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< div class = "book" data-level = "13.3" data-chapter-title = "示例: 深度相等判斷" data-filepath = "ch13/ch13-03.md" data-basepath = ".." data-revision = "Mon Dec 28 2015 16:03:52 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)" >
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前言
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< b > 0.1.< / b >
Go語言起源
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< b > 0.2.< / b >
Go語言項目
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< b > 0.3.< / b >
本書的組織
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< b > 0.4.< / b >
更多的信息
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< b > 0.5.< / b >
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致謝
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< b > 1.< / b >
入門
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< b > 1.1.< / b >
Hello, World
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< b > 1.2.< / b >
命令行參數
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< b > 1.3.< / b >
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査找重複的行
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< b > 1.4.< / b >
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GIF動畵
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< b > 1.5.< / b >
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獲取URL
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< b > 1.6.< / b >
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併發獲取多個URL
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< b > 1.7.< / b >
Web服務
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< b > 1.8.< / b >
本章要點
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< b > 2.< / b >
程序結構
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< b > 2.1.< / b >
命名
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< b > 2.2.< / b >
聲明
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< b > 2.3.< / b >
變量
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< b > 2.4.< / b >
賦值
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< b > 2.5.< / b >
類型
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< b > 2.6.< / b >
包和文件
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< b > 2.7.< / b >
作用域
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< b > 3.< / b >
基礎數據類型
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< b > 3.1.< / b >
整型
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< b > 3.2.< / b >
浮點數
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< b > 3.3.< / b >
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複數
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< b > 3.4.< / b >
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布爾型
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< b > 3.5.< / b >
字符串
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< b > 3.6.< / b >
常量
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< b > 4.< / b >
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複合數據類型
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< b > 4.1.< / b >
數組
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< b > 4.2.< / b >
切片
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< b > 4.3.< / b >
字典
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< b > 4.4.< / b >
結構體
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< b > 4.5.< / b >
JSON
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< b > 4.6.< / b >
文本和HTML模闆
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< b > 5.< / b >
函數
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< b > 5.1.< / b >
函數聲明
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< b > 5.2.< / b >
遞歸
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< b > 5.3.< / b >
多返迴值
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< b > 5.4.< / b >
錯誤
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< b > 5.5.< / b >
函數值
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< b > 5.6.< / b >
匿名函數
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< b > 5.7.< / b >
可變參數
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< b > 5.8.< / b >
Deferred函數
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< b > 5.9.< / b >
Panic異常
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< b > 5.10.< / b >
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Recover捕獲異常
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< b > 6.< / b >
方法
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< b > 6.1.< / b >
方法聲明
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< b > 6.2.< / b >
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基於指針對象的方法
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3" data-path = "ch6/ch6-03.html" >
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< b > 6.3.< / b >
通過嵌入結構體來擴展類型
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< b > 6.4.< / b >
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方法值和方法表達式
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< b > 6.5.< / b >
示例: Bit數組
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< b > 6.6.< / b >
封裝
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< b > 7.< / b >
接口
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< b > 7.1.< / b >
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接口是合約
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< b > 7.2.< / b >
接口類型
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< b > 7.3.< / b >
實現接口的條件
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< b > 7.4.< / b >
flag.Value接口
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< b > 7.5.< / b >
接口值
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< b > 7.6.< / b >
sort.Interface接口
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< b > 7.7.< / b >
http.Handler接口
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< b > 7.8.< / b >
error接口
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< b > 7.9.< / b >
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示例: 表達式求值
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< b > 7.10.< / b >
類型斷言
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< b > 7.11.< / b >
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基於類型斷言識别錯誤類型
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< b > 7.12.< / b >
通過類型斷言査詢接口
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< b > 7.13.< / b >
類型分支
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.14" data-path = "ch7/ch7-14.html" >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-14.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 7.14.< / b >
示例: 基於標記的XML解碼
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.15" data-path = "ch7/ch7-15.html" >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-15.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 7.15.< / b >
補充幾點
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8" data-path = "ch8/ch8.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 8.< / b >
Goroutines和Channels
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.1" data-path = "ch8/ch8-01.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-01.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 8.1.< / b >
Goroutines
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.2" data-path = "ch8/ch8-02.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-02.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 8.2.< / b >
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示例: 併發的Clock服務
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.3" data-path = "ch8/ch8-03.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-03.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 8.3.< / b >
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示例: 併發的Echo服務
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.4" data-path = "ch8/ch8-04.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-04.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 8.4.< / b >
Channels
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.5" data-path = "ch8/ch8-05.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-05.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 8.5.< / b >
併行的循環
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.6" data-path = "ch8/ch8-06.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-06.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 8.6.< / b >
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示例: 併發的Web爬蟲
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.7" data-path = "ch8/ch8-07.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-07.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 8.7.< / b >
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基於select的多路複用
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.8" data-path = "ch8/ch8-08.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-08.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 8.8.< / b >
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示例: 併發的字典遍歷
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.9" data-path = "ch8/ch8-09.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-09.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 8.9.< / b >
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併發的退出
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.10" data-path = "ch8/ch8-10.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-10.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 8.10.< / b >
示例: 聊天服務
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9" data-path = "ch9/ch9.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.< / b >
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基於共享變量的併發
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< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.1" data-path = "ch9/ch9-01.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-01.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.1.< / b >
競爭條件
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.2" data-path = "ch9/ch9-02.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-02.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.2.< / b >
sync.Mutex互斥鎖
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.3" data-path = "ch9/ch9-03.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-03.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.3.< / b >
sync.RWMutex讀寫鎖
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.4" data-path = "ch9/ch9-04.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-04.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.4.< / b >
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內存同步
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.5" data-path = "ch9/ch9-05.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-05.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.5.< / b >
sync.Once初始化
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.6" data-path = "ch9/ch9-06.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-06.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.6.< / b >
競爭條件檢測
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.7" data-path = "ch9/ch9-07.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-07.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.7.< / b >
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示例: 併發的非阻塞緩存
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.8" data-path = "ch9/ch9-08.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-08.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.8.< / b >
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Goroutines和線程
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< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10" data-path = "ch10/ch10.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 10.< / b >
包和工具
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.1" data-path = "ch10/ch10-01.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10-01.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 10.1.< / b >
簡介
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.2" data-path = "ch10/ch10-02.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10-02.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 10.2.< / b >
導入路徑
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.3" data-path = "ch10/ch10-03.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10-03.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 10.3.< / b >
包聲明
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.4" data-path = "ch10/ch10-04.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10-04.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 10.4.< / b >
導入聲明
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.5" data-path = "ch10/ch10-05.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10-05.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 10.5.< / b >
匿名導入
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.6" data-path = "ch10/ch10-06.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10-06.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 10.6.< / b >
包和命名
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.7" data-path = "ch10/ch10-07.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10-07.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 10.7.< / b >
工具
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "11" data-path = "ch11/ch11.html" >
< a href = "../ch11/ch11.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 11.< / b >
測試
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "11.1" data-path = "ch11/ch11-01.html" >
< a href = "../ch11/ch11-01.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 11.1.< / b >
go test
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "11.2" data-path = "ch11/ch11-02.html" >
< a href = "../ch11/ch11-02.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 11.2.< / b >
測試函數
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "11.3" data-path = "ch11/ch11-03.html" >
< a href = "../ch11/ch11-03.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 11.3.< / b >
測試覆蓋率
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "11.4" data-path = "ch11/ch11-04.html" >
< a href = "../ch11/ch11-04.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 11.4.< / b >
基準測試
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "11.5" data-path = "ch11/ch11-05.html" >
< a href = "../ch11/ch11-05.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 11.5.< / b >
剖析
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "11.6" data-path = "ch11/ch11-06.html" >
< a href = "../ch11/ch11-06.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 11.6.< / b >
示例函數
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12" data-path = "ch12/ch12.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 12.< / b >
反射
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.1" data-path = "ch12/ch12-01.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-01.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 12.1.< / b >
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爲何需要反射?
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.2" data-path = "ch12/ch12-02.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-02.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 12.2.< / b >
reflect.Type和reflect.Value
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.3" data-path = "ch12/ch12-03.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-03.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 12.3.< / b >
Display遞歸打印
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.4" data-path = "ch12/ch12-04.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-04.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 12.4.< / b >
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示例: 編碼S表達式
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.5" data-path = "ch12/ch12-05.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-05.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 12.5.< / b >
通過reflect.Value脩改值
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.6" data-path = "ch12/ch12-06.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-06.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 12.6.< / b >
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示例: 解碼S表達式
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.7" data-path = "ch12/ch12-07.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-07.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 12.7.< / b >
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獲取結構體字段標識
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.8" data-path = "ch12/ch12-08.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-08.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 12.8.< / b >
顯示一個類型的方法集
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.9" data-path = "ch12/ch12-09.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-09.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 12.9.< / b >
幾點忠告
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "13" data-path = "ch13/ch13.html" >
< a href = "../ch13/ch13.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 13.< / b >
底層編程
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "13.1" data-path = "ch13/ch13-01.html" >
< a href = "../ch13/ch13-01.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 13.1.< / b >
unsafe.Sizeof, Alignof 和 Offsetof
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "13.2" data-path = "ch13/ch13-02.html" >
< a href = "../ch13/ch13-02.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 13.2.< / b >
unsafe.Pointer
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter active" data-level = "13.3" data-path = "ch13/ch13-03.html" >
< a href = "../ch13/ch13-03.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 13.3.< / b >
示例: 深度相等判斷
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "13.4" data-path = "ch13/ch13-04.html" >
< a href = "../ch13/ch13-04.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 13.4.< / b >
通過cgo調用C代碼
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "13.5" data-path = "ch13/ch13-05.html" >
< a href = "../ch13/ch13-05.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 13.5.< / b >
幾點忠告
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "14" data-path = "CONTRIBUTORS.html" >
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< a href = "../CONTRIBUTORS.html" >
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< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
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< b > 14.< / b >
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附録
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "divider" > < / li >
< li >
< a href = "https://www.gitbook.com" target = "blank" class = "gitbook-link" >
本書使用 GitBook 釋出
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / nav >
< / div >
< div class = "book-body" >
< div class = "body-inner" >
< div class = "book-header" role = "navigation" >
<!-- Actions Left -->
<!-- Title -->
< h1 >
< i class = "fa fa-circle-o-notch fa-spin" > < / i >
< a href = "../" > Go编程语言< / a >
< / h1 >
< / div >
< div class = "page-wrapper" tabindex = "-1" role = "main" >
< div class = "page-inner" >
< section class = "normal" id = "section-" >
< h2 id = "133-示例-深度相等判斷" > 13.3. 示 例 : 深 度 相 等 判 斷 < / h2 >
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< p > 來 自 reflect包 的 DeepEqual函 數 可 以 對 兩 個 值 進 行 深 度 相 等 判 斷 。 DeepEqual函 數 使 用 內 建 的 ==比 較 操 作 符 對 基 礎 類 型 進 行 相 等 判 斷 ， 對 於 複 合 類 型 則 遞 歸 該 變 量 的 每 個 基 礎 類 型 然 後 做 類 似 的 比 較 判 斷 。 因 爲 它 可 以 工 作 在 任 意 的 類 型 上 ， 甚 至 對 於 一 些 不 支 持 ==操 作 運 算 符 的 類 型 也 可 以 工 作 ， 因 此 在 一 些 測 試 代 碼 中 廣 泛 地 使 用 該 函 數 。 比 如 下 面 的 代 碼 是 用 DeepEqual函 數 比 較 兩 個 字 符 串 數 組 是 否 相 等 。 < / p >
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< pre > < code class = "lang-Go" > < span class = "hljs-keyword" > func< / span > TestSplit(t *testing.T) {
got := strings.Split(< span class = "hljs-string" > " a:b:c" < / span > , < span class = "hljs-string" > " :" < / span > )
want := []< span class = "hljs-typename" > string< / span > {< span class = "hljs-string" > " a" < / span > , < span class = "hljs-string" > " b" < / span > , < span class = "hljs-string" > " c" < / span > };
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > if< / span > !reflect.DeepEqual(got, want) { < span class = "hljs-comment" > /* ... */< / span > }
}
< / code > < / pre >
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< p > 盡 管 DeepEqual函 數 很 方 便 ， 而 且 可 以 支 持 任 意 的 數 據 類 型 ， 但 是 它 也 有 不 足 之 處 。 例 如 ， 它 將 一 個 nil值 的 map和 非 nil值 但 是 空 的 map視 作 不 相 等 ， 同 樣 nil值 的 slice 和 非 nil但 是 空 的 slice也 視 作 不 相 等 。 < / p >
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< pre > < code class = "lang-Go" > < span class = "hljs-keyword" > var< / span > a, b []< span class = "hljs-typename" > string< / span > = < span class = "hljs-constant" > nil< / span > , []< span class = "hljs-typename" > string< / span > {}
fmt.Println(reflect.DeepEqual(a, b)) < span class = "hljs-comment" > // " false" < / span >
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > var< / span > c, d < span class = "hljs-keyword" > map< / span > [< span class = "hljs-typename" > string< / span > ]< span class = "hljs-typename" > int< / span > = < span class = "hljs-constant" > nil< / span > , < span class = "hljs-built_in" > make< / span > (< span class = "hljs-keyword" > map< / span > [< span class = "hljs-typename" > string< / span > ]< span class = "hljs-typename" > int< / span > )
fmt.Println(reflect.DeepEqual(c, d)) < span class = "hljs-comment" > // " false" < / span >
< / code > < / pre >
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< p > 我 們 希 望 在 這 里 實 現 一 個 自 己 的 Equal函 數 ， 用 於 比 較 類 型 的 值 。 和 DeepEqual函 數 類 似 的 地 方 是 它 也 是 基 於 slice和 map的 每 個 元 素 進 行 遞 歸 比 較 ， 不 同 之 處 是 它 將 nil值 的 slice（ map類 似 ） 和 非 nil值 但 是 空 的 slice視 作 相 等 的 值 。 基 礎 部 分 的 比 較 可 以 基 於 reflect包 完 成 ， 和 12.3章 的 Display函 數 的 實 現 方 法 類 似 。 同 樣 ， 我 們 也 定 義 了 一 個 內 部 函 數 equal， 用 於 內 部 的 遞 歸 比 較 。 讀 者 目 前 不 用 關 心 seen參 數 的 具 體 含 義 。 對 於 每 一 對 需 要 比 較 的 x和 y， equal函 數 首 先 檢 測 它 們 是 否 都 有 效 （ 或 都 無 效 ） ， 然 後 檢 測 它 們 是 否 是 相 同 的 類 型 。 剩 下 的 部 分 是 一 個 鉅 大 的 switch分 支 ， 用 於 相 同 基 礎 類 型 的 元 素 比 較 。 因 爲 頁 面 空 間 的 限 製 ， 我 們 省 略 了 一 些 相 似 的 分 支 。 < / p >
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< pre > < code class = "lang-Go" > gopl.io/ch13/equal
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > func< / span > equal(x, y reflect.Value, seen < span class = "hljs-keyword" > map< / span > [comparison]< span class = "hljs-typename" > bool< / span > ) < span class = "hljs-typename" > bool< / span > {
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > if< / span > !x.IsValid() || !y.IsValid() {
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > return< / span > x.IsValid() == y.IsValid()
}
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > if< / span > x.Type() != y.Type() {
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > return< / span > < span class = "hljs-constant" > false< / span >
}
< span class = "hljs-comment" > // ...cycle check omitted (shown later)...< / span >
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > switch< / span > x.Kind() {
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > case< / span > reflect.Bool:
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > return< / span > x.Bool() == y.Bool()
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > case< / span > reflect.String:
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > return< / span > x.String() == y.String()
< span class = "hljs-comment" > // ...numeric cases omitted for brevity...< / span >
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > case< / span > reflect.Chan, reflect.UnsafePointer, reflect.Func:
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > return< / span > x.Pointer() == y.Pointer()
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > case< / span > reflect.Ptr, reflect.Interface:
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > return< / span > equal(x.Elem(), y.Elem(), seen)
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > case< / span > reflect.Array, reflect.Slice:
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > if< / span > x.Len() != y.Len() {
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > return< / span > < span class = "hljs-constant" > false< / span >
}
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > for< / span > i := < span class = "hljs-number" > 0< / span > ; i < x.Len(); i++ {
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > if< / span > !equal(x.Index(i), y.Index(i), seen) {
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > return< / span > < span class = "hljs-constant" > false< / span >
}
}
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > return< / span > < span class = "hljs-constant" > true< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > // ...struct and map cases omitted for brevity...< / span >
}
< span class = "hljs-built_in" > panic< / span > (< span class = "hljs-string" > " unreachable" < / span > )
}
< / code > < / pre >
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< p > 和 前 面 的 建 議 一 樣 ， 我 們 併 不 公 開 reflect包 相 關 的 接 口 ， 所 以 導 出 的 函 數 需 要 在 內 部 自 己 將 變 量 轉 爲 reflect.Value類 型 。 < / p >
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< pre > < code class = "lang-Go" > < span class = "hljs-comment" > // Equal reports whether x and y are deeply equal.< / span >
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > func< / span > Equal(x, y < span class = "hljs-keyword" > interface< / span > {}) < span class = "hljs-typename" > bool< / span > {
seen := < span class = "hljs-built_in" > make< / span > (< span class = "hljs-keyword" > map< / span > [comparison]< span class = "hljs-typename" > bool< / span > )
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > return< / span > equal(reflect.ValueOf(x), reflect.ValueOf(y), seen)
}
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > type< / span > comparison < span class = "hljs-keyword" > struct< / span > {
x, y unsafe.Pointer
treflect.Type
}
< / code > < / pre >
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< p > 爲 了 確 保 算 法 對 於 有 環 的 數 據 結 構 也 能 正 常 退 出 ， 我 們 必 鬚 記 録 每 次 已 經 比 較 的 變 量 ， 從 而 避 免 進 入 第 二 次 的 比 較 。 Equal函 數 分 配 了 一 組 用 於 比 較 的 結 構 體 ， 包 含 每 對 比 較 對 象 的 地 址 （ unsafe.Pointer形 式 保 存 ） 和 類 型 。 我 們 要 記 録 類 型 的 原 因 是 ， 有 些 不 同 的 變 量 可 能 對 應 相 同 的 地 址 。 例 如 ， 如 果 x和 y都 是 數 組 類 型 ， 那 麽 x和 x[0]將 對 應 相 同 的 地 址 ， y和 y[0]也 是 對 應 相 同 的 地 址 ， 這 可 以 用 於 區 分 x與 y之 間 的 比 較 或 x[0]與 y[0]之 間 的 比 較 是 否 進 行 過 了 。 < / p >
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< pre > < code class = "lang-Go" > < span class = "hljs-comment" > // cycle check< / span >
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > if< / span > x.CanAddr() & & y.CanAddr() {
xptr := unsafe.Pointer(x.UnsafeAddr())
yptr := unsafe.Pointer(y.UnsafeAddr())
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > if< / span > xptr == yptr {
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > return< / span > < span class = "hljs-constant" > true< / span > < span class = "hljs-comment" > // identical references< / span >
}
c := comparison{xptr, yptr, x.Type()}
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > if< / span > seen[c] {
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > return< / span > < span class = "hljs-constant" > true< / span > < span class = "hljs-comment" > // already seen< / span >
}
seen[c] = < span class = "hljs-constant" > true< / span >
}
< / code > < / pre >
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< p > 這 是 Equal函 數 用 法 的 例 子 :< / p >
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< pre > < code class = "lang-Go" > fmt.Println(Equal([]< span class = "hljs-typename" > int< / span > {< span class = "hljs-number" > 1< / span > , < span class = "hljs-number" > 2< / span > , < span class = "hljs-number" > 3< / span > }, []< span class = "hljs-typename" > int< / span > {< span class = "hljs-number" > 1< / span > , < span class = "hljs-number" > 2< / span > , < span class = "hljs-number" > 3< / span > })) < span class = "hljs-comment" > // " true" < / span >
fmt.Println(Equal([]< span class = "hljs-typename" > string< / span > {< span class = "hljs-string" > " foo" < / span > }, []< span class = "hljs-typename" > string< / span > {< span class = "hljs-string" > " bar" < / span > })) < span class = "hljs-comment" > // " false" < / span >
fmt.Println(Equal([]< span class = "hljs-typename" > string< / span > (< span class = "hljs-constant" > nil< / span > ), []< span class = "hljs-typename" > string< / span > {})) < span class = "hljs-comment" > // " true" < / span >
fmt.Println(Equal(< span class = "hljs-keyword" > map< / span > [< span class = "hljs-typename" > string< / span > ]< span class = "hljs-typename" > int< / span > (< span class = "hljs-constant" > nil< / span > ), < span class = "hljs-keyword" > map< / span > [< span class = "hljs-typename" > string< / span > ]< span class = "hljs-typename" > int< / span > {})) < span class = "hljs-comment" > // " true" < / span >
< / code > < / pre >
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< p > Equal函 數 甚 至 可 以 處 理 類 似 12.3章 中 導 致 Display陷 入 陷 入 死 循 環 的 帶 有 環 的 數 據 。 < / p >
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< pre > < code class = "lang-Go" > < span class = "hljs-comment" > // Circular linked lists a -> b -> a and c -> c.< / span >
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > type< / span > link < span class = "hljs-keyword" > struct< / span > {
value < span class = "hljs-typename" > string< / span >
tail *link
}
a, b, c := & link{value: < span class = "hljs-string" > " a" < / span > }, & link{value: < span class = "hljs-string" > " b" < / span > }, & link{value: < span class = "hljs-string" > " c" < / span > }
a.tail, b.tail, c.tail = b, a, c
fmt.Println(Equal(a, a)) < span class = "hljs-comment" > // " true" < / span >
fmt.Println(Equal(b, b)) < span class = "hljs-comment" > // " true" < / span >
fmt.Println(Equal(c, c)) < span class = "hljs-comment" > // " true" < / span >
fmt.Println(Equal(a, b)) < span class = "hljs-comment" > // " false" < / span >
fmt.Println(Equal(a, c)) < span class = "hljs-comment" > // " false" < / span >
< / code > < / pre >
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< p > < strong > 練 習 13.1： < / strong > 定 義 一 個 深 比 較 函 數 ， 對 於 十 億 以 內 的 數 字 比 較 ， 忽 略 類 型 差 異 。 < / p >
< p > < strong > 練 習 13.2： < / strong > 編 寫 一 個 函 數 ， 報 告 其 參 數 是 否 循 環 數 據 結 構 。 < / p >
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< / section >
< / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< a href = "../ch13/ch13-02.html" class = "navigation navigation-prev " aria-label = "Previous page: unsafe.Pointer" > < i class = "fa fa-angle-left" > < / i > < / a >
< a href = "../ch13/ch13-04.html" class = "navigation navigation-next " aria-label = "Next page: 通過cgo調用C代碼" > < i class = "fa fa-angle-right" > < / i > < / a >
< / div >
< / div >
< script src = "../gitbook/app.js" > < / script >
< script src = "../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js" > < / script >
< script src = "../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/buttons.js" > < / script >
< script >
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
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var config = {"katex":{},"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
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gitbook.start(config);
});
< / script >
< / body >
< / html >
