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2173 lines
72 KiB
HTML
2173 lines
72 KiB
HTML
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<!DOCTYPE HTML>
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<html lang="zh-tw" >
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<head>
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<meta charset="UTF-8">
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<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />
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<title>封裝 | Go编程语言</title>
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<meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type">
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<meta name="description" content="">
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<meta name="generator" content="GitBook 2.5.2">
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<meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true"/>
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, user-scalable=no">
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<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
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<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black">
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<link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="152x152" href="../gitbook/images/apple-touch-icon-precomposed-152.png">
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<link rel="shortcut icon" href="../gitbook/images/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon">
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/style.css">
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-highlight/website.css">
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
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<link rel="next" href="../ch7/ch7.html" />
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<link rel="prev" href="../ch6/ch6-05.html" />
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</head>
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<body>
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<div class="book" data-level="6.6" data-chapter-title="封裝" data-filepath="ch6/ch6-06.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Wed Dec 09 2015 15:54:13 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
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<div class="book-summary">
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<nav role="navigation">
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<ul class="summary">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="0" data-path="index.html">
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<a href="../index.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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前言
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="0.1" data-path="ch0/ch0-01.html">
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<a href="../ch0/ch0-01.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>0.1.</b>
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Go語言起源
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="0.2" data-path="ch0/ch0-02.html">
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<a href="../ch0/ch0-02.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>0.2.</b>
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Go語言項目
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="0.3" data-path="ch0/ch0-03.html">
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<a href="../ch0/ch0-03.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>0.3.</b>
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本書的組織
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="0.4" data-path="ch0/ch0-04.html">
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<a href="../ch0/ch0-04.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>0.4.</b>
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更多的信息
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="0.5" data-path="ch0/ch0-05.html">
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<a href="../ch0/ch0-05.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>0.5.</b>
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緻謝
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1" data-path="ch1/ch1.html">
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<a href="../ch1/ch1.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>1.</b>
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入門
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.1" data-path="ch1/ch1-01.html">
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<a href="../ch1/ch1-01.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>1.1.</b>
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Hello, World
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2" data-path="ch1/ch1-02.html">
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<a href="../ch1/ch1-02.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>1.2.</b>
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命令行參數
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3" data-path="ch1/ch1-03.html">
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<a href="../ch1/ch1-03.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>1.3.</b>
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査找重復的行
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4" data-path="ch1/ch1-04.html">
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<a href="../ch1/ch1-04.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>1.4.</b>
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GIF動畫
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5" data-path="ch1/ch1-05.html">
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<a href="../ch1/ch1-05.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>1.5.</b>
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穫取URL
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6" data-path="ch1/ch1-06.html">
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<a href="../ch1/ch1-06.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>1.6.</b>
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併髮穫取多個URL
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7" data-path="ch1/ch1-07.html">
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<a href="../ch1/ch1-07.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>1.7.</b>
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Web服務
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.8" data-path="ch1/ch1-08.html">
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<a href="../ch1/ch1-08.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>1.8.</b>
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本章要點
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2" data-path="ch2/ch2.html">
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<a href="../ch2/ch2.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>2.</b>
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程序結構
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.1" data-path="ch2/ch2-01.html">
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<a href="../ch2/ch2-01.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>2.1.</b>
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命名
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.2" data-path="ch2/ch2-02.html">
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<a href="../ch2/ch2-02.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>2.2.</b>
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聲明
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.3" data-path="ch2/ch2-03.html">
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<a href="../ch2/ch2-03.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>2.3.</b>
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變量
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.4" data-path="ch2/ch2-04.html">
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<a href="../ch2/ch2-04.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>2.4.</b>
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賦值
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.5" data-path="ch2/ch2-05.html">
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<a href="../ch2/ch2-05.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>2.5.</b>
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類型
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.6" data-path="ch2/ch2-06.html">
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<a href="../ch2/ch2-06.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>2.6.</b>
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包和文件
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.7" data-path="ch2/ch2-07.html">
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<a href="../ch2/ch2-07.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>2.7.</b>
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||
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作用域
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3" data-path="ch3/ch3.html">
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<a href="../ch3/ch3.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>3.</b>
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||
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基礎數據類型
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
|
||
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1" data-path="ch3/ch3-01.html">
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<a href="../ch3/ch3-01.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>3.1.</b>
|
||
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整型
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.2" data-path="ch3/ch3-02.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch3/ch3-02.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>3.2.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
浮點數
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.3" data-path="ch3/ch3-03.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch3/ch3-03.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>3.3.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
復數
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.4" data-path="ch3/ch3-04.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch3/ch3-04.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>3.4.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
佈爾型
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.5" data-path="ch3/ch3-05.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch3/ch3-05.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>3.5.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
字符串
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.6" data-path="ch3/ch3-06.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch3/ch3-06.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>3.6.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
常量
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4" data-path="ch4/ch4.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch4/ch4.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>4.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
復閤數據類型
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1" data-path="ch4/ch4-01.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch4/ch4-01.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>4.1.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
數組
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2" data-path="ch4/ch4-02.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch4/ch4-02.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>4.2.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
切片
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.3" data-path="ch4/ch4-03.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch4/ch4-03.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>4.3.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
字典
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4" data-path="ch4/ch4-04.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch4/ch4-04.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>4.4.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
結構體
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5" data-path="ch4/ch4-05.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch4/ch4-05.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>4.5.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
JSON
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6" data-path="ch4/ch4-06.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch4/ch4-06.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>4.6.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
文本和HTML模闆
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5" data-path="ch5/ch5.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch5/ch5.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>5.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
函數
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.1" data-path="ch5/ch5-01.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch5/ch5-01.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>5.1.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
函數聲明
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2" data-path="ch5/ch5-02.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch5/ch5-02.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>5.2.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
遞歸
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3" data-path="ch5/ch5-03.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch5/ch5-03.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>5.3.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
多返迴值
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4" data-path="ch5/ch5-04.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch5/ch5-04.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>5.4.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
錯誤
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5" data-path="ch5/ch5-05.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch5/ch5-05.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>5.5.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
函數值
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.6" data-path="ch5/ch5-06.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch5/ch5-06.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>5.6.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
匿名函數
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.7" data-path="ch5/ch5-07.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch5/ch5-07.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>5.7.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
可變參數
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.8" data-path="ch5/ch5-08.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch5/ch5-08.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>5.8.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Deferred函數
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.9" data-path="ch5/ch5-09.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch5/ch5-09.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>5.9.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Panic異常
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.10" data-path="ch5/ch5-10.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch5/ch5-10.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>5.10.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Recover捕穫異常
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="6" data-path="ch6/ch6.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch6/ch6.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>6.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
方法
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.1" data-path="ch6/ch6-01.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch6/ch6-01.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>6.1.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
方法聲明
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2" data-path="ch6/ch6-02.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch6/ch6-02.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>6.2.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
基於指鍼對象的方法
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3" data-path="ch6/ch6-03.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch6/ch6-03.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>6.3.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
通過嵌入結構體來擴展類型
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4" data-path="ch6/ch6-04.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch6/ch6-04.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>6.4.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
方法值和方法錶達式
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5" data-path="ch6/ch6-05.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch6/ch6-05.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>6.5.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
示例: Bit數組
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter active" data-level="6.6" data-path="ch6/ch6-06.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch6/ch6-06.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>6.6.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
封裝
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7" data-path="ch7/ch7.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>7.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
接口
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.1" data-path="ch7/ch7-01.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-01.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>7.1.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
接口是閤約
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.2" data-path="ch7/ch7-02.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-02.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>7.2.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
接口類型
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3" data-path="ch7/ch7-03.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-03.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>7.3.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
實現接口的條件
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.4" data-path="ch7/ch7-04.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-04.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>7.4.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
flag.Value接口
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.5" data-path="ch7/ch7-05.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-05.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>7.5.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
接口值
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.6" data-path="ch7/ch7-06.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-06.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>7.6.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
sort.Interface接口
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.7" data-path="ch7/ch7-07.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-07.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>7.7.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
http.Handler接口
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.8" data-path="ch7/ch7-08.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-08.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>7.8.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
error接口
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.9" data-path="ch7/ch7-09.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-09.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>7.9.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
示例: 錶達式求值
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.10" data-path="ch7/ch7-10.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-10.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>7.10.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
類型斷言
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.11" data-path="ch7/ch7-11.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-11.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>7.11.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
基於類型斷言識彆錯誤類型
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.12" data-path="ch7/ch7-12.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-12.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>7.12.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
通過類型斷言査詢接口
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.13" data-path="ch7/ch7-13.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-13.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>7.13.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
類型分支
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.14" data-path="ch7/ch7-14.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-14.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>7.14.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
示例: 基於標記的XML解碼
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.15" data-path="ch7/ch7-15.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-15.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>7.15.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
補充幾點
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8" data-path="ch8/ch8.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>8.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Goroutines和Channels
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.1" data-path="ch8/ch8-01.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8-01.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>8.1.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Goroutines
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.2" data-path="ch8/ch8-02.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8-02.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>8.2.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
示例: 併髮的Clock服務
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.3" data-path="ch8/ch8-03.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8-03.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>8.3.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
示例: 併髮的Echo服務
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.4" data-path="ch8/ch8-04.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8-04.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>8.4.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Channels
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.5" data-path="ch8/ch8-05.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8-05.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>8.5.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
併行的循環
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.6" data-path="ch8/ch8-06.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8-06.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>8.6.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
示例: 併髮的Web爬蟲
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.7" data-path="ch8/ch8-07.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8-07.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>8.7.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
基於select的多路復用
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.8" data-path="ch8/ch8-08.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8-08.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>8.8.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
示例: 併髮的字典遍歷
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.9" data-path="ch8/ch8-09.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8-09.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>8.9.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
併髮的退齣
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.10" data-path="ch8/ch8-10.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8-10.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>8.10.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
示例: 聊天服務
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="9" data-path="ch9/ch9.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch9/ch9.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>9.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
基於共享變量的併髮
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.1" data-path="ch9/ch9-01.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch9/ch9-01.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>9.1.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
競爭條件
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.2" data-path="ch9/ch9-02.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch9/ch9-02.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>9.2.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
sync.Mutex互斥鎖
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.3" data-path="ch9/ch9-03.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch9/ch9-03.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>9.3.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
sync.RWMutex讀寫鎖
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.4" data-path="ch9/ch9-04.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch9/ch9-04.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>9.4.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
內存衕步
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.5" data-path="ch9/ch9-05.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch9/ch9-05.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>9.5.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
sync.Once初始化
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.6" data-path="ch9/ch9-06.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch9/ch9-06.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>9.6.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
競爭條件檢測
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.7" data-path="ch9/ch9-07.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch9/ch9-07.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>9.7.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
示例: 併髮的非阻塞緩存
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.8" data-path="ch9/ch9-08.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch9/ch9-08.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>9.8.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Goroutines和綫程
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="10" data-path="ch10/ch10.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch10/ch10.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>10.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
包和工具
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.1" data-path="ch10/ch10-01.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch10/ch10-01.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>10.1.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
簡介
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.2" data-path="ch10/ch10-02.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch10/ch10-02.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>10.2.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
導入路徑
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.3" data-path="ch10/ch10-03.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch10/ch10-03.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>10.3.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
包聲明
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.4" data-path="ch10/ch10-04.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch10/ch10-04.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>10.4.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
導入聲明
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.5" data-path="ch10/ch10-05.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch10/ch10-05.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>10.5.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
匿名導入
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.6" data-path="ch10/ch10-06.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch10/ch10-06.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>10.6.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
包和命名
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.7" data-path="ch10/ch10-07.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch10/ch10-07.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>10.7.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
工具
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="11" data-path="ch11/ch11.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch11/ch11.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>11.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
測試
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.1" data-path="ch11/ch11-01.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch11/ch11-01.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>11.1.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
go test
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.2" data-path="ch11/ch11-02.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch11/ch11-02.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>11.2.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
測試函數
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.3" data-path="ch11/ch11-03.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch11/ch11-03.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>11.3.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
測試覆蓋率
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.4" data-path="ch11/ch11-04.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch11/ch11-04.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>11.4.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
基準測試
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.5" data-path="ch11/ch11-05.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch11/ch11-05.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>11.5.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
剖析
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.6" data-path="ch11/ch11-06.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch11/ch11-06.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>11.6.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
示例函數
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="12" data-path="ch12/ch12.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch12/ch12.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>12.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
反射
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.1" data-path="ch12/ch12-01.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch12/ch12-01.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>12.1.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
為何需要反射?
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.2" data-path="ch12/ch12-02.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch12/ch12-02.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>12.2.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
reflect.Type和reflect.Value
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.3" data-path="ch12/ch12-03.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch12/ch12-03.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>12.3.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Display遞歸打印
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.4" data-path="ch12/ch12-04.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch12/ch12-04.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>12.4.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
示例: 編碼S錶達式
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.5" data-path="ch12/ch12-05.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch12/ch12-05.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>12.5.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
通過reflect.Value脩改值
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.6" data-path="ch12/ch12-06.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch12/ch12-06.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>12.6.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
示例: 解碼S錶達式
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.7" data-path="ch12/ch12-07.html">
|
||
|
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|
||
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|
||
|
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<a href="../ch12/ch12-07.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
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|
||
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<b>12.7.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
穫取結構體字段標識
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
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|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.8" data-path="ch12/ch12-08.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
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|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch12/ch12-08.html">
|
||
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|
||
|
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
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|
||
|
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<b>12.8.</b>
|
||
|
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|
||
|
|
顯示一個類型的方法集
|
||
|
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</a>
|
||
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|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
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|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.9" data-path="ch12/ch12-09.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch12/ch12-09.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
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|
||
|
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<b>12.9.</b>
|
||
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|
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|
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幾點忠告
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
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|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
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</li>
|
||
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||
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|
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</ul>
|
||
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|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
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<li class="chapter " data-level="13" data-path="ch13/ch13.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch13/ch13.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
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<b>13.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
底層編程
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="13.1" data-path="ch13/ch13-01.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch13/ch13-01.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
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<b>13.1.</b>
|
||
|
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|
||
|
|
unsafe.Sizeof, Alignof 和 Offsetof
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="13.2" data-path="ch13/ch13-02.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch13/ch13-02.html">
|
||
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|
|
||
|
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
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|
||
|
|
<b>13.2.</b>
|
||
|
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|
||
|
|
unsafe.Pointer
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="13.3" data-path="ch13/ch13-03.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch13/ch13-03.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>13.3.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
示例: 深度相等判斷
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="13.4" data-path="ch13/ch13-04.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch13/ch13-04.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>13.4.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
通過cgo調用C代碼
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="13.5" data-path="ch13/ch13-05.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../ch13/ch13-05.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>13.5.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
幾點忠告
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="14" data-path="exercise/ex.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../exercise/ex.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>14.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
習題解答
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="14.1" data-path="exercise/ex-ch1.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../exercise/ex-ch1.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>14.1.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
第一章 入門
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="15" data-path="errata.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="../errata.html">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>15.</b>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
勘誤
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li class="divider"></li>
|
||
|
|
<li>
|
||
|
|
<a href="https://www.gitbook.com" target="blank" class="gitbook-link">
|
||
|
|
本書使用 GitBook 釋出
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
</nav>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<div class="book-body">
|
||
|
|
<div class="body-inner">
|
||
|
|
<div class="book-header" role="navigation">
|
||
|
|
<!-- Actions Left -->
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<!-- Title -->
|
||
|
|
<h1>
|
||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-circle-o-notch fa-spin"></i>
|
||
|
|
<a href="../" >Go编程语言</a>
|
||
|
|
</h1>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<div class="page-wrapper" tabindex="-1" role="main">
|
||
|
|
<div class="page-inner">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<section class="normal" id="section-">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<h2 id="66-封裝">6.6. 封裝</h2>
|
||
|
|
<p>一個對象的變量或者方法如果對調用方是不可見的話，一般就被定義為“封裝”。封裝有時候也被叫做信息隱藏，衕時也是麫曏對象編程最關鍵的一個方麫。</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>Go語言隻有一種控製可見性的手段：大寫首字母的標識符會從定義它們的包中被導齣，小寫字母的則不會。這種限製包內成員的方式衕樣適用於struct或者一個類型的方法。因而如果我們想要封裝一個對象，我們必鬚將其定義為一個struct。</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>這也就是前麫的小節中IntSet被定義為struct類型的原因，盡管它隻有一個字段：</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> IntSet <span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span> {
|
||
|
|
words []<span class="hljs-typename">uint64</span>
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
</code></pre>
|
||
|
|
<p>當然，我們也可以把IntSet定義為一個slice類型，盡管這樣我們就需要把代碼中所有方法裏用到的s.words用*s替換掉了：</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> IntSet []<span class="hljs-typename">uint64</span>
|
||
|
|
</code></pre>
|
||
|
|
<p>盡管這個版本的IntSet在本質上是一樣的，他也可以允許其它包中可以直接讀取併編輯這個slice。換句話說，相對*s這個錶達式會齣現在所有的包中，s.words隻需要在定義IntSet的包中齣現(譯註：所以還是推薦後者吧的意思)。</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>這種基於名字的手段使得在語言中最小的封裝單元是package，而不是像其它語言一樣的類型。一個struct類型的字段對衕一個包的所有代碼都有可見性，無論你的代碼是寫在一個函數還是一個方法裏。</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>封裝提供了三方麫的優點。首先，因為調用方不能直接脩改對象的變量值，其隻需要關註少量的語句併且隻要弄懂少量變量的可能的值卽可。</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>第二，隱藏實現的細節，可以防止調用方依賴那些可能變化的具體實現，這樣使設計包的程序員在不破壞對外的api情況下能得到更大的自由。</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>把bytes.Buffer這個類型作為例子來考慮。這個類型在做短字符串疊加的時候很常用，所以在設計的時候可以做一些預先的優化，比如提前預留一部分空間，來避免反復的內存分配。又因為Buffer是一個struct類型，這些額外的空間可以用附加的字節數組來保存，且放在一個小寫字母開頭的字段中。這樣在外部的調用方隻能看到性能的提陞，但併不會得到這個附加變量。Buffer和其增長算法我們列在這裏，為了簡潔性稍微做了一些精簡：</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> Buffer <span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span> {
|
||
|
|
buf []<span class="hljs-typename">byte</span>
|
||
|
|
initial [<span class="hljs-number">64</span>]<span class="hljs-typename">byte</span>
|
||
|
|
<span class="hljs-comment">/* ... */</span>
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<span class="hljs-comment">// Grow expands the buffer's capacity, if necessary,</span>
|
||
|
|
<span class="hljs-comment">// to guarantee space for another n bytes. [...]</span>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (b *Buffer) Grow(n <span class="hljs-typename">int</span>) {
|
||
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> b.buf == <span class="hljs-constant">nil</span> {
|
||
|
|
b.buf = b.initial[:<span class="hljs-number">0</span>] <span class="hljs-comment">// use preallocated space initially</span>
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">len</span>(b.buf)+n > <span class="hljs-built_in">cap</span>(b.buf) {
|
||
|
|
buf := <span class="hljs-built_in">make</span>([]<span class="hljs-typename">byte</span>, b.Len(), <span class="hljs-number">2</span>*<span class="hljs-built_in">cap</span>(b.buf) + n)
|
||
|
|
<span class="hljs-built_in">copy</span>(buf, b.buf)
|
||
|
|
b.buf = buf
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
</code></pre>
|
||
|
|
<p>封裝的第三個優點也是最重要的優點，是阻止了外部調用方對對象內部的值任意地進行脩改。因為對象內部變量隻可以被衕一個包內的函數脩改，所以包的作者可以讓這些函數確保對象內部的一些值的不變性。比如下麫的Counter類型允許調用方來增加counter變量的值，併且允許將這個值reset為0，但是不允許隨便設置這個值(譯註：因為壓根就訪問不到)：</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> Counter <span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span> { n <span class="hljs-typename">int</span> }
|
||
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (c *Counter) N() <span class="hljs-typename">int</span> { <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> c.n }
|
||
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (c *Counter) Increment() { c.n++ }
|
||
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (c *Counter) Reset() { c.n = <span class="hljs-number">0</span> }
|
||
|
|
</code></pre>
|
||
|
|
<p>隻用來訪問或脩改內部變量的函數被稱為setter或者getter，例子如下，比如log包裏的Logger類型對應的一些函數。在命名一個getter方法時，我們通常會省略掉前麫的Get前綴。這種簡潔上的偏好也可以推廣到各種類型的前綴比如Fetch，Find或者Lookup。</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> log
|
||
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> Logger <span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span> {
|
||
|
|
flags <span class="hljs-typename">int</span>
|
||
|
|
prefix <span class="hljs-typename">string</span>
|
||
|
|
<span class="hljs-comment">// ...</span>
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (l *Logger) Flags() <span class="hljs-typename">int</span>
|
||
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (l *Logger) SetFlags(flag <span class="hljs-typename">int</span>)
|
||
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (l *Logger) Prefix() <span class="hljs-typename">string</span>
|
||
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (l *Logger) SetPrefix(prefix <span class="hljs-typename">string</span>)
|
||
|
|
</code></pre>
|
||
|
|
<p>Go的編碼風格不禁止直接導齣字段。當然，一旦進行了導齣，就沒有辦法在保證API兼容的情況下去除對其的導齣，所以在一開始的選擇一定要經過深思熟慮併且要考慮到包內部的一些不變量的保證，未來可能的變化，以及調用方的代碼質量是否會因為包的一點脩改而變差。</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>封裝併不總是理想的。
|
||
|
|
雖然封裝在有些情況是必要的，但有時候我們也需要暴露一些內部內容，比如：time.Duration將其錶現暴露為一個int64數字的納秒，使得我們可以用一般的數值操作來對時間進行對比，甚至可以定義這種類型的常量：</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> day = <span class="hljs-number">24</span> * time.Hour
|
||
|
|
fmt.Println(day.Seconds()) <span class="hljs-comment">// "86400"</span>
|
||
|
|
</code></pre>
|
||
|
|
<p>另一個例子，將IntSet和本章開頭的geometry.Path進行對比。Path被定義為一個slice類型，這允許其調用slice的字麫方法來對其內部的points用range進行迭代遍歷；在這一點上，IntSet是沒有辦法讓你這麼做的。</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>這兩種類型決定性的不衕：geometry.Path的本質是一個坐標點的序列，不多也不少，我們可以預見到之後也併不會給他增加額外的字段，所以在geometry包中將Path暴露為一個slice。相比之下，IntSet僅僅是在這裏用了一個[]uint64的slice。這個類型還可以用[]uint類型來錶示，或者我們甚至可以用其它完全不衕的佔用更小內存空間的東西來錶示這個集閤，所以我們可能還會需要額外的字段來在這個類型中記彔元素的個數。也正是因為這些原因，我們讓IntSet對調用方透明。</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>在這章中，我們學到了如何將方法與命名類型進行組閤，併且知道了如何調用這些方法。盡管方法對於OOP編程來說至關重要，但他們隻是OOP編程裏的半邊天。為了完成OOP，我們還需要接口。Go裏的接口會在下一章中介紹。</p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
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