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2023-06-26 17:30:52 +00:00
< ol class = "chapter" > < li class = "chapter-item expanded affix " > < a href = "../index.html" > Go语言圣经< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded affix " > < a href = "../preface-zh.html" > 译者序< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded affix " > < a href = "../preface.html" > 前言< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch1/ch1.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.< / strong > 入门< / a > < / li > < li > < ol class = "section" > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch1/ch1-01.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.1.< / strong > Hello, World< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch1/ch1-02.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.2.< / strong > 命令行参数< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch1/ch1-03.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.3.< / strong > 查找重复的行< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch1/ch1-04.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.4.< / strong > GIF动画< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch1/ch1-05.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.5.< / strong > 获取URL< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch1/ch1-06.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.6.< / strong > 并发获取多个URL< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch1/ch1-07.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.7.< / strong > Web服务< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch1/ch1-08.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.8.< / strong > 本章要点< / a > < / li > < / ol > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch2/ch2.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.< / strong > 程序结构< / a > < / li > < li > < ol class = "section" > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch2/ch2-01.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.1.< / strong > 命名< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch2/ch2-02.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.2.< / strong > 声明< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch2/ch2-03.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.3.< / strong > 变量< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch2/ch2-04.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.4.< / strong > 赋值< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch2/ch2-05.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.5.< / strong > 类型< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch2/ch2-06.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.6.< / strong > 包和文件< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch2/ch2-07.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.7.< / strong > 作用域< / a > < / li > < / ol > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch3/ch3.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.< / strong > 基础数据类型< / a > < / li > < li > < ol class = "section" > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch3/ch3-01.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.1.< / strong > 整型< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch3/ch3-02.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.2.< / strong > 浮点数< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch3/ch3-03.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.3.< / strong > 复数< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch3/ch3-04.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.4.< / strong > 布尔型< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch3/ch3-05.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.5.< / strong > 字符串< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch3/ch3-06.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.6.< / strong > 常量< / a > < / li > < / ol > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch4/ch4.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 4.< / strong > 复合数据类型< / a > < / li > < li > < ol class = "section" > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch4/ch4-01.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 4.1.< / strong > 数组< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch4/ch4-02.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 4.2.< / strong > Slice< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch4/ch4-03.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 4.3.< / strong > Map< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch4/ch4-04.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 4.4.< / strong > 结构体< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch4/ch4-05.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 4.5.< / strong > JSON< /
2022-08-04 06:59:33 +00:00
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2023-06-26 17:46:27 +00:00
< li > < em > 凹语言(专为 WebAssembly 设计): < a href = "https://github.com/wa-lang/wa" > https://github.com/wa-lang/wa< / a > < / em > < / li >
< li > < em > KCL 配置语言(Rust): < a href = "https://github.com/kcl-lang/kcl" > https://github.com/kcl-lang/kcl< / a > < / em > < / li >
< / ul >
2022-08-04 06:59:33 +00:00
< hr >
< h2 id = "74-flagvalue接口" > < a class = "header" href = "#74-flagvalue接口" > 7.4. flag.Value接口< / a > < / h2 >
< p > 在本章， ： < / p >
< p > < u > < i > gopl.io/ch7/sleep< / i > < / u > < / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-go" > var period = flag.Duration(" period" , 1*time.Second, " sleep period" )
func main() {
flag.Parse()
fmt.Printf(" Sleeping for %v..." , *period)
time.Sleep(*period)
fmt.Println()
}
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 在它休眠前它会打印出休眠的时间周期。fmt包调用time.Duration的String方法打印这个时间周期是以用户友好的注解方式， ： < / p >
< pre > < code > $ go build gopl.io/ch7/sleep
$ ./sleep
Sleeping for 1s...
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 默认情况下，休眠周期是一秒，但是可以通过 -period 这个命令行标记来控制。flag.Duration函数创建一个time.Duration类型的标记变量并且允许用户通过多种用户友好的方式来设置这个变量的大小， < / p >
< pre > < code > $ ./sleep -period 50ms
Sleeping for 50ms...
$ ./sleep -period 2m30s
Sleeping for 2m30s...
$ ./sleep -period 1.5h
Sleeping for 1h30m0s...
$ ./sleep -period " 1 day"
invalid value " 1 day" for flag -period: time: invalid duration 1 day
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 因为时间周期标记值非常的有用， ； ， ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-go" > package flag
// Value is the interface to the value stored in a flag.
type Value interface {
String() string
Set(string) error
}
< / code > < / pre >
< p > String方法格式化标记的值用在命令行帮助消息中； ， ， < / p >
< p > 让我们定义一个允许通过摄氏度或者华氏温度变换的形式指定温度的celsiusFlag类型。注意celsiusFlag内嵌了一个Celsius类型（ ） ， ， ： < / p >
< p > < u > < i > gopl.io/ch7/tempconv< / i > < / u > < / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-go" > // *celsiusFlag satisfies the flag.Value interface.
type celsiusFlag struct{ Celsius }
func (f *celsiusFlag) Set(s string) error {
var unit string
var value float64
fmt.Sscanf(s, " %f%s" , & value, & unit) // no error check needed
switch unit {
case " C" , " °C" :
f.Celsius = Celsius(value)
return nil
case " F" , " °F" :
f.Celsius = FToC(Fahrenheit(value))
return nil
}
return fmt.Errorf(" invalid temperature %q" , s)
}
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 调用fmt.Sscanf函数从输入s中解析一个浮点数（ ） （ ） ， ， < / p >
< p > 下面的CelsiusFlag函数将所有逻辑都封装在一起。它返回一个内嵌在celsiusFlag变量f中的Celsius指针给调用者。Celsius字段是一个会通过Set方法在标记处理的过程中更新的变量。调用Var方法将标记加入应用的命令行标记集合中， < code > *celsiusFlag< / code > 参数赋值给一个flag.Value参数， < code > *celsiusFlag< / code > 是否有必须的方法。< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-go" > // CelsiusFlag defines a Celsius flag with the specified name,
// default value, and usage, and returns the address of the flag variable.
// The flag argument must have a quantity and a unit, e.g., " 100C" .
func CelsiusFlag(name string, value Celsius, usage string) *Celsius {
f := celsiusFlag{value}
flag.CommandLine.Var(& f, name, usage)
return & f.Celsius
}
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 现在我们可以开始在我们的程序中使用新的标记：< / p >
< p > < u > < i > gopl.io/ch7/tempflag< / i > < / u > < / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-go" > var temp = tempconv.CelsiusFlag(" temp" , 20.0, " the temperature" )
func main() {
flag.Parse()
fmt.Println(*temp)
}
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 下面是典型的场景：< / p >
< pre > < code > $ go build gopl.io/ch7/tempflag
$ ./tempflag
20°C
$ ./tempflag -temp -18C
-18°C
$ ./tempflag -temp 212°F
100°C
$ ./tempflag -temp 273.15K
invalid value " 273.15K" for flag -temp: invalid temperature " 273.15K"
Usage of ./tempflag:
-temp value
the temperature (default 20°C)
$ ./tempflag -help
Usage of ./tempflag:
-temp value
the temperature (default 20°C)
< / code > < / pre >
< p > < strong > 练习 7.6： < / strong > 对tempFlag加入支持开尔文温度。< / p >
< p > < strong > 练习 7.7： < / strong > 解释为什么帮助信息在它的默认值是20.0没有包含°C的情况下输出了°C。< / p >
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