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2023-06-26 17:30:52 +00:00
< ol class = "chapter" > < li class = "chapter-item expanded affix " > < a href = "../index.html" > Go语言圣经< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded affix " > < a href = "../preface-zh.html" > 译者序< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded affix " > < a href = "../preface.html" > 前言< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch1/ch1.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.< / strong > 入门< / a > < / li > < li > < ol class = "section" > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch1/ch1-01.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.1.< / strong > Hello, World< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch1/ch1-02.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.2.< / strong > 命令行参数< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch1/ch1-03.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.3.< / strong > 查找重复的行< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch1/ch1-04.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.4.< / strong > GIF动画< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch1/ch1-05.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.5.< / strong > 获取URL< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch1/ch1-06.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.6.< / strong > 并发获取多个URL< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch1/ch1-07.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.7.< / strong > Web服务< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch1/ch1-08.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.8.< / strong > 本章要点< / a > < / li > < / ol > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch2/ch2.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.< / strong > 程序结构< / a > < / li > < li > < ol class = "section" > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch2/ch2-01.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.1.< / strong > 命名< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch2/ch2-02.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.2.< / strong > 声明< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch2/ch2-03.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.3.< / strong > 变量< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch2/ch2-04.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.4.< / strong > 赋值< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch2/ch2-05.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.5.< / strong > 类型< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch2/ch2-06.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.6.< / strong > 包和文件< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch2/ch2-07.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.7.< / strong > 作用域< / a > < / li > < / ol > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch3/ch3.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.< / strong > 基础数据类型< / a > < / li > < li > < ol class = "section" > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch3/ch3-01.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.1.< / strong > 整型< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch3/ch3-02.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.2.< / strong > 浮点数< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch3/ch3-03.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.3.< / strong > 复数< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch3/ch3-04.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.4.< / strong > 布尔型< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch3/ch3-05.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.5.< / strong > 字符串< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch3/ch3-06.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.6.< / strong > 常量< / a > < / li > < / ol > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch4/ch4.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 4.< / strong > 复合数据类型< / a > < / li > < li > < ol class = "section" > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch4/ch4-01.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 4.1.< / strong > 数组< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch4/ch4-02.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 4.2.< / strong > Slice< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch4/ch4-03.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 4.3.< / strong > Map< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch4/ch4-04.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 4.4.< / strong > 结构体< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch4/ch4-05.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 4.5.< / strong > JSON< /
2022-08-04 06:59:33 +00:00
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2023-06-26 17:46:27 +00:00
< li > < em > 凹语言(专为 WebAssembly 设计): < a href = "https://github.com/wa-lang/wa" > https://github.com/wa-lang/wa< / a > < / em > < / li >
< li > < em > KCL 配置语言(Rust): < a href = "https://github.com/kcl-lang/kcl" > https://github.com/kcl-lang/kcl< / a > < / em > < / li >
< / ul >
2022-08-04 06:59:33 +00:00
< hr >
< h2 id = "126-示例-解码s表达式" > < a class = "header" href = "#126-示例-解码s表达式" > 12.6. 示例: 解码S表达式< / a > < / h2 >
< p > 标准库中encoding/...下每个包中提供的Marshal编码函数都有一个对应的Unmarshal函数用于解码。例如， ， （ < / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-Go" > data := []byte{/* ... */}
var movie Movie
err := json.Unmarshal(data, & movie)
< / code > < / pre >
< p > Unmarshal函数使用了反射机制类修改movie变量的每个成员， < / p >
< p > 现在让我们为S表达式编码实现一个简易的Unmarshal， ， ， ， ， ， ， < / p >
< p > 词法分析器lexer使用了标准库中的text/scanner包将输入流的字节数据解析为一个个类似注释、标识符、字符串面值和数字面值之类的标记。输入扫描器scanner的Scan方法将提前扫描和返回下一个记号， ， ， ， ， < / p >
< p > 因为每个解析器可能需要多次使用当前的记号， ， ， < / p >
< p > < u > < i > gopl.io/ch12/sexpr< / i > < / u > < / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-Go" > type lexer struct {
scan scanner.Scanner
token rune // the current token
}
func (lex *lexer) next() { lex.token = lex.scan.Scan() }
func (lex *lexer) text() string { return lex.scan.TokenText() }
func (lex *lexer) consume(want rune) {
if lex.token != want { // NOTE: Not an example of good error handling.
panic(fmt.Sprintf(" got %q, want %q" , lex.text(), want))
}
lex.next()
}
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 现在让我们转到语法解析器。它主要包含两个功能。第一个是read函数， ， < / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-Go" > func read(lex *lexer, v reflect.Value) {
switch lex.token {
case scanner.Ident:
// The only valid identifiers are
// " nil" and struct field names.
if lex.text() == " nil" {
v.Set(reflect.Zero(v.Type()))
lex.next()
return
}
case scanner.String:
s, _ := strconv.Unquote(lex.text()) // NOTE: ignoring errors
v.SetString(s)
lex.next()
return
case scanner.Int:
i, _ := strconv.Atoi(lex.text()) // NOTE: ignoring errors
v.SetInt(int64(i))
lex.next()
return
case '(':
lex.next()
readList(lex, v)
lex.next() // consume ')'
return
}
panic(fmt.Sprintf(" unexpected token %q" , lex.text()))
}
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 我们的S表达式使用标识符区分两个不同类型， ， ， < / p >
< p > 一个“(”标记对应一个列表的开始。第二个函数readList， （ ） ， ， ， < / p >
< p > 最有趣的部分是递归。最简单的是对数组类型的处理。直到遇到“)”结束标记， ， ， ， ， ， < / p >
< p > 在循环处理结构体和map每个元素时必须解码一个(key value)格式的对应子列表。对于结构体， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， < / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-Go" > func readList(lex *lexer, v reflect.Value) {
switch v.Kind() {
case reflect.Array: // (item ...)
for i := 0; !endList(lex); i++ {
read(lex, v.Index(i))
}
case reflect.Slice: // (item ...)
for !endList(lex) {
item := reflect.New(v.Type().Elem()).Elem()
read(lex, item)
v.Set(reflect.Append(v, item))
}
case reflect.Struct: // ((name value) ...)
for !endList(lex) {
lex.consume('(')
if lex.token != scanner.Ident {
panic(fmt.Sprintf(" got token %q, want field name" , lex.text()))
}
name := lex.text()
lex.next()
read(lex, v.FieldByName(name))
lex.consume(')')
}
case reflect.Map: // ((key value) ...)
v.Set(reflect.MakeMap(v.Type()))
for !endList(lex) {
lex.consume('(')
key := reflect.New(v.Type().Key()).Elem()
read(lex, key)
value := reflect.New(v.Type().Elem()).Elem()
read(lex, value)
v.SetMapIndex(key, value)
lex.consume(')')
}
default:
panic(fmt.Sprintf(" cannot decode list into %v" , v.Type()))
}
}
func endList(lex *lexer) bool {
switch lex.token {
case scanner.EOF:
panic(" end of file" )
case ')':
return true
}
return false
}
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 最后， ， ， （ ） ， < / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-Go" > // Unmarshal parses S-expression data and populates the variable
// whose address is in the non-nil pointer out.
func Unmarshal(data []byte, out interface{}) (err error) {
lex := & lexer{scan: scanner.Scanner{Mode: scanner.GoTokens}}
lex.scan.Init(bytes.NewReader(data))
lex.next() // get the first token
defer func() {
// NOTE: this is not an example of ideal error handling.
if x := recover(); x != nil {
err = fmt.Errorf(" error at %s: %v" , lex.scan.Position, x)
}
}()
read(lex, reflect.ValueOf(out).Elem())
return nil
}
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 生产实现不应该对任何输入问题都用panic形式报告， ， ， ， < / p >
< p > < strong > 练习 12.8： < / strong > sexpr.Unmarshal函数和json.Unmarshal一样， ， ， < / p >
< p > < strong > 练习 12.9： < / strong > 编写一个基于标记的API用于解码S表达式， （ ） ： < / p >
< p > < strong > 练习 12.10： < / strong > 扩展sexpr.Unmarshal函数， ， < strong > 练习 12.3： < / strong > 的方案。（ ： ， ） < / p >
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