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前言
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< b > 0.1.< / b >
Go語言起源
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Go語言項目
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本書的組織
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更多的信息
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< b > 0.5.< / b >
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致謝
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< b > 1.< / b >
入門
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< b > 1.1.< / b >
Hello, World
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< b > 1.2.< / b >
命令行參數
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< b > 1.3.< / b >
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査找重複的行
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GIF動畵
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< b > 1.5.< / b >
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獲取URL
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< b > 1.6.< / b >
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併發獲取多個URL
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< b > 1.7.< / b >
Web服務
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< b > 1.8.< / b >
本章要點
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< b > 2.< / b >
程序結構
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< b > 2.1.< / b >
命名
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< b > 2.2.< / b >
聲明
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< b > 2.3.< / b >
變量
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< b > 2.4.< / b >
賦值
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< b > 2.5.< / b >
類型
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< b > 2.6.< / b >
包和文件
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< b > 2.7.< / b >
作用域
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< b > 3.< / b >
基礎數據類型
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< b > 3.1.< / b >
整型
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< b > 3.2.< / b >
浮點數
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< b > 3.3.< / b >
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複數
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< b > 3.4.< / b >
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布爾型
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< b > 3.5.< / b >
字符串
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< b > 3.6.< / b >
常量
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< b > 4.< / b >
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複合數據類型
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< ul class = "articles" >
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< b > 4.1.< / b >
數組
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< b > 4.2.< / b >
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Slice
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< b > 4.3.< / b >
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Map
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< b > 4.4.< / b >
結構體
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< b > 4.5.< / b >
JSON
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< b > 4.6.< / b >
文本和HTML模闆
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5" data-path = "ch5/ch5.html" >
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< b > 5.< / b >
函數
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< b > 5.1.< / b >
函數聲明
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< b > 5.2.< / b >
遞歸
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< b > 5.3.< / b >
多返迴值
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< a href = "../ch5/ch5-04.html" >
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< b > 5.4.< / b >
錯誤
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< b > 5.5.< / b >
函數值
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< b > 5.6.< / b >
匿名函數
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< a href = "../ch5/ch5-07.html" >
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< b > 5.7.< / b >
可變參數
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< b > 5.8.< / b >
Deferred函數
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< b > 5.9.< / b >
Panic異常
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< b > 5.10.< / b >
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Recover捕獲異常
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< b > 6.< / b >
方法
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< b > 6.1.< / b >
方法聲明
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.2" data-path = "ch6/ch6-02.html" >
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< b > 6.2.< / b >
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基於指針對象的方法
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3" data-path = "ch6/ch6-03.html" >
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< b > 6.3.< / b >
通過嵌入結構體來擴展類型
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.4" data-path = "ch6/ch6-04.html" >
< a href = "../ch6/ch6-04.html" >
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< b > 6.4.< / b >
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方法值和方法表達式
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< b > 6.5.< / b >
示例: Bit數組
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< b > 6.6.< / b >
封裝
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< b > 7.< / b >
接口
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< b > 7.1.< / b >
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接口是合約
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< b > 7.2.< / b >
接口類型
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.3" data-path = "ch7/ch7-03.html" >
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< b > 7.3.< / b >
實現接口的條件
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< b > 7.4.< / b >
flag.Value接口
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< b > 7.5.< / b >
接口值
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< b > 7.6.< / b >
sort.Interface接口
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< b > 7.7.< / b >
http.Handler接口
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< b > 7.8.< / b >
error接口
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< b > 7.9.< / b >
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示例: 表達式求值
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< b > 7.10.< / b >
類型斷言
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< b > 7.11.< / b >
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基於類型斷言識别錯誤類型
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< b > 7.12.< / b >
通過類型斷言査詢接口
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.13" data-path = "ch7/ch7-13.html" >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-13.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 7.13.< / b >
類型分支
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.14" data-path = "ch7/ch7-14.html" >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-14.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 7.14.< / b >
示例: 基於標記的XML解碼
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.15" data-path = "ch7/ch7-15.html" >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-15.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 7.15.< / b >
補充幾點
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8" data-path = "ch8/ch8.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 8.< / b >
Goroutines和Channels
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.1" data-path = "ch8/ch8-01.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-01.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 8.1.< / b >
Goroutines
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.2" data-path = "ch8/ch8-02.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-02.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 8.2.< / b >
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示例: 併發的Clock服務
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.3" data-path = "ch8/ch8-03.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-03.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 8.3.< / b >
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示例: 併發的Echo服務
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.4" data-path = "ch8/ch8-04.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-04.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 8.4.< / b >
Channels
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.5" data-path = "ch8/ch8-05.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-05.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 8.5.< / b >
併行的循環
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.6" data-path = "ch8/ch8-06.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-06.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 8.6.< / b >
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示例: 併發的Web爬蟲
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.7" data-path = "ch8/ch8-07.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-07.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 8.7.< / b >
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基於select的多路複用
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.8" data-path = "ch8/ch8-08.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-08.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 8.8.< / b >
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示例: 併發的字典遍歷
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.9" data-path = "ch8/ch8-09.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-09.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 8.9.< / b >
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併發的退出
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.10" data-path = "ch8/ch8-10.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-10.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 8.10.< / b >
示例: 聊天服務
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9" data-path = "ch9/ch9.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.< / b >
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基於共享變量的併發
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< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.1" data-path = "ch9/ch9-01.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-01.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.1.< / b >
競爭條件
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.2" data-path = "ch9/ch9-02.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-02.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.2.< / b >
sync.Mutex互斥鎖
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.3" data-path = "ch9/ch9-03.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-03.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.3.< / b >
sync.RWMutex讀寫鎖
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.4" data-path = "ch9/ch9-04.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-04.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.4.< / b >
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內存同步
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.5" data-path = "ch9/ch9-05.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-05.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.5.< / b >
sync.Once初始化
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.6" data-path = "ch9/ch9-06.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-06.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.6.< / b >
競爭條件檢測
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.7" data-path = "ch9/ch9-07.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-07.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.7.< / b >
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示例: 併發的非阻塞緩存
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.8" data-path = "ch9/ch9-08.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-08.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.8.< / b >
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Goroutines和線程
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< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10" data-path = "ch10/ch10.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 10.< / b >
包和工具
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.1" data-path = "ch10/ch10-01.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10-01.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 10.1.< / b >
簡介
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.2" data-path = "ch10/ch10-02.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10-02.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 10.2.< / b >
導入路徑
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.3" data-path = "ch10/ch10-03.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10-03.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 10.3.< / b >
包聲明
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.4" data-path = "ch10/ch10-04.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10-04.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 10.4.< / b >
導入聲明
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.5" data-path = "ch10/ch10-05.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10-05.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 10.5.< / b >
匿名導入
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.6" data-path = "ch10/ch10-06.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10-06.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 10.6.< / b >
包和命名
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.7" data-path = "ch10/ch10-07.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10-07.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 10.7.< / b >
工具
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "11" data-path = "ch11/ch11.html" >
< a href = "../ch11/ch11.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 11.< / b >
測試
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "11.1" data-path = "ch11/ch11-01.html" >
< a href = "../ch11/ch11-01.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 11.1.< / b >
go test
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "11.2" data-path = "ch11/ch11-02.html" >
< a href = "../ch11/ch11-02.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 11.2.< / b >
測試函數
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "11.3" data-path = "ch11/ch11-03.html" >
< a href = "../ch11/ch11-03.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 11.3.< / b >
測試覆蓋率
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "11.4" data-path = "ch11/ch11-04.html" >
< a href = "../ch11/ch11-04.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 11.4.< / b >
基準測試
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "11.5" data-path = "ch11/ch11-05.html" >
< a href = "../ch11/ch11-05.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 11.5.< / b >
剖析
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "11.6" data-path = "ch11/ch11-06.html" >
< a href = "../ch11/ch11-06.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 11.6.< / b >
示例函數
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12" data-path = "ch12/ch12.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 12.< / b >
反射
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.1" data-path = "ch12/ch12-01.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-01.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 12.1.< / b >
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爲何需要反射?
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.2" data-path = "ch12/ch12-02.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-02.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 12.2.< / b >
reflect.Type和reflect.Value
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.3" data-path = "ch12/ch12-03.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-03.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 12.3.< / b >
Display遞歸打印
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.4" data-path = "ch12/ch12-04.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-04.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 12.4.< / b >
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示例: 編碼S表達式
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter active" data-level = "12.5" data-path = "ch12/ch12-05.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-05.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 12.5.< / b >
通過reflect.Value脩改值
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.6" data-path = "ch12/ch12-06.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-06.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 12.6.< / b >
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示例: 解碼S表達式
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.7" data-path = "ch12/ch12-07.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-07.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 12.7.< / b >
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獲取結構體字段標識
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.8" data-path = "ch12/ch12-08.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-08.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 12.8.< / b >
顯示一個類型的方法集
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.9" data-path = "ch12/ch12-09.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-09.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 12.9.< / b >
幾點忠告
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "13" data-path = "ch13/ch13.html" >
< a href = "../ch13/ch13.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 13.< / b >
底層編程
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "13.1" data-path = "ch13/ch13-01.html" >
< a href = "../ch13/ch13-01.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 13.1.< / b >
unsafe.Sizeof, Alignof 和 Offsetof
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "13.2" data-path = "ch13/ch13-02.html" >
< a href = "../ch13/ch13-02.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 13.2.< / b >
unsafe.Pointer
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "13.3" data-path = "ch13/ch13-03.html" >
< a href = "../ch13/ch13-03.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 13.3.< / b >
示例: 深度相等判斷
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "13.4" data-path = "ch13/ch13-04.html" >
< a href = "../ch13/ch13-04.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 13.4.< / b >
通過cgo調用C代碼
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "13.5" data-path = "ch13/ch13-05.html" >
< a href = "../ch13/ch13-05.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 13.5.< / b >
幾點忠告
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "14" data-path = "CONTRIBUTORS.html" >
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2015-12-24 06:47:06 +00:00
< a href = "../CONTRIBUTORS.html" >
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< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
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< b > 14.< / b >
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附録
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "divider" > < / li >
< li >
< a href = "https://www.gitbook.com" target = "blank" class = "gitbook-link" >
本書使用 GitBook 釋出
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / nav >
< / div >
< div class = "book-body" >
< div class = "body-inner" >
< div class = "book-header" role = "navigation" >
<!-- Actions Left -->
<!-- Title -->
< h1 >
< i class = "fa fa-circle-o-notch fa-spin" > < / i >
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< a href = "../" > Go语言圣经< / a >
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< / h1 >
< / div >
< div class = "page-wrapper" tabindex = "-1" role = "main" >
< div class = "page-inner" >
< section class = "normal" id = "section-" >
< h2 id = "125-通過reflectvalue脩改值" > 12.5. 通 過 reflect.Value脩 改 值 < / h2 >
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< p > 到 目 前 爲 止 ， 反 射 還 隻 是 程 序 中 變 量 的 另 一 種 訪 問 方 式 。 然 而 ， 在 本 節 中 我 們 將 重 點 討 論 如 果 通 過 反 射 機 製 來 脩 改 變 量 。 < / p >
< p > 迴 想 一 下 ， Go語 言 中 類 似 x、 x.f[1]和 *p形 式 的 表 達 式 都 可 以 表 示 變 量 ， 但 是 其 它 如 x + 1和 f(2)則 不 是 變 量 。 一 個 變 量 就 是 一 個 可 尋 址 的 內 存 空 間 ， 里 面 存 儲 了 一 個 值 ， 併 且 存 儲 的 值 可 以 通 過 內 存 地 址 來 更 新 。 < / p >
< p > 對 於 reflect.Values也 有 類 似 的 區 别 。 有 一 些 reflect.Values是 可 取 地 址 的 ； 其 它 一 些 則 不 可 以 。 考 慮 以 下 的 聲 明 語 句 ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-Go" > x := < span class = "hljs-number" > 2< / span > < span class = "hljs-comment" > // value type variable?< / span >
a := reflect.ValueOf(< span class = "hljs-number" > 2< / span > ) < span class = "hljs-comment" > // 2 int no< / span >
b := reflect.ValueOf(x) < span class = "hljs-comment" > // 2 int no< / span >
c := reflect.ValueOf(& x) < span class = "hljs-comment" > // & x *int no< / span >
d := c.Elem() < span class = "hljs-comment" > // 2 int yes (x)< / span >
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 其 中 a對 應 的 變 量 則 不 可 取 地 址 。 因 爲 a中 的 值 僅 僅 是 整 數 2的 拷 貝 副 本 。 b中 的 值 也 同 樣 不 可 取 地 址 。 c中 的 值 還 是 不 可 取 地 址 ， 它 隻 是 一 個 指 針 < code > & x< / code > 的 拷 貝 。 實 際 上 ， 所 有 通 過 reflect.ValueOf(x)返 迴 的 reflect.Value都 是 不 可 取 地 址 的 。 但 是 對 於 d， 它 是 c的 解 引 用 方 式 生 成 的 ， 指 向 另 一 個 變 量 ， 因 此 是 可 取 地 址 的 。 我 們 可 以 通 過 調 用 reflect.ValueOf(& x).Elem()， 來 獲 取 任 意 變 量 x對 應 的 可 取 地 址 的 Value。 < / p >
< p > 我 們 可 以 通 過 調 用 reflect.Value的 CanAddr方 法 來 判 斷 其 是 否 可 以 被 取 地 址 ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-Go" > fmt.Println(a.CanAddr()) < span class = "hljs-comment" > // " false" < / span >
fmt.Println(b.CanAddr()) < span class = "hljs-comment" > // " false" < / span >
fmt.Println(c.CanAddr()) < span class = "hljs-comment" > // " false" < / span >
fmt.Println(d.CanAddr()) < span class = "hljs-comment" > // " true" < / span >
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 每 當 我 們 通 過 指 針 間 接 地 獲 取 的 reflect.Value都 是 可 取 地 址 的 ， 卽 使 開 始 的 是 一 個 不 可 取 地 址 的 Value。 在 反 射 機 製 中 ， 所 有 關 於 是 否 支 持 取 地 址 的 規 則 都 是 類 似 的 。 例 如 ， slice的 索 引 表 達 式 e[i]將 隱 式 地 包 含 一 個 指 針 ， 它 就 是 可 取 地 址 的 ， 卽 使 開 始 的 e表 達 式 不 支 持 也 沒 有 關 繫 。 以 此 類 推 ， reflect.ValueOf(e).Index(i)對 於 的 值 也 是 可 取 地 址 的 ， 卽 使 原 始 的 reflect.ValueOf(e)不 支 持 也 沒 有 關 繫 。 < / p >
< p > 要 從 變 量 對 應 的 可 取 地 址 的 reflect.Value來 訪 問 變 量 需 要 三 個 步 驟 。 第 一 步 是 調 用 Addr()方 法 ， 它 返 迴 一 個 Value， 里 面 保 存 了 指 向 變 量 的 指 針 。 然 後 是 在 Value上 調 用 Interface()方 法 ， 也 就 是 返 迴 一 個 interface{}， 里 面 通 用 包 含 指 向 變 量 的 指 針 。 最 後 ， 如 果 我 們 知 道 變 量 的 類 型 ， 我 們 可 以 使 用 類 型 的 斷 言 機 製 將 得 到 的 interface{}類 型 的 接 口 強 製 環 爲 普 通 的 類 型 指 針 。 這 樣 我 們 就 可 以 通 過 這 個 普 通 指 針 來 更 新 變 量 了 ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-Go" > x := < span class = "hljs-number" > 2< / span >
d := reflect.ValueOf(& x).Elem() < span class = "hljs-comment" > // d refers to the variable x< / span >
px := d.Addr().Interface().(*< span class = "hljs-typename" > int< / span > ) < span class = "hljs-comment" > // px := & x< / span >
*px = < span class = "hljs-number" > 3< / span > < span class = "hljs-comment" > // x = 3< / span >
fmt.Println(x) < span class = "hljs-comment" > // " 3" < / span >
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 或 者 ， 不 使 用 指 針 ， 而 是 通 過 調 用 可 取 地 址 的 reflect.Value的 reflect.Value.Set方 法 來 更 新 對 於 的 值 ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-Go" > d.Set(reflect.ValueOf(< span class = "hljs-number" > 4< / span > ))
fmt.Println(x) < span class = "hljs-comment" > // " 4" < / span >
< / code > < / pre >
< p > Set方 法 將 在 運 行 時 執 行 和 編 譯 時 類 似 的 可 賦 值 性 約 束 的 檢 査 。 以 上 代 碼 ， 變 量 和 值 都 是 int類 型 ， 但 是 如 果 變 量 是 int64類 型 ， 那 麽 程 序 將 拋 出 一 個 panic異 常 ， 所 以 關 鍵 問 題 是 要 確 保 改 類 型 的 變 量 可 以 接 受 對 應 的 值 ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-Go" > d.Set(reflect.ValueOf(< span class = "hljs-typename" > int64< / span > (< span class = "hljs-number" > 5< / span > ))) < span class = "hljs-comment" > // panic: int64 is not assignable to int< / span >
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 通 用 對 一 個 不 可 取 地 址 的 reflect.Value調 用 Set方 法 也 會 導 致 panic異 常 ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-Go" > x := < span class = "hljs-number" > 2< / span >
b := reflect.ValueOf(x)
b.Set(reflect.ValueOf(< span class = "hljs-number" > 3< / span > )) < span class = "hljs-comment" > // panic: Set using unaddressable value< / span >
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 這 里 有 很 多 用 於 基 本 數 據 類 型 的 Set方 法 ： SetInt、 SetUint、 SetString和 SetFloat等 。 < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-Go" > d := reflect.ValueOf(& x).Elem()
d.SetInt(< span class = "hljs-number" > 3< / span > )
fmt.Println(x) < span class = "hljs-comment" > // " 3" < / span >
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 從 某 種 程 度 上 説 ， 這 些 Set方 法 總 是 盡 可 能 地 完 成 任 務 。 以 SetInt爲 例 ， 隻 要 變 量 是 某 種 類 型 的 有 符 號 整 數 就 可 以 工 作 ， 卽 使 是 一 些 命 名 的 類 型 ， 隻 要 底 層 數 據 類 型 是 有 符 號 整 數 就 可 以 ， 而 且 如 果 對 於 變 量 類 型 值 太 大 的 話 會 被 自 動 截 斷 。 但 需 要 謹 慎 的 是 ： 對 於 一 個 引 用 interface{}類 型 的 reflect.Value調 用 SetInt會 導 致 panic異 常 ， 卽 使 那 個 interface{}變 量 對 於 整 數 類 型 也 不 行 。 < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-Go" > x := < span class = "hljs-number" > 1< / span >
rx := reflect.ValueOf(& x).Elem()
rx.SetInt(< span class = "hljs-number" > 2< / span > ) < span class = "hljs-comment" > // OK, x = 2< / span >
rx.Set(reflect.ValueOf(< span class = "hljs-number" > 3< / span > )) < span class = "hljs-comment" > // OK, x = 3< / span >
rx.SetString(< span class = "hljs-string" > " hello" < / span > ) < span class = "hljs-comment" > // panic: string is not assignable to int< / span >
rx.Set(reflect.ValueOf(< span class = "hljs-string" > " hello" < / span > )) < span class = "hljs-comment" > // panic: string is not assignable to int< / span >
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > var< / span > y < span class = "hljs-keyword" > interface< / span > {}
ry := reflect.ValueOf(& y).Elem()
ry.SetInt(< span class = "hljs-number" > 2< / span > ) < span class = "hljs-comment" > // panic: SetInt called on interface Value< / span >
ry.Set(reflect.ValueOf(< span class = "hljs-number" > 3< / span > )) < span class = "hljs-comment" > // OK, y = int(3)< / span >
ry.SetString(< span class = "hljs-string" > " hello" < / span > ) < span class = "hljs-comment" > // panic: SetString called on interface Value< / span >
ry.Set(reflect.ValueOf(< span class = "hljs-string" > " hello" < / span > )) < span class = "hljs-comment" > // OK, y = " hello" < / span >
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 當 我 們 用 Display顯 示 os.Stdout結 構 時 ， 我 們 發 現 反 射 可 以 越 過 Go語 言 的 導 出 規 則 的 限 製 讀 取 結 構 體 中 未 導 出 的 成 員 ， 比 如 在 類 Unix繫 統 上 os.File結 構 體 中 的 fd int成 員 。 然 而 ， 利 用 反 射 機 製 併 不 能 脩 改 這 些 未 導 出 的 成 員 ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-Go" > stdout := reflect.ValueOf(os.Stdout).Elem() < span class = "hljs-comment" > // *os.Stdout, an os.File var< / span >
fmt.Println(stdout.Type()) < span class = "hljs-comment" > // " os.File" < / span >
fd := stdout.FieldByName(< span class = "hljs-string" > " fd" < / span > )
fmt.Println(fd.Int()) < span class = "hljs-comment" > // " 1" < / span >
fd.SetInt(< span class = "hljs-number" > 2< / span > ) < span class = "hljs-comment" > // panic: unexported field< / span >
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 一 個 可 取 地 址 的 reflect.Value會 記 録 一 個 結 構 體 成 員 是 否 是 未 導 出 成 員 ， 如 果 是 的 話 則 拒 絶 脩 改 操 作 。 因 此 ， CanAddr方 法 併 不 能 正 確 反 映 一 個 變 量 是 否 是 可 以 被 脩 改 的 。 另 一 個 相 關 的 方 法 CanSet是 用 於 檢 査 對 應 的 reflect.Value是 否 是 可 取 地 址 併 可 被 脩 改 的 ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-Go" > fmt.Println(fd.CanAddr(), fd.CanSet()) < span class = "hljs-comment" > // " true false" < / span >
< / code > < / pre >
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< / section >
< / div >
< / div >
< / div >
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< a href = "../ch12/ch12-04.html" class = "navigation navigation-prev " aria-label = "Previous page: 示例: 編碼S表達式" > < i class = "fa fa-angle-left" > < / i > < / a >
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< a href = "../ch12/ch12-06.html" class = "navigation navigation-next " aria-label = "Next page: 示例: 解碼S表達式" > < i class = "fa fa-angle-right" > < / i > < / a >
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< / div >
< / div >
< script src = "../gitbook/app.js" > < / script >
< script src = "../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js" > < / script >
< script src = "../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/buttons.js" > < / script >
< script >
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
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var config = {"katex":{},"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
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gitbook.start(config);
});
< / script >
< / body >
< / html >
