmt.Println(IsPalindrome(< span class = "hljs-string" > " A man, a plan, a canal: Panama" < / span > ))
fmt.Println(IsPalindrome(< span class = "hljs-string" > " palindrome" < / span > ))
< span class = "hljs-comment" > // Output:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > // true< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > // false< / span >
}
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 示 例 函 數 有 三 個 用 處 . 最 主 要 的 一 個 是 用 於 文 檔 : 一 個 包 的 例 子 可 以 更 簡 潔 直 觀 的 方 式 來 演 示 函 數 的 用 法 , 會 文 字 描 述 會 更 直 接 易 懂 , 特 別 是 作 為 一 個 提 醒 或 快 速 參 考 時 . 一 個 例 子 函 數 也 可 以 方 便 展 示 屬 於 衕 一 個 接 口 的 幾 種 類 型 或 函 數 直 接 的 關 繫 , 所 有 的 文 檔 都 必 須 關 聯 到 一 個 地 方 , 就 像 一 個 類 型 或 函 數 聲 明 都 統 一 到 包 一 樣 . 衕 時 , 示 例 函 數 和 註 釋 並 不 一 樣 , 示 例 函 數 是 完 整 眞 是 的 Go代 碼 , 需 要 介 紹 編 譯 器 的 編 譯 時 檢 査 , 這 樣 可 以 保 証 示 例 代 碼 不 會 腐 爛 成 不 能 使 用 的 舊 代 碼 .< / p >
< p > 根 據 示 例 函 數 的 後 綴 名 部 分 , godoc 的 web文 檔 會 將 一 個 示 例 函 數 關 聯 到 某 個 具 體 函 數 或 包 本 身 , 因 此 ExampleIsPalindrome 示 例 函 數 將 是 IsPalindrome 函 數 文 檔 的 一 部 分 , Example 示 例 函 數 將 是 包 文 檔 的 一 部 分 .< / p >
< p > 示 例 文 檔 的 第 二 個 用 處 是 在 < code > go test< / code > 執 行 測 試 的 時 候 也 運 行 示 例 函 數 測 試 . 如 果 示 例 函 數 內 含 有 類 似 上 麫 例 子 中 的 < code > / Output:< / code > 這 樣 的 註 釋 , 那 麼 測 試 工 具 會 執 行 這 個 示 例 函 數 , 然 後 檢 測 這 個 示 例 函 數 的 標 準 輸 齣 和 註 釋 是 否 匹 配 .< / p >
< p > 示 例 函 數 的 第 三 個 目 的 提 供 一 個 眞 實 的 演 練 場 . golang.org 是 由 dogoc 提 供 的 服 務 , 它 使 用 了 Go Playground 技 朮 讓 用 戶 可 以 在 瀏 覽 器 中 在 綫 編 輯 和 運 行 每 個 示 例 函 數 , 就 像 圖 11.4 所 示 的 那 樣 . 這 通 常 是 學 習 函 數 使 用 或 Go語 言 特 性 的 最 快 方 式 .< / p >
< p > < img src = "../images/ch11-04.png" alt = "" > < / p >
< p > 本 書 最 後 的 兩 掌 是 討 論 reflect 和 unsafe 包 , 一 般 的 Go用 於 很 少 需 要 使 用 它 們 . 因 此 , 如 果 你 還 沒 有 寫 過 任 何 眞 是 的 Go程 序 的 話 , 現 在 可 以 忽 略 剩 餘 部 分 而 直 接 編 碼 了 .< / p >
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