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2015-12-16 02:56:29 +00:00
< div class = "book" data-level = "8" data-chapter-title = "Goroutines和Channels" data-filepath = "ch8/ch8.md" data-basepath = ".." data-revision = "Wed Dec 16 2015 10:54:29 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)" >
2015-12-09 07:57:17 +00:00
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前言
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< b > 0.1.< / b >
Go語言起源
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< b > 0.2.< / b >
Go語言項目
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< b > 0.3.< / b >
本書的組織
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< b > 0.4.< / b >
更多的信息
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< b > 0.5.< / b >
緻謝
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< b > 1.< / b >
入門
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< b > 1.1.< / b >
Hello, World
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< b > 1.2.< / b >
命令行參數
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< b > 1.3.< / b >
査找重復的行
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< b > 1.4.< / b >
GIF動畫
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< b > 1.5.< / b >
穫取URL
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< b > 1.6.< / b >
併髮穫取多個URL
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< b > 1.7.< / b >
Web服務
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< b > 1.8.< / b >
本章要點
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< b > 2.< / b >
程序結構
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< b > 2.1.< / b >
命名
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.2" data-path = "ch2/ch2-02.html" >
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< b > 2.2.< / b >
聲明
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< b > 2.3.< / b >
變量
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< b > 2.4.< / b >
賦值
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< b > 2.5.< / b >
類型
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< b > 2.6.< / b >
包和文件
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< b > 2.7.< / b >
作用域
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< b > 3.< / b >
基礎數據類型
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< b > 3.1.< / b >
整型
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< b > 3.2.< / b >
浮點數
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< b > 3.3.< / b >
復數
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< b > 3.4.< / b >
佈爾型
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< b > 3.5.< / b >
字符串
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< b > 3.6.< / b >
常量
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4" data-path = "ch4/ch4.html" >
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< b > 4.< / b >
復閤數據類型
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< b > 4.1.< / b >
數組
< / a >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.2" data-path = "ch4/ch4-02.html" >
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< b > 4.2.< / b >
切片
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.3" data-path = "ch4/ch4-03.html" >
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< b > 4.3.< / b >
字典
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< b > 4.4.< / b >
結構體
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< b > 4.5.< / b >
JSON
< / a >
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< b > 4.6.< / b >
文本和HTML模闆
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< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5" data-path = "ch5/ch5.html" >
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< b > 5.< / b >
函數
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< b > 5.1.< / b >
函數聲明
< / a >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2" data-path = "ch5/ch5-02.html" >
< a href = "../ch5/ch5-02.html" >
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< b > 5.2.< / b >
遞歸
< / a >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.3" data-path = "ch5/ch5-03.html" >
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< b > 5.3.< / b >
多返迴值
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.4" data-path = "ch5/ch5-04.html" >
< a href = "../ch5/ch5-04.html" >
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< b > 5.4.< / b >
錯誤
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.5" data-path = "ch5/ch5-05.html" >
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< b > 5.5.< / b >
函數值
< / a >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6" data-path = "ch5/ch5-06.html" >
< a href = "../ch5/ch5-06.html" >
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< b > 5.6.< / b >
匿名函數
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.7" data-path = "ch5/ch5-07.html" >
< a href = "../ch5/ch5-07.html" >
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< b > 5.7.< / b >
可變參數
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.8" data-path = "ch5/ch5-08.html" >
< a href = "../ch5/ch5-08.html" >
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< b > 5.8.< / b >
Deferred函數
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.9" data-path = "ch5/ch5-09.html" >
< a href = "../ch5/ch5-09.html" >
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< b > 5.9.< / b >
Panic異常
< / a >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.10" data-path = "ch5/ch5-10.html" >
< a href = "../ch5/ch5-10.html" >
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< b > 5.10.< / b >
Recover捕穫異常
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6" data-path = "ch6/ch6.html" >
< a href = "../ch6/ch6.html" >
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< b > 6.< / b >
方法
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.1" data-path = "ch6/ch6-01.html" >
< a href = "../ch6/ch6-01.html" >
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< b > 6.1.< / b >
方法聲明
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.2" data-path = "ch6/ch6-02.html" >
< a href = "../ch6/ch6-02.html" >
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< b > 6.2.< / b >
基於指鍼對象的方法
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3" data-path = "ch6/ch6-03.html" >
< a href = "../ch6/ch6-03.html" >
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< b > 6.3.< / b >
通過嵌入結構體來擴展類型
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.4" data-path = "ch6/ch6-04.html" >
< a href = "../ch6/ch6-04.html" >
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< b > 6.4.< / b >
方法值和方法錶達式
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.5" data-path = "ch6/ch6-05.html" >
< a href = "../ch6/ch6-05.html" >
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< b > 6.5.< / b >
示例: Bit數組
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.6" data-path = "ch6/ch6-06.html" >
< a href = "../ch6/ch6-06.html" >
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< b > 6.6.< / b >
封裝
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< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7" data-path = "ch7/ch7.html" >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7.html" >
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< b > 7.< / b >
接口
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< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.1" data-path = "ch7/ch7-01.html" >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-01.html" >
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< b > 7.1.< / b >
接口是閤約
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.2" data-path = "ch7/ch7-02.html" >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-02.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 7.2.< / b >
接口類型
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.3" data-path = "ch7/ch7-03.html" >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-03.html" >
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< b > 7.3.< / b >
實現接口的條件
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.4" data-path = "ch7/ch7-04.html" >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-04.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 7.4.< / b >
flag.Value接口
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.5" data-path = "ch7/ch7-05.html" >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-05.html" >
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< b > 7.5.< / b >
接口值
< / a >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.6" data-path = "ch7/ch7-06.html" >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-06.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 7.6.< / b >
sort.Interface接口
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.7" data-path = "ch7/ch7-07.html" >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-07.html" >
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< b > 7.7.< / b >
http.Handler接口
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.8" data-path = "ch7/ch7-08.html" >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-08.html" >
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< b > 7.8.< / b >
error接口
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.9" data-path = "ch7/ch7-09.html" >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-09.html" >
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< b > 7.9.< / b >
示例: 錶達式求值
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.10" data-path = "ch7/ch7-10.html" >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-10.html" >
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< b > 7.10.< / b >
類型斷言
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.11" data-path = "ch7/ch7-11.html" >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-11.html" >
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< b > 7.11.< / b >
基於類型斷言識彆錯誤類型
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.12" data-path = "ch7/ch7-12.html" >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-12.html" >
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< b > 7.12.< / b >
通過類型斷言査詢接口
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.13" data-path = "ch7/ch7-13.html" >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-13.html" >
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< b > 7.13.< / b >
類型分支
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.14" data-path = "ch7/ch7-14.html" >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-14.html" >
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< b > 7.14.< / b >
示例: 基於標記的XML解碼
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.15" data-path = "ch7/ch7-15.html" >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-15.html" >
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< b > 7.15.< / b >
補充幾點
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< / li >
< / ul >
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< li class = "chapter active" data-level = "8" data-path = "ch8/ch8.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 8.< / b >
Goroutines和Channels
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.1" data-path = "ch8/ch8-01.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-01.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 8.1.< / b >
Goroutines
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.2" data-path = "ch8/ch8-02.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-02.html" >
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< b > 8.2.< / b >
示例: 併髮的Clock服務
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.3" data-path = "ch8/ch8-03.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-03.html" >
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< b > 8.3.< / b >
示例: 併髮的Echo服務
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.4" data-path = "ch8/ch8-04.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-04.html" >
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< b > 8.4.< / b >
Channels
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.5" data-path = "ch8/ch8-05.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-05.html" >
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< b > 8.5.< / b >
併行的循環
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.6" data-path = "ch8/ch8-06.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-06.html" >
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< b > 8.6.< / b >
示例: 併髮的Web爬蟲
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.7" data-path = "ch8/ch8-07.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-07.html" >
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< b > 8.7.< / b >
基於select的多路復用
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.8" data-path = "ch8/ch8-08.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-08.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 8.8.< / b >
示例: 併髮的字典遍歷
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.9" data-path = "ch8/ch8-09.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-09.html" >
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< b > 8.9.< / b >
併髮的退齣
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.10" data-path = "ch8/ch8-10.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-10.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 8.10.< / b >
示例: 聊天服務
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< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9" data-path = "ch9/ch9.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.< / b >
基於共享變量的併髮
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< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.1" data-path = "ch9/ch9-01.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-01.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.1.< / b >
競爭條件
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.2" data-path = "ch9/ch9-02.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-02.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.2.< / b >
sync.Mutex互斥鎖
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.3" data-path = "ch9/ch9-03.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-03.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.3.< / b >
sync.RWMutex讀寫鎖
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.4" data-path = "ch9/ch9-04.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-04.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.4.< / b >
內存衕步
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.5" data-path = "ch9/ch9-05.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-05.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.5.< / b >
sync.Once初始化
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.6" data-path = "ch9/ch9-06.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-06.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.6.< / b >
競爭條件檢測
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.7" data-path = "ch9/ch9-07.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-07.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.7.< / b >
示例: 併髮的非阻塞緩存
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.8" data-path = "ch9/ch9-08.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-08.html" >
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< b > 9.8.< / b >
Goroutines和綫程
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10" data-path = "ch10/ch10.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10.html" >
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< b > 10.< / b >
包和工具
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< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.1" data-path = "ch10/ch10-01.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10-01.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 10.1.< / b >
簡介
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.2" data-path = "ch10/ch10-02.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10-02.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 10.2.< / b >
導入路徑
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.3" data-path = "ch10/ch10-03.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10-03.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 10.3.< / b >
包聲明
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.4" data-path = "ch10/ch10-04.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10-04.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 10.4.< / b >
導入聲明
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.5" data-path = "ch10/ch10-05.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10-05.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 10.5.< / b >
匿名導入
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.6" data-path = "ch10/ch10-06.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10-06.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 10.6.< / b >
包和命名
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.7" data-path = "ch10/ch10-07.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10-07.html" >
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< b > 10.7.< / b >
工具
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< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "11" data-path = "ch11/ch11.html" >
< a href = "../ch11/ch11.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 11.< / b >
測試
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "11.1" data-path = "ch11/ch11-01.html" >
< a href = "../ch11/ch11-01.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 11.1.< / b >
go test
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "11.2" data-path = "ch11/ch11-02.html" >
< a href = "../ch11/ch11-02.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 11.2.< / b >
測試函數
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "11.3" data-path = "ch11/ch11-03.html" >
< a href = "../ch11/ch11-03.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 11.3.< / b >
測試覆蓋率
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "11.4" data-path = "ch11/ch11-04.html" >
< a href = "../ch11/ch11-04.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 11.4.< / b >
基準測試
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "11.5" data-path = "ch11/ch11-05.html" >
< a href = "../ch11/ch11-05.html" >
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< b > 11.5.< / b >
剖析
< / a >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "11.6" data-path = "ch11/ch11-06.html" >
< a href = "../ch11/ch11-06.html" >
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< b > 11.6.< / b >
示例函數
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12" data-path = "ch12/ch12.html" >
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< b > 12.< / b >
反射
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< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.1" data-path = "ch12/ch12-01.html" >
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< b > 12.1.< / b >
為何需要反射?
< / a >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.2" data-path = "ch12/ch12-02.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-02.html" >
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< b > 12.2.< / b >
reflect.Type和reflect.Value
< / a >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.3" data-path = "ch12/ch12-03.html" >
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< b > 12.3.< / b >
Display遞歸打印
< / a >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.4" data-path = "ch12/ch12-04.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-04.html" >
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< b > 12.4.< / b >
示例: 編碼S錶達式
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.5" data-path = "ch12/ch12-05.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-05.html" >
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< b > 12.5.< / b >
通過reflect.Value脩改值
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.6" data-path = "ch12/ch12-06.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-06.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 12.6.< / b >
示例: 解碼S錶達式
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.7" data-path = "ch12/ch12-07.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-07.html" >
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< b > 12.7.< / b >
穫取結構體字段標識
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.8" data-path = "ch12/ch12-08.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-08.html" >
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< b > 12.8.< / b >
顯示一個類型的方法集
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.9" data-path = "ch12/ch12-09.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-09.html" >
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< b > 12.9.< / b >
幾點忠告
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< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "13" data-path = "ch13/ch13.html" >
< a href = "../ch13/ch13.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 13.< / b >
底層編程
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< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "13.1" data-path = "ch13/ch13-01.html" >
< a href = "../ch13/ch13-01.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 13.1.< / b >
unsafe.Sizeof, Alignof 和 Offsetof
< / a >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "13.2" data-path = "ch13/ch13-02.html" >
< a href = "../ch13/ch13-02.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 13.2.< / b >
unsafe.Pointer
< / a >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "13.3" data-path = "ch13/ch13-03.html" >
< a href = "../ch13/ch13-03.html" >
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< b > 13.3.< / b >
示例: 深度相等判斷
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "13.4" data-path = "ch13/ch13-04.html" >
< a href = "../ch13/ch13-04.html" >
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< b > 13.4.< / b >
通過cgo調用C代碼
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "13.5" data-path = "ch13/ch13-05.html" >
< a href = "../ch13/ch13-05.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 13.5.< / b >
幾點忠告
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< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "14" data-path = "exercise/ex.html" >
< a href = "../exercise/ex.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 14.< / b >
習題解答
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "14.1" data-path = "exercise/ex-ch1.html" >
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< b > 14.1.< / b >
第一章 入門
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "15" data-path = "errata.html" >
< a href = "../errata.html" >
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< b > 15.< / b >
勘誤
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< li class = "divider" > < / li >
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< a href = "https://www.gitbook.com" target = "blank" class = "gitbook-link" >
本書使用 GitBook 釋出
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<!-- Actions Left -->
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< a href = "../" > Go编程语言< / a >
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< div class = "page-wrapper" tabindex = "-1" role = "main" >
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< section class = "normal" id = "section-" >
< h1 id = "第八章-goroutines和channels" > 第 八 章 Goroutines和 Channels< / h1 >
< p > 併 髮 程 序 指 的 是 衕 時 做 好 幾 件 事 情 的 程 序 ， 隨 着 硬 件 的 髮 展 ， 併 髮 程 序 顯 得 越 來 越 重 要 。 Web服 務 器 會 一 次 處 理 成 韆 上 萬 的 請 求 。 平 闆 電 腦 和 手 機 app在 渲 染 用 戶 動 畫 的 衕 時 ， 還 會 後 颱 執 行 各 種 計 算 任 務 和 網 絡 請 求 。 卽 使 是 傳 統 的 批 處 理 問 題 --讀 取 數 據 ， 計 算 ， 寫 輸 齣 --現 在 也 會 用 併 髮 來 隱 藏 掉 I/O的 操 作 延 遲 充 分 利 用 現 代 計 算 機 設 備 的 多 覈 ， 盡 管 計 算 機 的 性 能 每 年 都 在 增 長 ， 但 併 不 是 綫 性 。 < / p >
< p > Go語 言 中 的 併 髮 程 序 可 以 用 兩 種 手 段 來 實 現 。 這 一 章 會 講 解 goroutine和 channel， 其 支 持 “ 順 序 進 程 通 信 ” (communicating sequential processes)或 被 簡 稱 為 CSP。 CSP是 一 個 現 代 的 併 髮 編 程 模 型 ， 在 這 種 編 程 模 型 中 值 會 在 不 衕 的 運 行 實 例 (goroutine)中 傳 遞 ， 盡 管 大 多 數 情 況 下 被 限 製 在 單 一 實 例 中 。 第 9章 會 覆 蓋 到 更 為 傳 統 的 併 髮 模 型 ： 多 綫 程 共 享 內 存 ， 如 果 你 在 其 它 的 主 流 語 言 中 寫 過 併 髮 程 序 的 話 可 能 會 更 熟 悉 一 些 。 第 9章 衕 時 會 講 一 些 本 章 不 會 深 入 的 併 髮 程 序 帶 來 的 重 要 風 險 和 陷 阱 。 < / p >
< p > 盡 管 Go對 併 髮 的 支 持 是 眾 多 強 力 特 性 之 一 ， 但 大 多 數 情 況 下 跟 蹤 併 髮 程 序 還 是 很 睏 難 ， 併 且 在 綫 性 程 序 中 我 們 的 直 覺 往 往 還 會 讓 我 們 誤 入 歧 途 。 如 果 這 是 你 第 一 次 接 觸 併 髮 ， 那 麼 我 推 薦 你 稍 微 多 花 一 些 時 間 來 思 考 這 兩 個 章 節 中 的 樣 例 。 < / p >
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