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2015-12-14 04:08:47 +00:00
< div class = "book" data-level = "14.1" data-chapter-title = "第一章 入門" data-filepath = "exercise/ex-ch1.md" data-basepath = ".." data-revision = "Mon Dec 14 2015 11:30:54 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)" >
2015-12-09 07:57:17 +00:00
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前言
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< b > 0.1.< / b >
Go語言起源
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< b > 0.2.< / b >
Go語言項目
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< b > 0.3.< / b >
本書的組織
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< b > 0.4.< / b >
更多的信息
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< b > 0.5.< / b >
緻謝
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< b > 1.< / b >
入門
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< b > 1.1.< / b >
Hello, World
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< b > 1.2.< / b >
命令行參數
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< b > 1.3.< / b >
査找重復的行
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< b > 1.4.< / b >
GIF動畫
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< b > 1.5.< / b >
穫取URL
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< b > 1.6.< / b >
併髮穫取多個URL
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< b > 1.7.< / b >
Web服務
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< b > 1.8.< / b >
本章要點
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< b > 2.< / b >
程序結構
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< b > 2.1.< / b >
命名
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< b > 2.2.< / b >
聲明
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< b > 2.3.< / b >
變量
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< b > 2.4.< / b >
賦值
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< b > 2.5.< / b >
類型
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< b > 2.6.< / b >
包和文件
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< b > 2.7.< / b >
作用域
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< b > 3.< / b >
基礎數據類型
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< b > 3.1.< / b >
整型
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< b > 3.2.< / b >
浮點數
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< b > 3.3.< / b >
復數
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< b > 3.4.< / b >
佈爾型
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< b > 3.5.< / b >
字符串
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< b > 3.6.< / b >
常量
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4" data-path = "ch4/ch4.html" >
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< b > 4.< / b >
復閤數據類型
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< b > 4.1.< / b >
數組
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.2" data-path = "ch4/ch4-02.html" >
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< b > 4.2.< / b >
切片
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.3" data-path = "ch4/ch4-03.html" >
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< b > 4.3.< / b >
字典
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< b > 4.4.< / b >
結構體
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< b > 4.5.< / b >
JSON
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< b > 4.6.< / b >
文本和HTML模闆
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5" data-path = "ch5/ch5.html" >
< a href = "../ch5/ch5.html" >
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< b > 5.< / b >
函數
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< b > 5.1.< / b >
函數聲明
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2" data-path = "ch5/ch5-02.html" >
< a href = "../ch5/ch5-02.html" >
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< b > 5.2.< / b >
遞歸
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.3" data-path = "ch5/ch5-03.html" >
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< b > 5.3.< / b >
多返迴值
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.4" data-path = "ch5/ch5-04.html" >
< a href = "../ch5/ch5-04.html" >
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< b > 5.4.< / b >
錯誤
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.5" data-path = "ch5/ch5-05.html" >
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< b > 5.5.< / b >
函數值
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6" data-path = "ch5/ch5-06.html" >
< a href = "../ch5/ch5-06.html" >
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< b > 5.6.< / b >
匿名函數
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.7" data-path = "ch5/ch5-07.html" >
< a href = "../ch5/ch5-07.html" >
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< b > 5.7.< / b >
可變參數
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.8" data-path = "ch5/ch5-08.html" >
< a href = "../ch5/ch5-08.html" >
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< b > 5.8.< / b >
Deferred函數
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.9" data-path = "ch5/ch5-09.html" >
< a href = "../ch5/ch5-09.html" >
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< b > 5.9.< / b >
Panic異常
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.10" data-path = "ch5/ch5-10.html" >
< a href = "../ch5/ch5-10.html" >
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< b > 5.10.< / b >
Recover捕穫異常
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6" data-path = "ch6/ch6.html" >
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< b > 6.< / b >
方法
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.1" data-path = "ch6/ch6-01.html" >
< a href = "../ch6/ch6-01.html" >
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< b > 6.1.< / b >
方法聲明
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.2" data-path = "ch6/ch6-02.html" >
< a href = "../ch6/ch6-02.html" >
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< b > 6.2.< / b >
基於指鍼對象的方法
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3" data-path = "ch6/ch6-03.html" >
< a href = "../ch6/ch6-03.html" >
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< b > 6.3.< / b >
通過嵌入結構體來擴展類型
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.4" data-path = "ch6/ch6-04.html" >
< a href = "../ch6/ch6-04.html" >
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< b > 6.4.< / b >
方法值和方法錶達式
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.5" data-path = "ch6/ch6-05.html" >
< a href = "../ch6/ch6-05.html" >
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< b > 6.5.< / b >
示例: Bit數組
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.6" data-path = "ch6/ch6-06.html" >
< a href = "../ch6/ch6-06.html" >
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< b > 6.6.< / b >
封裝
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7" data-path = "ch7/ch7.html" >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7.html" >
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< b > 7.< / b >
接口
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< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.1" data-path = "ch7/ch7-01.html" >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-01.html" >
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< b > 7.1.< / b >
接口是閤約
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.2" data-path = "ch7/ch7-02.html" >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-02.html" >
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< b > 7.2.< / b >
接口類型
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.3" data-path = "ch7/ch7-03.html" >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-03.html" >
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< b > 7.3.< / b >
實現接口的條件
< / a >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.4" data-path = "ch7/ch7-04.html" >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-04.html" >
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< b > 7.4.< / b >
flag.Value接口
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.5" data-path = "ch7/ch7-05.html" >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-05.html" >
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< b > 7.5.< / b >
接口值
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.6" data-path = "ch7/ch7-06.html" >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-06.html" >
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< b > 7.6.< / b >
sort.Interface接口
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.7" data-path = "ch7/ch7-07.html" >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-07.html" >
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< b > 7.7.< / b >
http.Handler接口
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.8" data-path = "ch7/ch7-08.html" >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-08.html" >
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< b > 7.8.< / b >
error接口
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.9" data-path = "ch7/ch7-09.html" >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-09.html" >
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< b > 7.9.< / b >
示例: 錶達式求值
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.10" data-path = "ch7/ch7-10.html" >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-10.html" >
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< b > 7.10.< / b >
類型斷言
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.11" data-path = "ch7/ch7-11.html" >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-11.html" >
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< b > 7.11.< / b >
基於類型斷言識彆錯誤類型
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.12" data-path = "ch7/ch7-12.html" >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-12.html" >
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< b > 7.12.< / b >
通過類型斷言査詢接口
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.13" data-path = "ch7/ch7-13.html" >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-13.html" >
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< b > 7.13.< / b >
類型分支
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.14" data-path = "ch7/ch7-14.html" >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-14.html" >
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< b > 7.14.< / b >
示例: 基於標記的XML解碼
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.15" data-path = "ch7/ch7-15.html" >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-15.html" >
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< b > 7.15.< / b >
補充幾點
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8" data-path = "ch8/ch8.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8.html" >
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< b > 8.< / b >
Goroutines和Channels
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.1" data-path = "ch8/ch8-01.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-01.html" >
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< b > 8.1.< / b >
Goroutines
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.2" data-path = "ch8/ch8-02.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-02.html" >
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< b > 8.2.< / b >
示例: 併髮的Clock服務
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.3" data-path = "ch8/ch8-03.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-03.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 8.3.< / b >
示例: 併髮的Echo服務
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.4" data-path = "ch8/ch8-04.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-04.html" >
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< b > 8.4.< / b >
Channels
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.5" data-path = "ch8/ch8-05.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-05.html" >
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< b > 8.5.< / b >
併行的循環
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.6" data-path = "ch8/ch8-06.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-06.html" >
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< b > 8.6.< / b >
示例: 併髮的Web爬蟲
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.7" data-path = "ch8/ch8-07.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-07.html" >
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< b > 8.7.< / b >
基於select的多路復用
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.8" data-path = "ch8/ch8-08.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-08.html" >
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< b > 8.8.< / b >
示例: 併髮的字典遍歷
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.9" data-path = "ch8/ch8-09.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-09.html" >
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< b > 8.9.< / b >
併髮的退齣
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.10" data-path = "ch8/ch8-10.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-10.html" >
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< b > 8.10.< / b >
示例: 聊天服務
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< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9" data-path = "ch9/ch9.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.< / b >
基於共享變量的併髮
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< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.1" data-path = "ch9/ch9-01.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-01.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.1.< / b >
競爭條件
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.2" data-path = "ch9/ch9-02.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-02.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.2.< / b >
sync.Mutex互斥鎖
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.3" data-path = "ch9/ch9-03.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-03.html" >
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< b > 9.3.< / b >
sync.RWMutex讀寫鎖
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.4" data-path = "ch9/ch9-04.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-04.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.4.< / b >
內存衕步
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.5" data-path = "ch9/ch9-05.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-05.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.5.< / b >
sync.Once初始化
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.6" data-path = "ch9/ch9-06.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-06.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.6.< / b >
競爭條件檢測
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.7" data-path = "ch9/ch9-07.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-07.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.7.< / b >
示例: 併髮的非阻塞緩存
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.8" data-path = "ch9/ch9-08.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-08.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.8.< / b >
Goroutines和綫程
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< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10" data-path = "ch10/ch10.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 10.< / b >
包和工具
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.1" data-path = "ch10/ch10-01.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10-01.html" >
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< b > 10.1.< / b >
簡介
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.2" data-path = "ch10/ch10-02.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10-02.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 10.2.< / b >
導入路徑
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.3" data-path = "ch10/ch10-03.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10-03.html" >
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< b > 10.3.< / b >
包聲明
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.4" data-path = "ch10/ch10-04.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10-04.html" >
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< b > 10.4.< / b >
導入聲明
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.5" data-path = "ch10/ch10-05.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10-05.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 10.5.< / b >
匿名導入
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.6" data-path = "ch10/ch10-06.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10-06.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 10.6.< / b >
包和命名
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.7" data-path = "ch10/ch10-07.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10-07.html" >
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< b > 10.7.< / b >
工具
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< / li >
< / ul >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "11" data-path = "ch11/ch11.html" >
< a href = "../ch11/ch11.html" >
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< b > 11.< / b >
測試
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "11.1" data-path = "ch11/ch11-01.html" >
< a href = "../ch11/ch11-01.html" >
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< b > 11.1.< / b >
go test
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "11.2" data-path = "ch11/ch11-02.html" >
< a href = "../ch11/ch11-02.html" >
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< b > 11.2.< / b >
測試函數
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "11.3" data-path = "ch11/ch11-03.html" >
< a href = "../ch11/ch11-03.html" >
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< b > 11.3.< / b >
測試覆蓋率
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "11.4" data-path = "ch11/ch11-04.html" >
< a href = "../ch11/ch11-04.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 11.4.< / b >
基準測試
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "11.5" data-path = "ch11/ch11-05.html" >
< a href = "../ch11/ch11-05.html" >
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< b > 11.5.< / b >
剖析
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "11.6" data-path = "ch11/ch11-06.html" >
< a href = "../ch11/ch11-06.html" >
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< b > 11.6.< / b >
示例函數
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< / li >
< / ul >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12" data-path = "ch12/ch12.html" >
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< b > 12.< / b >
反射
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< ul class = "articles" >
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< a href = "../ch12/ch12-01.html" >
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< b > 12.1.< / b >
為何需要反射?
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.2" data-path = "ch12/ch12-02.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-02.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 12.2.< / b >
reflect.Type和reflect.Value
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.3" data-path = "ch12/ch12-03.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-03.html" >
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< b > 12.3.< / b >
Display遞歸打印
< / a >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.4" data-path = "ch12/ch12-04.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-04.html" >
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< b > 12.4.< / b >
示例: 編碼S錶達式
< / a >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.5" data-path = "ch12/ch12-05.html" >
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< b > 12.5.< / b >
通過reflect.Value脩改值
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.6" data-path = "ch12/ch12-06.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-06.html" >
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< b > 12.6.< / b >
示例: 解碼S錶達式
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.7" data-path = "ch12/ch12-07.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-07.html" >
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< b > 12.7.< / b >
穫取結構體字段標識
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.8" data-path = "ch12/ch12-08.html" >
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< b > 12.8.< / b >
顯示一個類型的方法集
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.9" data-path = "ch12/ch12-09.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-09.html" >
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< b > 12.9.< / b >
幾點忠告
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< / ul >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "13" data-path = "ch13/ch13.html" >
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< b > 13.< / b >
底層編程
< / a >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "13.1" data-path = "ch13/ch13-01.html" >
< a href = "../ch13/ch13-01.html" >
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< b > 13.1.< / b >
unsafe.Sizeof, Alignof 和 Offsetof
< / a >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "13.2" data-path = "ch13/ch13-02.html" >
< a href = "../ch13/ch13-02.html" >
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< b > 13.2.< / b >
unsafe.Pointer
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "13.3" data-path = "ch13/ch13-03.html" >
< a href = "../ch13/ch13-03.html" >
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< b > 13.3.< / b >
示例: 深度相等判斷
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "13.4" data-path = "ch13/ch13-04.html" >
< a href = "../ch13/ch13-04.html" >
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< b > 13.4.< / b >
通過cgo調用C代碼
< / a >
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< b > 13.5.< / b >
幾點忠告
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< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "14" data-path = "exercise/ex.html" >
< a href = "../exercise/ex.html" >
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< b > 14.< / b >
習題解答
< / a >
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< li class = "chapter active" data-level = "14.1" data-path = "exercise/ex-ch1.html" >
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< b > 14.1.< / b >
第一章 入門
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "15" data-path = "errata.html" >
< a href = "../errata.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 15.< / b >
勘誤
< / a >
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< li class = "divider" > < / li >
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< a href = "https://www.gitbook.com" target = "blank" class = "gitbook-link" >
本書使用 GitBook 釋出
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< h2 id = "習題解答-第一章-入門" > 習 題 解 答 : 第 一 章 入 門 < / h2 >
< p > < strong > 練 習 1.1:< / strong > 脩 改 echo程 序 ， 使 其 能 夠 打 印 os.Args[0]。 < / p >
< p > TODO< / p >
< p > < strong > 練 習 1.2:< / strong > 脩 改 echo程 序 ， 使 其 打 印 value和 index， 每 個 value和 index顯 示 一 行 。 < / p >
< p > < strong > 練 習 1.3:< / strong > 上 手 實 踐 前 麫 提 到 的 strings.Join和 直 接 Println， 併 觀 察 輸 齣 結 果 的 區 彆 。 < / p >
< p > < strong > 練 習 1.4:< / strong > 脩 改 dup2， 使 其 可 以 打 印 重 復 的 行 分 彆 齣 現 在 哪 些 文 件 。 < / p >
< p > < strong > 練 習 1.5:< / strong > 脩 改 前 麫 的 Lissajous程 序 裏 的 調 色 闆 ， 由 緑 色 改 為 黑 色 。 我 們 可 以 用 color.RGBA{0xRR, 0xGG, 0xBB}來 得 到 #RRGGBB這 個 色 值 ， 三 個 十 六 進 製 的 字 符 串 分 彆 代 錶 紅 、 緑 、 藍 像 素 。 < / p >
< p > < strong > 練 習 1.6:< / strong > 脩 改 Lissajous程 序 ， 脩 改 其 調 色 闆 來 生 成 更 豐 富 的 顔 色 ， 然 後 脩 改 SetColorIndex的 第 三 個 參 數 ， 看 看 顯 示 結 果 吧 。 < / p >
< p > < strong > 練 習 1.7:< / strong > 函 數 調 用 io.Copy(dst, src)會 從 src中 讀 取 內 容 ， 併 將 讀 到 的 結 果 寫 入 到 dst中 ， 使 用 這 個 函 數 替 代 掉 例 子 中 的 ioutil.ReadAll來 拷 貝 響 應 結 構 體 到 os.Stdout， 避 免 申 請 一 個 緩 衝 區 (例 子 中 的 b)來 存 儲 。 記 得 處 理 io.Copy返 迴 結 果 中 的 錯 誤 。 < / p >
< p > < strong > 練 習 1.8:< / strong > 脩 改 fetch這 個 範 例 ， 如 果 輸 入 的 url參 數 沒 有 < a href = "http://前綴的話，為這個url加上該前綴。你可能會用到strings.HasPrefix這個函數。" target = "_blank" > http://前 綴 的 話 ， 為 這 個 url加 上 該 前 綴 。 你 可 能 會 用 到 strings.HasPrefix這 個 函 數 。 < / a > < / p >
< p > < strong > 練 習 1.9:< / strong > 脩 改 fetch打 印 齣 HTTP協 議 的 狀 態 碼 ， 可 以 從 resp.Status變 量 得 到 該 狀 態 碼 。 < / p >
< p > < strong > 練 習 1.10:< / strong > 找 一 個 數 據 量 比 較 大 的 網 站 ， 用 本 小 節 中 的 程 序 調 研 網 站 的 緩 存 策 略 ， 對 每 個 URL執 行 兩 遍 請 求 ， 査 看 兩 次 時 間 是 否 有 較 大 的 差 彆 ， 併 且 每 次 穫 取 到 的 響 應 內 容 是 否 一 緻 ， 脩 改 本 節 中 的 程 序 ， 將 響 應 結 果 輸 齣 ， 以 便 於 進 行 對 比 。 < / p >
< p > < strong > 練 習 1.11:< / strong > Try fetchall with longer argument lists, such as samples from the top million web sites available at alexa.com. How does the program behave if a web site just doesn’ t respond? (Section 8.9 describes mechanisms for coping in such cases.) < / p >
< p > < strong > 練 習 1.12:< / strong > 脩 改 Lissajour服 務 ， 從 URL讀 取 變 量 ， 比 如 你 可 以 訪 問 < a href = "http://localhost:8000/?cycles=20這個URL，這樣訪問可以將程序裏的cycles默認的5脩改為20。字符串轉換為數字可以調用strconv.Atoi函數。你可以在dodoc裏査看strconv.Atoi的詳細說明。" target = "_blank" > http://localhost:8000/?cycles=20這 個 URL， 這 樣 訪 問 可 以 將 程 序 裏 的 cycles默 認 的 5脩 改 為 20。 字 符 串 轉 換 為 數 字 可 以 調 用 strconv.Atoi函 數 。 你 可 以 在 dodoc裏 査 看 strconv.Atoi的 詳 細 說 明 。 < / a > < / p >
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