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< ol class = "chapter" >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../index.html" > Go语言圣经< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../preface-zh.html" > 译者序< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../preface.html" > 前言< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch1/ch1.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.< / strong > 入门< / a >
< / li >
< ol class = "section" >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch1/ch1-01.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.1.< / strong > Hello, World< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch1/ch1-02.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.2.< / strong > 命令行参数< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch1/ch1-03.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.3.< / strong > 查找重复的行< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch1/ch1-04.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.4.< / strong > GIF动画< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch1/ch1-05.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.5.< / strong > 获取URL< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch1/ch1-06.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.6.< / strong > 并发获取多个URL< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch1/ch1-07.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.7.< / strong > Web服务< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch1/ch1-08.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.8.< / strong > 本章要点< / a >
< / li >
< / ol >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch2/ch2.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.< / strong > 程序结构< / a >
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< ol class = "section" >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch2/ch2-01.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.1.< / strong > 命名< / a >
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< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch2/ch2-02.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.2.< / strong > 声明< / a >
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< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch2/ch2-03.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.3.< / strong > 变量< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch2/ch2-04.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.4.< / strong > 赋值< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch2/ch2-05.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.5.< / strong > 类型< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch2/ch2-06.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.6.< / strong > 包和文件< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch2/ch2-07.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.7.< / strong > 作用域< / a >
< / li >
< / ol >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch3/ch3.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.< / strong > 基础数据类型< / a >
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< ol class = "section" >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch3/ch3-01.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.1.< / strong > 整型< / a >
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< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch3/ch3-02.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.2.< / strong > 浮点数< / a >
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< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch3/ch3-03.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.3.< / strong > 复数< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch3/ch3-04.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.4.< / strong > 布尔型< / a >
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< a href = "../ch3/ch3-05.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.5.< / strong > 字符串< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch3/ch3-06.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.6.< / strong > 常量< / a >
< / li >
< / ol >
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< a href = "../ch4/ch4.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 4.< / strong > 复合数据类型< / a >
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< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch4/ch4-01.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 4.1.< / strong > 数组< / a >
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< a href = "../ch4/ch4-02.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 4.2.< / strong > Slice< / a >
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< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch4/ch4-03.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 4.3.< / strong > Map< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch4/ch4-04.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 4.4.< / strong > 结构体< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch4/ch4-05.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 4.5.< / strong > JSON< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch4/ch4-06.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 4.6.< / strong > 文本和HTML模板< / a >
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< a href = "../ch5/ch5.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 5.< / strong > 函数< / a >
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< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch5/ch5-01.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 5.1.< / strong > 函数声明< / a >
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< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch5/ch5-02.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 5.2.< / strong > 递归< / a >
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< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch5/ch5-03.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 5.3.< / strong > 多返回值< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch5/ch5-04.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 5.4.< / strong > 错误< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch5/ch5-05.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 5.5.< / strong > 函数值< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch5/ch5-06.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 5.6.< / strong > 匿名函数< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch5/ch5-07.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 5.7.< / strong > 可变参数< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch5/ch5-08.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 5.8.< / strong > Deferred函数< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch5/ch5-09.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 5.9.< / strong > Panic异常< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch5/ch5-10.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 5.10.< / strong > Recover捕获异常< / a >
< / li >
< / ol >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch6/ch6.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 6.< / strong > 方法< / a >
< / li >
< ol class = "section" >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch6/ch6-01.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 6.1.< / strong > 方法声明< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch6/ch6-02.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 6.2.< / strong > 基于指针对象的方法< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch6/ch6-03.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 6.3.< / strong > 通过嵌入结构体来扩展类型< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch6/ch6-04.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 6.4.< / strong > 方法值和方法表达式< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch6/ch6-05.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 6.5.< / strong > 示例: Bit数组< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch6/ch6-06.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 6.6.< / strong > 封装< / a >
< / li >
< / ol >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 7.< / strong > 接口< / a >
< / li >
< ol class = "section" >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-01.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 7.1.< / strong > 接口是合约< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-02.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 7.2.< / strong > 接口类型< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-03.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 7.3.< / strong > 实现接口的条件< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-04.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 7.4.< / strong > flag.Value接口< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-05.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 7.5.< / strong > 接口值< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-06.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 7.6.< / strong > sort.Interface接口< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-07.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 7.7.< / strong > http.Handler接口< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-08.html" class = "active" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 7.8.< / strong > error接口< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-09.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 7.9.< / strong > 示例: 表达式求值< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-10.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 7.10.< / strong > 类型断言< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-11.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 7.11.< / strong > 基于类型断言识别错误类型< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-12.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 7.12.< / strong > 通过类型断言查询接口< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-13.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 7.13.< / strong > 类型分支< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-14.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 7.14.< / strong > 示例: 基于标记的XML解码< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-15.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 7.15.< / strong > 补充几点< / a >
< / li >
< / ol >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 8.< / strong > Goroutines和Channels< / a >
< / li >
< ol class = "section" >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-01.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 8.1.< / strong > Goroutines< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-02.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 8.2.< / strong > 示例: 并发的Clock服务< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-03.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 8.3.< / strong > 示例: 并发的Echo服务< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-04.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 8.4.< / strong > Channels< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-05.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 8.5.< / strong > 并发的循环< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-06.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 8.6.< / strong > 示例: 并发的Web爬虫< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-07.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 8.7.< / strong > 基于select的多路复用< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-08.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 8.8.< / strong > 示例: 并发的目录遍历< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-09.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 8.9.< / strong > 并发的退出< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-10.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 8.10.< / strong > 示例: 聊天服务< / a >
< / li >
< / ol >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 9.< / strong > 基于共享变量的并发< / a >
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< ol class = "section" >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-01.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 9.1.< / strong > 竞争条件< / a >
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< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-02.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 9.2.< / strong > sync.Mutex互斥锁< / a >
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< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-03.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 9.3.< / strong > sync.RWMutex读写锁< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-04.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 9.4.< / strong > 内存同步< / a >
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< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-05.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 9.5.< / strong > sync.Once惰性初始化< / a >
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< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-06.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 9.6.< / strong > 竞争条件检测< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-07.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 9.7.< / strong > 示例: 并发的非阻塞缓存< / a >
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< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-08.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 9.8.< / strong > Goroutines和线程< / a >
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< / ol >
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< a href = "../ch10/ch10.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 10.< / strong > 包和工具< / a >
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< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10-01.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 10.1.< / strong > 包简介< / a >
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< a href = "../ch10/ch10-02.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 10.2.< / strong > 导入路径< / a >
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< li class = "chapter-item expanded " >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10-03.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 10.3.< / strong > 包声明< / a >
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< a href = "../ch10/ch10-04.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 10.4.< / strong > 导入声明< / a >
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< a href = "../ch10/ch10-05.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 10.5.< / strong > 包的匿名导入< / a >
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< a href = "../ch10/ch10-06.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 10.6.< / strong > 包和命名< / a >
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< a href = "../ch10/ch10-07.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 10.7.< / strong > 工具< / a >
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< a href = "../ch11/ch11.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 11.< / strong > 测试< / a >
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< a href = "../ch11/ch11-01.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 11.1.< / strong > go test< / a >
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< a href = "../ch11/ch11-02.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 11.2.< / strong > 测试函数< / a >
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< a href = "../ch11/ch11-03.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 11.3.< / strong > 测试覆盖率< / a >
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< a href = "../ch11/ch11-04.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 11.4.< / strong > 基准测试< / a >
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< a href = "../ch11/ch11-05.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 11.5.< / strong > 剖析< / a >
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< a href = "../ch11/ch11-06.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 11.6.< / strong > 示例函数< / a >
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< ul dir = "auto" > < li > < em > 凹语言(Go实现, 面向WASM设计): < a href = "https://github.com/wa-lang/wa" > https://github.com/wa-lang/wa< / a > < / em > < / li > < li > < em > WaBook(Go语言实现的MD电子书构建工具): < a href = "https://github.com/wa-lang/wabook" > https://github.com/wa-lang/wabook< / a > < / em > < / li > < / ul > < hr >
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< h2 > 7.8. error接口< / h2 >
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< p > 从本书的开始， ， ， ： < / p >
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< pre > < code class = "language-go" > type error interface {
Error() string
}
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< / code > < / pre >
< p > 创建一个error最简单的方法就是调用errors.New函数， ： < / p >
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< pre > < code class = "language-go" > package errors
func New(text string) error { return & errorString{text} }
type errorString struct { text string }
func (e *errorString) Error() string { return e.text }
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< / code > < / pre >
< p > 承载errorString的类型是一个结构体而非一个字符串， （ ） < code > *errorString< / code > 满足error接口而非errorString类型， < / p >
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< pre > < code class = "language-go" > fmt.Println(errors.New(" EOF" ) == errors.New(" EOF" )) // " false"
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< / code > < / pre >
< p > 调用errors.New函数是非常稀少的， ， < / p >
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< pre > < code class = "language-go" > package fmt
import " errors"
func Errorf(format string, args ...interface{}) error {
return errors.New(Sprintf(format, args...))
}
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< / code > < / pre >
< p > 虽然< code > *errorString< / code > 可能是最简单的错误类型， ， ， ， ， ， ： < / p >
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< pre > < code class = "language-go" > package syscall
type Errno uintptr // operating system error code
var errors = [...]string{
1: " operation not permitted" , // EPERM
2: " no such file or directory" , // ENOENT
3: " no such process" , // ESRCH
// ...
}
func (e Errno) Error() string {
if 0 < = int(e) & & int(e) < len(errors) {
return errors[e]
}
return fmt.Sprintf(" errno %d" , e)
}
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< / code > < / pre >
< p > 下面的语句创建了一个持有Errno值为2的接口值， ： < / p >
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< pre > < code class = "language-go" > var err error = syscall.Errno(2)
fmt.Println(err.Error()) // " no such file or directory"
fmt.Println(err) // " no such file or directory"
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< / code > < / pre >
< p > err的值图形化的呈现在图7.6中。< / p >
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< p > < img src = "../images/ch7-06.png" alt = "" > < / p >
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< p > Errno是一个系统调用错误的高效表示方式， ， < / p >
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