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<div class="book" data-level="6.2" data-chapter-title="基於指鍼對象的方法" data-filepath="ch6/ch6-02.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Mon Dec 14 2015 11:30:54 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
2015-12-09 07:57:17 +00:00
<div class="book-summary">
<nav role="navigation">
<ul class="summary">
<li class="chapter " data-level="0" data-path="index.html">
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前言
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<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="0.1" data-path="ch0/ch0-01.html">
<a href="../ch0/ch0-01.html">
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<b>0.1.</b>
Go語言起源
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<li class="chapter " data-level="0.2" data-path="ch0/ch0-02.html">
<a href="../ch0/ch0-02.html">
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<b>0.2.</b>
Go語言項目
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<li class="chapter " data-level="0.3" data-path="ch0/ch0-03.html">
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<b>0.3.</b>
本書的組織
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<b>0.4.</b>
更多的信息
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<b>0.5.</b>
緻謝
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</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1" data-path="ch1/ch1.html">
<a href="../ch1/ch1.html">
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<b>1.</b>
入門
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.1" data-path="ch1/ch1-01.html">
<a href="../ch1/ch1-01.html">
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<b>1.1.</b>
Hello, World
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2" data-path="ch1/ch1-02.html">
<a href="../ch1/ch1-02.html">
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<b>1.2.</b>
命令行參數
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3" data-path="ch1/ch1-03.html">
<a href="../ch1/ch1-03.html">
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<b>1.3.</b>
査找重復的行
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4" data-path="ch1/ch1-04.html">
<a href="../ch1/ch1-04.html">
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<b>1.4.</b>
GIF動畫
</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5" data-path="ch1/ch1-05.html">
<a href="../ch1/ch1-05.html">
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<b>1.5.</b>
穫取URL
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6" data-path="ch1/ch1-06.html">
<a href="../ch1/ch1-06.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>1.6.</b>
併髮穫取多個URL
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7" data-path="ch1/ch1-07.html">
<a href="../ch1/ch1-07.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>1.7.</b>
Web服務
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.8" data-path="ch1/ch1-08.html">
<a href="../ch1/ch1-08.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>1.8.</b>
本章要點
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2" data-path="ch2/ch2.html">
<a href="../ch2/ch2.html">
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<b>2.</b>
程序結構
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.1" data-path="ch2/ch2-01.html">
<a href="../ch2/ch2-01.html">
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<b>2.1.</b>
命名
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.2" data-path="ch2/ch2-02.html">
<a href="../ch2/ch2-02.html">
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<b>2.2.</b>
聲明
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.3" data-path="ch2/ch2-03.html">
<a href="../ch2/ch2-03.html">
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<b>2.3.</b>
變量
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.4" data-path="ch2/ch2-04.html">
<a href="../ch2/ch2-04.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>2.4.</b>
賦值
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.5" data-path="ch2/ch2-05.html">
<a href="../ch2/ch2-05.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>2.5.</b>
類型
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.6" data-path="ch2/ch2-06.html">
<a href="../ch2/ch2-06.html">
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<b>2.6.</b>
包和文件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.7" data-path="ch2/ch2-07.html">
<a href="../ch2/ch2-07.html">
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<b>2.7.</b>
作用域
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3" data-path="ch3/ch3.html">
<a href="../ch3/ch3.html">
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<b>3.</b>
基礎數據類型
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1" data-path="ch3/ch3-01.html">
<a href="../ch3/ch3-01.html">
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<b>3.1.</b>
整型
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.2" data-path="ch3/ch3-02.html">
<a href="../ch3/ch3-02.html">
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<b>3.2.</b>
浮點數
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.3" data-path="ch3/ch3-03.html">
<a href="../ch3/ch3-03.html">
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<b>3.3.</b>
復數
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.4" data-path="ch3/ch3-04.html">
<a href="../ch3/ch3-04.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>3.4.</b>
佈爾型
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.5" data-path="ch3/ch3-05.html">
<a href="../ch3/ch3-05.html">
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<b>3.5.</b>
字符串
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.6" data-path="ch3/ch3-06.html">
<a href="../ch3/ch3-06.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>3.6.</b>
常量
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4" data-path="ch4/ch4.html">
<a href="../ch4/ch4.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>4.</b>
復閤數據類型
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1" data-path="ch4/ch4-01.html">
<a href="../ch4/ch4-01.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>4.1.</b>
數組
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2" data-path="ch4/ch4-02.html">
<a href="../ch4/ch4-02.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>4.2.</b>
切片
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.3" data-path="ch4/ch4-03.html">
<a href="../ch4/ch4-03.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>4.3.</b>
字典
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4" data-path="ch4/ch4-04.html">
<a href="../ch4/ch4-04.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>4.4.</b>
結構體
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5" data-path="ch4/ch4-05.html">
<a href="../ch4/ch4-05.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>4.5.</b>
JSON
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6" data-path="ch4/ch4-06.html">
<a href="../ch4/ch4-06.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>4.6.</b>
文本和HTML模闆
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5" data-path="ch5/ch5.html">
<a href="../ch5/ch5.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>5.</b>
函數
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.1" data-path="ch5/ch5-01.html">
<a href="../ch5/ch5-01.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>5.1.</b>
函數聲明
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2" data-path="ch5/ch5-02.html">
<a href="../ch5/ch5-02.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>5.2.</b>
遞歸
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3" data-path="ch5/ch5-03.html">
<a href="../ch5/ch5-03.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>5.3.</b>
多返迴值
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4" data-path="ch5/ch5-04.html">
<a href="../ch5/ch5-04.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>5.4.</b>
錯誤
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5" data-path="ch5/ch5-05.html">
<a href="../ch5/ch5-05.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>5.5.</b>
函數值
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.6" data-path="ch5/ch5-06.html">
<a href="../ch5/ch5-06.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>5.6.</b>
匿名函數
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.7" data-path="ch5/ch5-07.html">
<a href="../ch5/ch5-07.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>5.7.</b>
可變參數
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.8" data-path="ch5/ch5-08.html">
<a href="../ch5/ch5-08.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>5.8.</b>
Deferred函數
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.9" data-path="ch5/ch5-09.html">
<a href="../ch5/ch5-09.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>5.9.</b>
Panic異常
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.10" data-path="ch5/ch5-10.html">
<a href="../ch5/ch5-10.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>5.10.</b>
Recover捕穫異常
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6" data-path="ch6/ch6.html">
<a href="../ch6/ch6.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>6.</b>
方法
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.1" data-path="ch6/ch6-01.html">
<a href="../ch6/ch6-01.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>6.1.</b>
方法聲明
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter active" data-level="6.2" data-path="ch6/ch6-02.html">
<a href="../ch6/ch6-02.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>6.2.</b>
基於指鍼對象的方法
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3" data-path="ch6/ch6-03.html">
<a href="../ch6/ch6-03.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>6.3.</b>
通過嵌入結構體來擴展類型
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4" data-path="ch6/ch6-04.html">
<a href="../ch6/ch6-04.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>6.4.</b>
方法值和方法錶達式
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5" data-path="ch6/ch6-05.html">
<a href="../ch6/ch6-05.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>6.5.</b>
示例: Bit數組
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6" data-path="ch6/ch6-06.html">
<a href="../ch6/ch6-06.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>6.6.</b>
封裝
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7" data-path="ch7/ch7.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.</b>
接口
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.1" data-path="ch7/ch7-01.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-01.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.1.</b>
接口是閤約
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.2" data-path="ch7/ch7-02.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-02.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.2.</b>
接口類型
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3" data-path="ch7/ch7-03.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-03.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.3.</b>
實現接口的條件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.4" data-path="ch7/ch7-04.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-04.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.4.</b>
flag.Value接口
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.5" data-path="ch7/ch7-05.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-05.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.5.</b>
接口值
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.6" data-path="ch7/ch7-06.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-06.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.6.</b>
sort.Interface接口
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.7" data-path="ch7/ch7-07.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-07.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.7.</b>
http.Handler接口
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.8" data-path="ch7/ch7-08.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-08.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.8.</b>
error接口
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.9" data-path="ch7/ch7-09.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-09.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.9.</b>
示例: 錶達式求值
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.10" data-path="ch7/ch7-10.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-10.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.10.</b>
類型斷言
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.11" data-path="ch7/ch7-11.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-11.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.11.</b>
基於類型斷言識彆錯誤類型
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.12" data-path="ch7/ch7-12.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-12.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.12.</b>
通過類型斷言査詢接口
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.13" data-path="ch7/ch7-13.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-13.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.13.</b>
類型分支
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.14" data-path="ch7/ch7-14.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-14.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.14.</b>
示例: 基於標記的XML解碼
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.15" data-path="ch7/ch7-15.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-15.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.15.</b>
補充幾點
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8" data-path="ch8/ch8.html">
<a href="../ch8/ch8.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>8.</b>
Goroutines和Channels
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.1" data-path="ch8/ch8-01.html">
<a href="../ch8/ch8-01.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>8.1.</b>
Goroutines
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.2" data-path="ch8/ch8-02.html">
<a href="../ch8/ch8-02.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>8.2.</b>
示例: 併髮的Clock服務
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.3" data-path="ch8/ch8-03.html">
<a href="../ch8/ch8-03.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>8.3.</b>
示例: 併髮的Echo服務
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.4" data-path="ch8/ch8-04.html">
<a href="../ch8/ch8-04.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>8.4.</b>
Channels
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.5" data-path="ch8/ch8-05.html">
<a href="../ch8/ch8-05.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>8.5.</b>
併行的循環
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.6" data-path="ch8/ch8-06.html">
<a href="../ch8/ch8-06.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>8.6.</b>
示例: 併髮的Web爬蟲
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.7" data-path="ch8/ch8-07.html">
<a href="../ch8/ch8-07.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>8.7.</b>
基於select的多路復用
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.8" data-path="ch8/ch8-08.html">
<a href="../ch8/ch8-08.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>8.8.</b>
示例: 併髮的字典遍歷
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.9" data-path="ch8/ch8-09.html">
<a href="../ch8/ch8-09.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>8.9.</b>
併髮的退齣
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.10" data-path="ch8/ch8-10.html">
<a href="../ch8/ch8-10.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>8.10.</b>
示例: 聊天服務
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9" data-path="ch9/ch9.html">
<a href="../ch9/ch9.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>9.</b>
基於共享變量的併髮
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.1" data-path="ch9/ch9-01.html">
<a href="../ch9/ch9-01.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>9.1.</b>
競爭條件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.2" data-path="ch9/ch9-02.html">
<a href="../ch9/ch9-02.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>9.2.</b>
sync.Mutex互斥鎖
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.3" data-path="ch9/ch9-03.html">
<a href="../ch9/ch9-03.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>9.3.</b>
sync.RWMutex讀寫鎖
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.4" data-path="ch9/ch9-04.html">
<a href="../ch9/ch9-04.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>9.4.</b>
內存衕步
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.5" data-path="ch9/ch9-05.html">
<a href="../ch9/ch9-05.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>9.5.</b>
sync.Once初始化
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.6" data-path="ch9/ch9-06.html">
<a href="../ch9/ch9-06.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>9.6.</b>
競爭條件檢測
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.7" data-path="ch9/ch9-07.html">
<a href="../ch9/ch9-07.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>9.7.</b>
示例: 併髮的非阻塞緩存
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.8" data-path="ch9/ch9-08.html">
<a href="../ch9/ch9-08.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>9.8.</b>
Goroutines和綫程
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10" data-path="ch10/ch10.html">
<a href="../ch10/ch10.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>10.</b>
包和工具
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.1" data-path="ch10/ch10-01.html">
<a href="../ch10/ch10-01.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>10.1.</b>
簡介
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.2" data-path="ch10/ch10-02.html">
<a href="../ch10/ch10-02.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>10.2.</b>
導入路徑
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.3" data-path="ch10/ch10-03.html">
<a href="../ch10/ch10-03.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>10.3.</b>
包聲明
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.4" data-path="ch10/ch10-04.html">
<a href="../ch10/ch10-04.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>10.4.</b>
導入聲明
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.5" data-path="ch10/ch10-05.html">
<a href="../ch10/ch10-05.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>10.5.</b>
匿名導入
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.6" data-path="ch10/ch10-06.html">
<a href="../ch10/ch10-06.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>10.6.</b>
包和命名
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.7" data-path="ch10/ch10-07.html">
<a href="../ch10/ch10-07.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>10.7.</b>
工具
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11" data-path="ch11/ch11.html">
<a href="../ch11/ch11.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>11.</b>
測試
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.1" data-path="ch11/ch11-01.html">
<a href="../ch11/ch11-01.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>11.1.</b>
go test
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.2" data-path="ch11/ch11-02.html">
<a href="../ch11/ch11-02.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>11.2.</b>
測試函數
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.3" data-path="ch11/ch11-03.html">
<a href="../ch11/ch11-03.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>11.3.</b>
測試覆蓋率
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.4" data-path="ch11/ch11-04.html">
<a href="../ch11/ch11-04.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>11.4.</b>
基準測試
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.5" data-path="ch11/ch11-05.html">
<a href="../ch11/ch11-05.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>11.5.</b>
剖析
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.6" data-path="ch11/ch11-06.html">
<a href="../ch11/ch11-06.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>11.6.</b>
示例函數
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="12" data-path="ch12/ch12.html">
<a href="../ch12/ch12.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>12.</b>
反射
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.1" data-path="ch12/ch12-01.html">
<a href="../ch12/ch12-01.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>12.1.</b>
為何需要反射?
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.2" data-path="ch12/ch12-02.html">
<a href="../ch12/ch12-02.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>12.2.</b>
reflect.Type和reflect.Value
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.3" data-path="ch12/ch12-03.html">
<a href="../ch12/ch12-03.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>12.3.</b>
Display遞歸打印
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.4" data-path="ch12/ch12-04.html">
<a href="../ch12/ch12-04.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>12.4.</b>
示例: 編碼S錶達式
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.5" data-path="ch12/ch12-05.html">
<a href="../ch12/ch12-05.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>12.5.</b>
通過reflect.Value脩改值
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.6" data-path="ch12/ch12-06.html">
<a href="../ch12/ch12-06.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>12.6.</b>
示例: 解碼S錶達式
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.7" data-path="ch12/ch12-07.html">
<a href="../ch12/ch12-07.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>12.7.</b>
穫取結構體字段標識
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.8" data-path="ch12/ch12-08.html">
<a href="../ch12/ch12-08.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>12.8.</b>
顯示一個類型的方法集
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.9" data-path="ch12/ch12-09.html">
<a href="../ch12/ch12-09.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>12.9.</b>
幾點忠告
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="13" data-path="ch13/ch13.html">
<a href="../ch13/ch13.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>13.</b>
底層編程
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="13.1" data-path="ch13/ch13-01.html">
<a href="../ch13/ch13-01.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>13.1.</b>
unsafe.Sizeof, Alignof 和 Offsetof
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="13.2" data-path="ch13/ch13-02.html">
<a href="../ch13/ch13-02.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>13.2.</b>
unsafe.Pointer
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="13.3" data-path="ch13/ch13-03.html">
<a href="../ch13/ch13-03.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>13.3.</b>
示例: 深度相等判斷
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="13.4" data-path="ch13/ch13-04.html">
<a href="../ch13/ch13-04.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>13.4.</b>
通過cgo調用C代碼
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="13.5" data-path="ch13/ch13-05.html">
<a href="../ch13/ch13-05.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>13.5.</b>
幾點忠告
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="14" data-path="exercise/ex.html">
<a href="../exercise/ex.html">
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<b>14.</b>
習題解答
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="14.1" data-path="exercise/ex-ch1.html">
<a href="../exercise/ex-ch1.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>14.1.</b>
第一章 入門
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="15" data-path="errata.html">
<a href="../errata.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>15.</b>
勘誤
</a>
</li>
<li class="divider"></li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.gitbook.com" target="blank" class="gitbook-link">
本書使用 GitBook 釋出
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<h2 id="62-&#x57FA;&#x65BC;&#x6307;&#x937C;&#x5C0D;&#x8C61;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;">6.2. &#x57FA;&#x65BC;&#x6307;&#x937C;&#x5C0D;&#x8C61;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;</h2>
<p>&#x7576;&#x8ABF;&#x7528;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x51FD;&#x6578;&#x6642;&#xFF0C;&#x6703;&#x5C0D;&#x5176;&#x6BCF;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x53C3;&#x6578;&#x503C;&#x9032;&#x884C;&#x62F7;&#x8C9D;&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x51FD;&#x6578;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x66F4;&#x65B0;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x8B8A;&#x91CF;&#xFF0C;&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x51FD;&#x6578;&#x7684;&#x5176;&#x4E2D;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x53C3;&#x6578;&#x5BE6;&#x5728;&#x592A;&#x5927;&#x6211;&#x5011;&#x5E0C;&#x671B;&#x80FD;&#x5920;&#x907F;&#x514D;&#x9032;&#x884C;&#x9019;&#x7A2E;&#x9ED8;&#x8A8D;&#x7684;&#x62F7;&#x8C9D;&#xFF0C;&#x9019;&#x7A2E;&#x60C5;&#x6CC1;&#x4E0B;&#x6211;&#x5011;&#x5C31;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x7528;&#x5230;&#x6307;&#x937C;&#x4E86;&#x3002;&#x5C0D;&#x61C9;&#x5230;&#x6211;&#x5011;&#x9019;&#x88CF;&#x7528;&#x4F86;&#x66F4;&#x65B0;&#x63A5;&#x6536;&#x5668;&#x7684;&#x5C0D;&#x8C61;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#xFF0C;&#x7576;&#x9019;&#x500B;&#x63A5;&#x53D7;&#x8005;&#x8B8A;&#x91CF;&#x672C;&#x8EAB;&#x6BD4;&#x8F03;&#x5927;&#x6642;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x5011;&#x5C31;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7528;&#x5176;&#x6307;&#x937C;&#x800C;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;&#x5C0D;&#x8C61;&#x4F86;&#x8072;&#x660E;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (p *Point) ScaleBy(factor <span class="hljs-typename">float64</span>) {
p.X *= factor
p.Y *= factor
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x9019;&#x500B;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x7684;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#x662F;<code>(*Point).ScaleBy</code>&#x3002;&#x9019;&#x88CF;&#x7684;&#x62EC;&#x865F;&#x662F;&#x5FC5;&#x9B1A;&#x7684;&#xFF1B;&#x6C92;&#x6709;&#x62EC;&#x865F;&#x7684;&#x8A71;&#x9019;&#x500B;&#x9336;&#x9054;&#x5F0F;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x6703;&#x88AB;&#x7406;&#x89E3;&#x70BA;<code>*(Point.ScaleBy)</code>&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5728;&#x73FE;&#x5BE6;&#x7684;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x88CF;&#xFF0C;&#x4E00;&#x822C;&#x6703;&#x7D04;&#x5B9A;&#x5982;&#x679C;Point&#x9019;&#x500B;&#x985E;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x6307;&#x937C;&#x4F5C;&#x70BA;&#x63A5;&#x6536;&#x5668;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#xFF0C;&#x90A3;&#x9EBC;&#x6240;&#x6709;Point&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x90FD;&#x5FC5;&#x9B1A;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x6307;&#x937C;&#x63A5;&#x6536;&#x5668;&#xFF0C;&#x537D;&#x4F7F;&#x662F;&#x90A3;&#x4E9B;&#x4F75;&#x4E0D;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x9019;&#x500B;&#x6307;&#x937C;&#x63A5;&#x6536;&#x5668;&#x7684;&#x51FD;&#x6578;&#x3002;&#x6211;&#x5011;&#x5728;&#x9019;&#x88CF;&#x6253;&#x7834;&#x4E86;&#x9019;&#x500B;&#x7D04;&#x5B9A;&#x96BB;&#x662F;&#x70BA;&#x4E86;&#x5C55;&#x793A;&#x4E00;&#x4E0B;&#x5169;&#x7A2E;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x7684;&#x7570;&#x8855;&#x800C;&#x5DF2;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x96BB;&#x6709;&#x985E;&#x578B;(Point)&#x548C;&#x6307;&#x66CF;&#x4ED6;&#x5011;&#x7684;&#x6307;&#x937C;(*Point)&#xFF0C;&#x7E94;&#x662F;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x6703;&#x9F63;&#x73FE;&#x5728;&#x63A5;&#x6536;&#x5668;&#x8072;&#x660E;&#x88CF;&#x7684;&#x5169;&#x7A2E;&#x63A5;&#x6536;&#x5668;&#x3002;&#x6B64;&#x5916;&#xFF0C;&#x70BA;&#x4E86;&#x907F;&#x514D;&#x6B67;&#x7FA9;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;&#x8072;&#x660E;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x6642;&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x540D;&#x672C;&#x8EAB;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x6307;&#x937C;&#x7684;&#x8A71;&#xFF0C;&#x662F;&#x4E0D;&#x5141;&#x8A31;&#x5176;&#x9F63;&#x73FE;&#x5728;&#x63A5;&#x6536;&#x5668;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x6BD4;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#x9EAB;&#x9019;&#x500B;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> P *<span class="hljs-typename">int</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (P) f() { <span class="hljs-comment">/* ... */</span> } <span class="hljs-comment">// compile error: invalid receiver type</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x60F3;&#x8981;&#x8ABF;&#x7528;&#x6307;&#x937C;&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;<code>(*Point).ScaleBy</code>&#xFF0C;&#x96BB;&#x8981;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x4E00;&#x500B;Point&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x6307;&#x937C;&#x537D;&#x53EF;&#xFF0C;&#x50CF;&#x4E0B;&#x9EAB;&#x9019;&#x6A23;&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go">r := &amp;Point{<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>}
r.ScaleBy(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>)
fmt.Println(*r) <span class="hljs-comment">// &quot;{2, 4}&quot;</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x9019;&#x6A23;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go">p := Point{<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>}
pptr := &amp;p
pptr.ScaleBy(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>)
fmt.Println(p) <span class="hljs-comment">// &quot;{2, 4}&quot;</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x9019;&#x6A23;:</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go">p := Point{<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>}
(&amp;p).ScaleBy(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>)
fmt.Println(p) <span class="hljs-comment">// &quot;{2, 4}&quot;</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x4E0D;&#x904E;&#x5F8C;&#x9EAB;&#x5169;&#x7A2E;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x6709;&#x4E9B;&#x7B28;&#x62D9;&#x3002;&#x5016;&#x904B;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#xFF0C;go&#x8A9E;&#x8A00;&#x672C;&#x8EAB;&#x5728;&#x9019;&#x7A2E;&#x5730;&#x65B9;&#x6703;&#x5E6B;&#x5230;&#x6211;&#x5011;&#x3002;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x63A5;&#x6536;&#x5668;p&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x500B;Point&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x8B8A;&#x91CF;&#xFF0C;&#x4F75;&#x4E14;&#x5176;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x4E00;&#x500B;Point&#x6307;&#x937C;&#x4F5C;&#x70BA;&#x63A5;&#x6536;&#x5668;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x5011;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7528;&#x4E0B;&#x9EAB;&#x9019;&#x7A2E;&#x7C21;&#x77ED;&#x7684;&#x5BEB;&#x6CD5;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go">p.ScaleBy(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>)
</code></pre>
<p>&#x7DE8;&#x8B6F;&#x5668;&#x6703;&#x96B1;&#x5F0F;&#x5730;&#x5E6B;&#x6211;&#x5011;&#x7528;&amp;p&#x53BB;&#x8ABF;&#x7528;ScaleBy&#x9019;&#x500B;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x3002;&#x9019;&#x7A2E;&#x7C21;&#x5BEB;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x96BB;&#x9069;&#x7528;&#x65BC;&#x201C;&#x8B8A;&#x91CF;&#x201D;&#xFF0C;&#x5305;&#x62EC;struct&#x88CF;&#x7684;&#x5B57;&#x6BB5;&#x6BD4;&#x5982;p.X&#xFF0C;&#x4EE5;&#x53CA;array&#x548C;slice&#x5167;&#x7684;&#x5143;&#x7D20;&#x6BD4;&#x5982;perim[0]&#x3002;&#x6211;&#x5011;&#x4E0D;&#x80FD;&#x901A;&#x904E;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x7121;&#x6CD5;&#x53D6;&#x5230;&#x5730;&#x5740;&#x7684;&#x63A5;&#x6536;&#x5668;&#x4F86;&#x8ABF;&#x7528;&#x6307;&#x937C;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#xFF0C;&#x6BD4;&#x5982;&#x81E8;&#x6642;&#x8B8A;&#x91CF;&#x7684;&#x5167;&#x5B58;&#x5730;&#x5740;&#x5C31;&#x7121;&#x6CD5;&#x7A6B;&#x53D6;&#x5F97;&#x5230;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go">Point{<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>}.ScaleBy(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>) <span class="hljs-comment">// compile error: can&apos;t take address of Point literal</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x6211;&#x5011;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7528;&#x4E00;&#x500B;<code>*Point</code>&#x9019;&#x6A23;&#x7684;&#x63A5;&#x6536;&#x5668;&#x4F86;&#x8ABF;&#x7528;Point&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x70BA;&#x6211;&#x5011;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x901A;&#x904E;&#x5730;&#x5740;&#x4F86;&#x627E;&#x5230;&#x9019;&#x500B;&#x8B8A;&#x91CF;&#xFF0C;&#x96BB;&#x8981;&#x7528;&#x89E3;&#x5F15;&#x7528;&#x7B26;&#x865F;<code>*</code>&#x4F86;&#x53D6;&#x5230;&#x8A72;&#x8B8A;&#x91CF;&#x537D;&#x53EF;&#x3002;&#x7DE8;&#x8B6F;&#x5668;&#x5728;&#x9019;&#x88CF;&#x4E5F;&#x6703;&#x7D66;&#x6211;&#x5011;&#x96B1;&#x5F0F;&#x5730;&#x63D2;&#x5165;<code>*</code>&#x9019;&#x500B;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x7B26;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#x4E0B;&#x9EAB;&#x9019;&#x5169;&#x7A2E;&#x5BEB;&#x6CD5;&#x7B49;&#x50F9;&#x7684;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go">pptr.Distance(q)
(*pptr).Distance(q)
</code></pre>
<p>Let&#x2019;s summarize these three cases again, since they are a frequent point of confusion. In every valid method call expression, exactly one of these three statements is true.
&#x9019;&#x88CF;&#x7684;&#x5E7E;&#x500B;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x8B93;&#x4F60;&#x6709;&#x4E9B;&#x774F;&#x60D1;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#x6211;&#x5011;&#x7E3D;&#x7D50;&#x4E00;&#x4E0B;&#xFF1A;&#x5728;&#x6BCF;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x95A4;&#x6CD5;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x8ABF;&#x7528;&#x9336;&#x9054;&#x5F0F;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x4E5F;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x4E0B;&#x9EAB;&#x4E09;&#x7A2E;&#x60C5;&#x6CC1;&#x88CF;&#x7684;&#x4EFB;&#x610F;&#x4E00;&#x7A2E;&#x60C5;&#x6CC1;&#x90FD;&#x662F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7684;&#xFF1A;</p>
<p>&#x4E0D;&#x8AD6;&#x662F;&#x63A5;&#x6536;&#x5668;&#x7684;&#x5BE6;&#x969B;&#x53C3;&#x6578;&#x548C;&#x5176;&#x63A5;&#x6536;&#x5668;&#x7684;&#x5F62;&#x5F0F;&#x53C3;&#x6578;&#x76F8;&#x8855;&#xFF0C;&#x6BD4;&#x5982;&#x5169;&#x8005;&#x90FD;&#x662F;&#x985E;&#x578B;T&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x90FD;&#x662F;&#x985E;&#x578B;<code>*T</code>&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go">Point{<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>}.Distance(q) <span class="hljs-comment">// Point</span>
pptr.ScaleBy(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>) <span class="hljs-comment">// *Point</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x63A5;&#x6536;&#x5668;&#x5F62;&#x53C3;&#x662F;&#x985E;&#x578B;T&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x63A5;&#x6536;&#x5668;&#x5BE6;&#x53C3;&#x662F;&#x985E;&#x578B;<code>*T</code>&#xFF0C;&#x9019;&#x7A2E;&#x60C5;&#x6CC1;&#x4E0B;&#x7DE8;&#x8B6F;&#x5668;&#x6703;&#x96B1;&#x5F0F;&#x5730;&#x70BA;&#x6211;&#x5011;&#x53D6;&#x8B8A;&#x91CF;&#x7684;&#x5730;&#x5740;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go">p.ScaleBy(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>) <span class="hljs-comment">// implicit (&amp;p)</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x63A5;&#x6536;&#x5668;&#x5F62;&#x53C3;&#x662F;&#x985E;&#x578B;<code>*T</code>&#xFF0C;&#x5BE6;&#x53C3;&#x662F;&#x985E;&#x578B;T&#x3002;&#x7DE8;&#x8B6F;&#x5668;&#x6703;&#x96B1;&#x5F0F;&#x5730;&#x70BA;&#x6211;&#x5011;&#x89E3;&#x5F15;&#x7528;&#xFF0C;&#x53D6;&#x5230;&#x6307;&#x937C;&#x6307;&#x66CF;&#x7684;&#x5BE6;&#x969B;&#x8B8A;&#x91CF;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go">pptr.Distance(q) <span class="hljs-comment">// implicit (*pptr)</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x985E;&#x578B;T&#x7684;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x90FD;&#x662F;&#x7528;T&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x81EA;&#x5DF1;&#x4F86;&#x505A;&#x63A5;&#x6536;&#x5668;(&#x800C;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;<code>*T</code>)&#xFF0C;&#x90A3;&#x9EBC;&#x62F7;&#x8C9D;&#x9019;&#x7A2E;&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x5BE6;&#x4F8B;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x5B89;&#x5168;&#x7684;&#xFF1B;&#x8ABF;&#x7528;&#x4ED6;&#x7684;&#x4EFB;&#x4F55;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x4E5F;&#x5C31;&#x6703;&#x7522;&#x751F;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x503C;&#x7684;&#x62F7;&#x8C9D;&#x3002;&#x6BD4;&#x5982;time.Duration&#x7684;&#x9019;&#x500B;&#x985E;&#x578B;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;&#x8ABF;&#x7528;&#x5176;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x6642;&#x5C31;&#x6703;&#x88AB;&#x5168;&#x90E8;&#x62F7;&#x8C9D;&#x4E00;&#x4EFD;&#xFF0C;&#x5305;&#x62EC;&#x5728;&#x4F5C;&#x70BA;&#x53C3;&#x6578;&#x50B3;&#x5165;&#x51FD;&#x6578;&#x7684;&#x6642;&#x5019;&#x3002;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x6307;&#x937C;&#x4F5C;&#x70BA;&#x63A5;&#x6536;&#x5668;&#xFF0C;&#x4F60;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x907F;&#x514D;&#x5C0D;&#x5176;&#x9032;&#x884C;&#x62F7;&#x8C9D;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x70BA;&#x9019;&#x6A23;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x6703;&#x7834;&#x58DE;&#x6389;&#x8A72;&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x5167;&#x90E8;&#x7684;&#x4E0D;&#x8B8A;&#x6027;&#x3002;&#x6BD4;&#x5982;&#x4F60;&#x5C0D;bytes.Buffer&#x5C0D;&#x8C61;&#x9032;&#x884C;&#x4E86;&#x62F7;&#x8C9D;&#xFF0C;&#x90A3;&#x9EBC;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x6703;&#x5F15;&#x8D77;&#x539F;&#x59CB;&#x5C0D;&#x8C61;&#x548C;&#x62F7;&#x8C9D;&#x5C0D;&#x8C61;&#x96BB;&#x662F;&#x5F46;&#x540D;&#x800C;&#x5DF2;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x5BE6;&#x969B;&#x4E0A;&#x5176;&#x6307;&#x66CF;&#x7684;&#x5C0D;&#x8C61;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x7DFB;&#x7684;&#x3002;&#x7DCA;&#x63A5;&#x7740;&#x5C0D;&#x62F7;&#x8C9D;&#x5F8C;&#x7684;&#x8B8A;&#x91CF;&#x9032;&#x884C;&#x8129;&#x6539;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x6703;&#x6709;&#x8B93;&#x4F60;&#x610F;&#x5916;&#x7684;&#x7D50;&#x679C;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x8B6F;&#x8A3B;&#xFF1A;&#x4F5C;&#x8005;&#x9019;&#x88CF;&#x8AAA;&#x7684;&#x6BD4;&#x8F03;&#x7E5E;&#xFF0C;&#x5176;&#x5BE6;&#x6709;&#x5169;&#x9EDE;&#xFF1A;
1.&#x4E0D;&#x7BA1;&#x4F60;&#x7684;method&#x7684;receiver&#x662F;&#x6307;&#x937C;&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x9084;&#x662F;&#x975E;&#x6307;&#x937C;&#x985E;&#x578B;&#xFF0C;&#x90FD;&#x662F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x901A;&#x904E;&#x6307;&#x937C;/&#x975E;&#x6307;&#x937C;&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x9032;&#x884C;&#x8ABF;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x7DE8;&#x8B6F;&#x5668;&#x6703;&#x5E6B;&#x4F60;&#x505A;&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x8F49;&#x63DB;
2.&#x5728;&#x8072;&#x660E;&#x4E00;&#x500B;method&#x7684;receiver&#x8A72;&#x662F;&#x6307;&#x937C;&#x9084;&#x662F;&#x975E;&#x6307;&#x937C;&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x6642;&#xFF0C;&#x4F60;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x8003;&#x616E;&#x5169;&#x65B9;&#x9EAB;&#x7684;&#x5167;&#x90E8;&#xFF0C;&#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#x65B9;&#x9EAB;&#x662F;&#x9019;&#x500B;&#x5C0D;&#x8C61;&#x672C;&#x8EAB;&#x662F;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;&#x7279;&#x5F46;&#x5927;&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x8072;&#x660E;&#x70BA;&#x975E;&#x6307;&#x937C;&#x8B8A;&#x91CF;&#x6642;&#xFF0C;&#x8ABF;&#x7528;&#x6703;&#x7522;&#x751F;&#x4E00;&#x6B21;&#x62F7;&#x8C9D;&#xFF1B;&#x7B2C;&#x4E8C;&#x65B9;&#x9EAB;&#x662F;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x4F60;&#x7528;&#x6307;&#x937C;&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x4F5C;&#x70BA;receiver&#xFF0C;&#x90A3;&#x9EBC;&#x4F60;&#x4E00;&#x5B9A;&#x8981;&#x8A3B;&#x610F;&#xFF0C;&#x9019;&#x7A2E;&#x6307;&#x937C;&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x6307;&#x66CF;&#x7684;&#x59CB;&#x7D42;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x584A;&#x5167;&#x5B58;&#x5730;&#x5740;&#xFF0C;&#x5C31;&#x7B97;&#x4F60;&#x5C0D;&#x5176;&#x9032;&#x884C;&#x4E86;&#x62F7;&#x8C9D;&#x3002;&#x719F;&#x6089;C&#x6216;&#x8005;C&#x8279;&#x7684;&#x4EBA;&#x9019;&#x88CF;&#x61C9;&#x8A72;&#x5F88;&#x5FEB;&#x80FD;&#x660E;&#x767D;&#x3002;</p>
<h3 id="621-nil&#x4E5F;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x95A4;&#x6CD5;&#x7684;&#x63A5;&#x6536;&#x5668;&#x985E;&#x578B;">6.2.1. Nil&#x4E5F;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x95A4;&#x6CD5;&#x7684;&#x63A5;&#x6536;&#x5668;&#x985E;&#x578B;</h3>
<p>&#x5C31;&#x50CF;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x51FD;&#x6578;&#x5141;&#x8A31;nil&#x6307;&#x937C;&#x4F5C;&#x70BA;&#x53C3;&#x6578;&#x4E00;&#x6A23;&#xFF0C;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x7406;&#x8AD6;&#x4E0A;&#x4E5F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7528;nil&#x6307;&#x937C;&#x4F5C;&#x70BA;&#x5176;&#x63A5;&#x6536;&#x5668;&#xFF0C;&#x5C24;&#x5176;&#x7576;nil&#x5C0D;&#x65BC;&#x5C0D;&#x8C61;&#x4F86;&#x8AAA;&#x662F;&#x95A4;&#x6CD5;&#x7684;&#x96F6;&#x503C;&#x6642;&#xFF0C;&#x6BD4;&#x5982;map&#x6216;&#x8005;slice&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x4E0B;&#x9EAB;&#x7684;&#x7C21;&#x55AE;int&#x93C8;&#x9336;&#x7684;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#x88CF;&#xFF0C;nil&#x4EE3;&#x9336;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#x7A7A;&#x93C8;&#x9336;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-comment">// An IntList is a linked list of integers.</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// A nil *IntList represents the empty list.</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> IntList <span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span> {
Value <span class="hljs-typename">int</span>
Tail *IntList
}
<span class="hljs-comment">// Sum returns the sum of the list elements.</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (list *IntList) Sum() <span class="hljs-typename">int</span> {
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> list == <span class="hljs-constant">nil</span> {
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-number">0</span>
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> list.Value + list.Tail.Sum()
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x7576;&#x4F60;&#x5B9A;&#x7FA9;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x5141;&#x8A31;nil&#x4F5C;&#x70BA;&#x63A5;&#x6536;&#x5668;&#x503C;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x7684;&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x6642;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x524D;&#x9EAB;&#x7684;&#x8A3B;&#x91CB;&#x4E2D;&#x6307;&#x9F63;nil&#x8B8A;&#x91CF;&#x4EE3;&#x9336;&#x7684;&#x610F;&#x7FA9;&#x662F;&#x5F88;&#x6709;&#x5FC5;&#x8981;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x5C31;&#x50CF;&#x6211;&#x5011;&#x4E0A;&#x9EAB;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#x88CF;&#x505A;&#x7684;&#x9019;&#x6A23;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x4E0B;&#x9EAB;&#x662F;net/url&#x5305;&#x88CF;Values&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x5B9A;&#x7FA9;&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go">net/url
<span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> url
<span class="hljs-comment">// Values maps a string key to a list of values.</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> Values <span class="hljs-keyword">map</span>[<span class="hljs-typename">string</span>][]<span class="hljs-typename">string</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// Get returns the first value associated with the given key,</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// or &quot;&quot; if there are none.</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (v Values) Get(key <span class="hljs-typename">string</span>) <span class="hljs-typename">string</span> {
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> vs := v[key]; <span class="hljs-built_in">len</span>(vs) &gt; <span class="hljs-number">0</span> {
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> vs[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>]
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;&quot;</span>
}
<span class="hljs-comment">// Add adds the value to key.</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// It appends to any existing values associated with key.</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (v Values) Add(key, value <span class="hljs-typename">string</span>) {
v[key] = <span class="hljs-built_in">append</span>(v[key], value)
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x9019;&#x500B;&#x5B9A;&#x7FA9;&#x66CF;&#x5916;&#x90E8;&#x66B4;&#x9732;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x500B;map&#x7684;&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x8B8A;&#x91CF;&#xFF0C;&#x4F75;&#x4E14;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x80FD;&#x5920;&#x7C21;&#x55AE;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x9019;&#x500B;map&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x3002;&#x9019;&#x500B;map&#x7684;value&#x5B57;&#x6BB5;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x500B;string&#x7684;slice&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#x9019;&#x500B;Values&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x591A;&#x7DAD;map&#x3002;&#x5BA2;&#x6236;&#x7AEF;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x9019;&#x500B;&#x8B8A;&#x91CF;&#x7684;&#x6642;&#x5019;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;map&#x56FA;&#x6709;&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;(make&#xFF0C;&#x5207;&#x7247;&#xFF0C;m[key]&#x7B49;&#x7B49;)&#xFF0C;&#x4E5F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x9019;&#x88CF;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x7684;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#xFF0C;&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x5169;&#x8005;&#x4F75;&#x7528;&#xFF0C;&#x90FD;&#x662F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7684;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go">gopl.io/ch6/urlvalues
m := url.Values{<span class="hljs-string">&quot;lang&quot;</span>: {<span class="hljs-string">&quot;en&quot;</span>}} <span class="hljs-comment">// direct construction</span>
m.Add(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;item&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;1&quot;</span>)
m.Add(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;item&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;2&quot;</span>)
fmt.Println(m.Get(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;lang&quot;</span>)) <span class="hljs-comment">// &quot;en&quot;</span>
fmt.Println(m.Get(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;q&quot;</span>)) <span class="hljs-comment">// &quot;&quot;</span>
fmt.Println(m.Get(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;item&quot;</span>)) <span class="hljs-comment">// &quot;1&quot; (first value)</span>
fmt.Println(m[<span class="hljs-string">&quot;item&quot;</span>]) <span class="hljs-comment">// &quot;[1 2]&quot; (direct map access)</span>
m = <span class="hljs-constant">nil</span>
fmt.Println(m.Get(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;item&quot;</span>)) <span class="hljs-comment">// &quot;&quot;</span>
m.Add(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;item&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;3&quot;</span>) <span class="hljs-comment">// panic: assignment to entry in nil map</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5C0D;Get&#x7684;&#x6700;&#x5F8C;&#x4E00;&#x6B21;&#x8ABF;&#x7528;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;nil&#x63A5;&#x6536;&#x5668;&#x7684;&#x884C;&#x70BA;&#x537D;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x7A7A;map&#x7684;&#x884C;&#x70BA;&#x3002;&#x6211;&#x5011;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7B49;&#x50F9;&#x5730;&#x5C07;&#x9019;&#x500B;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x5BEB;&#x6210;Value(nil).Get(&quot;item&quot;)&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x4F60;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x5BEB;nil.Get(&quot;item&quot;)&#x7684;&#x8A71;&#x662F;&#x7121;&#x6CD5;&#x901A;&#x904E;&#x7DE8;&#x8B6F;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x70BA;nil&#x7684;&#x5B57;&#x9EAB;&#x91CF;&#x7DE8;&#x8B6F;&#x5668;&#x7121;&#x6CD5;&#x5224;&#x65B7;&#x5176;&#x6E96;&#x5099;&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x3002;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#x76F8;&#x6BD4;&#x4E4B;&#x4E0B;&#xFF0C;&#x6700;&#x5F8C;&#x7684;&#x90A3;&#x884C;m.Add&#x7684;&#x8ABF;&#x7528;&#x5C31;&#x6703;&#x7522;&#x751F;&#x4E00;&#x500B;panic&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x70BA;&#x4ED6;&#x5690;&#x8A66;&#x66F4;&#x65B0;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x7A7A;map&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x7531;&#x65BC;url.Values&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x500B;map&#x985E;&#x578B;&#xFF0C;&#x4F75;&#x4E14;&#x9593;&#x63A5;&#x5F15;&#x7528;&#x4E86;&#x5176;key/value&#x5C0D;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;url.Values.Add&#x5C0D;&#x9019;&#x500B;map&#x88CF;&#x7684;&#x5143;&#x7D20;&#x505A;&#x4EFB;&#x4F55;&#x7684;&#x66F4;&#x65B0;&#x3001;&#x522A;&#x9664;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x5C0D;&#x8ABF;&#x7528;&#x65B9;&#x90FD;&#x662F;&#x53EF;&#x898B;&#x7684;&#x3002;&#x5BE6;&#x969B;&#x4E0A;&#xFF0C;&#x5C31;&#x50CF;&#x5728;&#x666E;&#x901A;&#x51FD;&#x6578;&#x4E2D;&#x4E00;&#x6A23;&#xFF0C;&#x96D6;&#x7136;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x901A;&#x904E;&#x5F15;&#x7528;&#x4F86;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x5167;&#x90E8;&#x503C;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x5728;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x60F3;&#x8981;&#x8129;&#x6539;&#x5F15;&#x7528;&#x672C;&#x8EAB;&#x662F;&#x4E0D;&#x6703;&#x5F71;&#x97FF;&#x539F;&#x59CB;&#x503C;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x6BD4;&#x5982;&#x628A;&#x4ED6;&#x7F6E;&#x70BA;nil&#xFF0C;&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x8B93;&#x9019;&#x500B;&#x5F15;&#x7528;&#x6307;&#x66CF;&#x4E86;&#x5176;&#x5B83;&#x7684;&#x5C0D;&#x8C61;&#xFF0C;&#x8ABF;&#x7528;&#x65B9;&#x90FD;&#x4E0D;&#x6703;&#x53D7;&#x5F71;&#x97FF;&#x3002;(&#x8B6F;&#x8A3B;&#xFF1A;&#x56E0;&#x70BA;&#x50B3;&#x5165;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#x5B58;&#x5132;&#x4E86;&#x5167;&#x5B58;&#x5730;&#x5740;&#x7684;&#x8B8A;&#x91CF;&#xFF0C;&#x4F60;&#x6539;&#x8B8A;&#x9019;&#x500B;&#x8B8A;&#x91CF;&#x662F;&#x5F71;&#x97FF;&#x4E0D;&#x4E86;&#x539F;&#x59CB;&#x7684;&#x8B8A;&#x91CF;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x60F3;&#x60F3;C&#x8A9E;&#x8A00;&#xFF0C;&#x662F;&#x5DEE;&#x4E0D;&#x591A;&#x7684;)</p>
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