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<title>示例: 聊天服務 | Go语言圣经</title>
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<div class="book"
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data-chapter-title="示例: 聊天服務"
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前言
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<li class="chapter " data-level="0.1" data-path="ch0/ch0-01.html">
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<b>0.1.</b>
Go語言起源
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<b>0.2.</b>
Go語言項目
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<b>0.3.</b>
本書的組織
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<b>0.4.</b>
更多的信息
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<b>0.5.</b>
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致謝
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</a>
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</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1" data-path="ch1/ch1.html">
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<b>1.</b>
入門
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<b>1.1.</b>
Hello, World
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<b>1.2.</b>
命令行參數
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<b>1.3.</b>
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査找重複的行
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</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4" data-path="ch1/ch1-04.html">
<a href="../ch1/ch1-04.html">
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<b>1.4.</b>
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GIF動畵
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</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5" data-path="ch1/ch1-05.html">
<a href="../ch1/ch1-05.html">
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<b>1.5.</b>
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獲取URL
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</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6" data-path="ch1/ch1-06.html">
<a href="../ch1/ch1-06.html">
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<b>1.6.</b>
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併發獲取多個URL
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</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7" data-path="ch1/ch1-07.html">
<a href="../ch1/ch1-07.html">
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<b>1.7.</b>
Web服務
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<a href="../ch1/ch1-08.html">
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<b>1.8.</b>
本章要點
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2" data-path="ch2/ch2.html">
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<b>2.</b>
程序結構
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<b>2.1.</b>
命名
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.2" data-path="ch2/ch2-02.html">
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<b>2.2.</b>
聲明
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<b>2.3.</b>
變量
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.4" data-path="ch2/ch2-04.html">
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<b>2.4.</b>
賦值
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<b>2.5.</b>
類型
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<a href="../ch2/ch2-06.html">
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<b>2.6.</b>
包和文件
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.7" data-path="ch2/ch2-07.html">
<a href="../ch2/ch2-07.html">
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<b>2.7.</b>
作用域
</a>
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</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3" data-path="ch3/ch3.html">
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<b>3.</b>
基礎數據類型
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1" data-path="ch3/ch3-01.html">
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<b>3.1.</b>
整型
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.2" data-path="ch3/ch3-02.html">
<a href="../ch3/ch3-02.html">
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<b>3.2.</b>
浮點數
</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.3" data-path="ch3/ch3-03.html">
<a href="../ch3/ch3-03.html">
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<b>3.3.</b>
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複數
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</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.4" data-path="ch3/ch3-04.html">
<a href="../ch3/ch3-04.html">
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<b>3.4.</b>
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布爾型
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</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.5" data-path="ch3/ch3-05.html">
<a href="../ch3/ch3-05.html">
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<b>3.5.</b>
字符串
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.6" data-path="ch3/ch3-06.html">
<a href="../ch3/ch3-06.html">
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<b>3.6.</b>
常量
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4" data-path="ch4/ch4.html">
<a href="../ch4/ch4.html">
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<b>4.</b>
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複合數據類型
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</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1" data-path="ch4/ch4-01.html">
<a href="../ch4/ch4-01.html">
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<b>4.1.</b>
數組
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2" data-path="ch4/ch4-02.html">
<a href="../ch4/ch4-02.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>4.2.</b>
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Slice
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</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.3" data-path="ch4/ch4-03.html">
<a href="../ch4/ch4-03.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>4.3.</b>
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Map
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</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4" data-path="ch4/ch4-04.html">
<a href="../ch4/ch4-04.html">
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<b>4.4.</b>
結構體
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5" data-path="ch4/ch4-05.html">
<a href="../ch4/ch4-05.html">
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<b>4.5.</b>
JSON
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6" data-path="ch4/ch4-06.html">
<a href="../ch4/ch4-06.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>4.6.</b>
文本和HTML模闆
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5" data-path="ch5/ch5.html">
<a href="../ch5/ch5.html">
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<b>5.</b>
函數
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.1" data-path="ch5/ch5-01.html">
<a href="../ch5/ch5-01.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>5.1.</b>
函數聲明
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2" data-path="ch5/ch5-02.html">
<a href="../ch5/ch5-02.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>5.2.</b>
遞歸
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3" data-path="ch5/ch5-03.html">
<a href="../ch5/ch5-03.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>5.3.</b>
多返迴值
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4" data-path="ch5/ch5-04.html">
<a href="../ch5/ch5-04.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>5.4.</b>
錯誤
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5" data-path="ch5/ch5-05.html">
<a href="../ch5/ch5-05.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>5.5.</b>
函數值
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.6" data-path="ch5/ch5-06.html">
<a href="../ch5/ch5-06.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>5.6.</b>
匿名函數
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.7" data-path="ch5/ch5-07.html">
<a href="../ch5/ch5-07.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>5.7.</b>
可變參數
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.8" data-path="ch5/ch5-08.html">
<a href="../ch5/ch5-08.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>5.8.</b>
Deferred函數
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.9" data-path="ch5/ch5-09.html">
<a href="../ch5/ch5-09.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>5.9.</b>
Panic異常
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.10" data-path="ch5/ch5-10.html">
<a href="../ch5/ch5-10.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>5.10.</b>
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Recover捕獲異常
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</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6" data-path="ch6/ch6.html">
<a href="../ch6/ch6.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>6.</b>
方法
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.1" data-path="ch6/ch6-01.html">
<a href="../ch6/ch6-01.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>6.1.</b>
方法聲明
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2" data-path="ch6/ch6-02.html">
<a href="../ch6/ch6-02.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>6.2.</b>
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基於指針對象的方法
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</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3" data-path="ch6/ch6-03.html">
<a href="../ch6/ch6-03.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>6.3.</b>
通過嵌入結構體來擴展類型
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4" data-path="ch6/ch6-04.html">
<a href="../ch6/ch6-04.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>6.4.</b>
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方法值和方法表達式
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</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5" data-path="ch6/ch6-05.html">
<a href="../ch6/ch6-05.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>6.5.</b>
示例: Bit數組
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6" data-path="ch6/ch6-06.html">
<a href="../ch6/ch6-06.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>6.6.</b>
封裝
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7" data-path="ch7/ch7.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.</b>
接口
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.1" data-path="ch7/ch7-01.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-01.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.1.</b>
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接口是合約
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</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.2" data-path="ch7/ch7-02.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-02.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.2.</b>
接口類型
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3" data-path="ch7/ch7-03.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-03.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.3.</b>
實現接口的條件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.4" data-path="ch7/ch7-04.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-04.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.4.</b>
flag.Value接口
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.5" data-path="ch7/ch7-05.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-05.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.5.</b>
接口值
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.6" data-path="ch7/ch7-06.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-06.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.6.</b>
sort.Interface接口
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.7" data-path="ch7/ch7-07.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-07.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.7.</b>
http.Handler接口
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.8" data-path="ch7/ch7-08.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-08.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.8.</b>
error接口
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.9" data-path="ch7/ch7-09.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-09.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.9.</b>
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示例: 表達式求值
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</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.10" data-path="ch7/ch7-10.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-10.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.10.</b>
類型斷言
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.11" data-path="ch7/ch7-11.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-11.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.11.</b>
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基於類型斷言識别錯誤類型
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</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.12" data-path="ch7/ch7-12.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-12.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.12.</b>
通過類型斷言査詢接口
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.13" data-path="ch7/ch7-13.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-13.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.13.</b>
類型分支
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.14" data-path="ch7/ch7-14.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-14.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.14.</b>
示例: 基於標記的XML解碼
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.15" data-path="ch7/ch7-15.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-15.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.15.</b>
補充幾點
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8" data-path="ch8/ch8.html">
<a href="../ch8/ch8.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>8.</b>
Goroutines和Channels
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.1" data-path="ch8/ch8-01.html">
<a href="../ch8/ch8-01.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>8.1.</b>
Goroutines
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.2" data-path="ch8/ch8-02.html">
<a href="../ch8/ch8-02.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>8.2.</b>
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示例: 併發的Clock服務
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</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.3" data-path="ch8/ch8-03.html">
<a href="../ch8/ch8-03.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>8.3.</b>
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示例: 併發的Echo服務
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</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.4" data-path="ch8/ch8-04.html">
<a href="../ch8/ch8-04.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>8.4.</b>
Channels
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.5" data-path="ch8/ch8-05.html">
<a href="../ch8/ch8-05.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>8.5.</b>
併行的循環
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.6" data-path="ch8/ch8-06.html">
<a href="../ch8/ch8-06.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>8.6.</b>
2015-12-21 04:55:18 +00:00
示例: 併發的Web爬蟲
2015-12-09 07:57:17 +00:00
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.7" data-path="ch8/ch8-07.html">
<a href="../ch8/ch8-07.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>8.7.</b>
2015-12-21 04:55:18 +00:00
基於select的多路複用
2015-12-09 07:57:17 +00:00
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.8" data-path="ch8/ch8-08.html">
<a href="../ch8/ch8-08.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>8.8.</b>
2015-12-21 04:55:18 +00:00
示例: 併發的字典遍歷
2015-12-09 07:57:17 +00:00
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.9" data-path="ch8/ch8-09.html">
<a href="../ch8/ch8-09.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>8.9.</b>
2015-12-28 08:08:26 +00:00
併發的退出
2015-12-09 07:57:17 +00:00
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter active" data-level="8.10" data-path="ch8/ch8-10.html">
<a href="../ch8/ch8-10.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>8.10.</b>
示例: 聊天服務
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9" data-path="ch9/ch9.html">
<a href="../ch9/ch9.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>9.</b>
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基於共享變量的併發
2015-12-09 07:57:17 +00:00
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.1" data-path="ch9/ch9-01.html">
<a href="../ch9/ch9-01.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>9.1.</b>
競爭條件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.2" data-path="ch9/ch9-02.html">
<a href="../ch9/ch9-02.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>9.2.</b>
sync.Mutex互斥鎖
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.3" data-path="ch9/ch9-03.html">
<a href="../ch9/ch9-03.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>9.3.</b>
sync.RWMutex讀寫鎖
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.4" data-path="ch9/ch9-04.html">
<a href="../ch9/ch9-04.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>9.4.</b>
2015-12-21 04:55:18 +00:00
內存同步
2015-12-09 07:57:17 +00:00
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.5" data-path="ch9/ch9-05.html">
<a href="../ch9/ch9-05.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>9.5.</b>
sync.Once初始化
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.6" data-path="ch9/ch9-06.html">
<a href="../ch9/ch9-06.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>9.6.</b>
競爭條件檢測
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.7" data-path="ch9/ch9-07.html">
<a href="../ch9/ch9-07.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>9.7.</b>
2015-12-21 04:55:18 +00:00
示例: 併發的非阻塞緩存
2015-12-09 07:57:17 +00:00
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.8" data-path="ch9/ch9-08.html">
<a href="../ch9/ch9-08.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>9.8.</b>
2015-12-21 04:55:18 +00:00
Goroutines和線程
2015-12-09 07:57:17 +00:00
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10" data-path="ch10/ch10.html">
<a href="../ch10/ch10.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>10.</b>
包和工具
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.1" data-path="ch10/ch10-01.html">
<a href="../ch10/ch10-01.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>10.1.</b>
簡介
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.2" data-path="ch10/ch10-02.html">
<a href="../ch10/ch10-02.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>10.2.</b>
導入路徑
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.3" data-path="ch10/ch10-03.html">
<a href="../ch10/ch10-03.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>10.3.</b>
包聲明
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.4" data-path="ch10/ch10-04.html">
<a href="../ch10/ch10-04.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>10.4.</b>
導入聲明
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.5" data-path="ch10/ch10-05.html">
<a href="../ch10/ch10-05.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>10.5.</b>
匿名導入
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.6" data-path="ch10/ch10-06.html">
<a href="../ch10/ch10-06.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>10.6.</b>
包和命名
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.7" data-path="ch10/ch10-07.html">
<a href="../ch10/ch10-07.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>10.7.</b>
工具
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11" data-path="ch11/ch11.html">
<a href="../ch11/ch11.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>11.</b>
測試
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.1" data-path="ch11/ch11-01.html">
<a href="../ch11/ch11-01.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>11.1.</b>
go test
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.2" data-path="ch11/ch11-02.html">
<a href="../ch11/ch11-02.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>11.2.</b>
測試函數
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.3" data-path="ch11/ch11-03.html">
<a href="../ch11/ch11-03.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>11.3.</b>
測試覆蓋率
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.4" data-path="ch11/ch11-04.html">
<a href="../ch11/ch11-04.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>11.4.</b>
基準測試
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.5" data-path="ch11/ch11-05.html">
<a href="../ch11/ch11-05.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>11.5.</b>
剖析
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.6" data-path="ch11/ch11-06.html">
<a href="../ch11/ch11-06.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>11.6.</b>
示例函數
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="12" data-path="ch12/ch12.html">
<a href="../ch12/ch12.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>12.</b>
反射
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.1" data-path="ch12/ch12-01.html">
<a href="../ch12/ch12-01.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>12.1.</b>
2015-12-21 04:55:18 +00:00
爲何需要反射?
2015-12-09 07:57:17 +00:00
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.2" data-path="ch12/ch12-02.html">
<a href="../ch12/ch12-02.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>12.2.</b>
reflect.Type和reflect.Value
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.3" data-path="ch12/ch12-03.html">
<a href="../ch12/ch12-03.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>12.3.</b>
Display遞歸打印
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.4" data-path="ch12/ch12-04.html">
<a href="../ch12/ch12-04.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>12.4.</b>
2015-12-21 04:55:18 +00:00
示例: 編碼S表達式
2015-12-09 07:57:17 +00:00
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.5" data-path="ch12/ch12-05.html">
<a href="../ch12/ch12-05.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>12.5.</b>
通過reflect.Value脩改值
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.6" data-path="ch12/ch12-06.html">
<a href="../ch12/ch12-06.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>12.6.</b>
2015-12-21 04:55:18 +00:00
示例: 解碼S表達式
2015-12-09 07:57:17 +00:00
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.7" data-path="ch12/ch12-07.html">
<a href="../ch12/ch12-07.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>12.7.</b>
2015-12-28 08:08:26 +00:00
獲取結構體字段標識
2015-12-09 07:57:17 +00:00
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.8" data-path="ch12/ch12-08.html">
<a href="../ch12/ch12-08.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>12.8.</b>
顯示一個類型的方法集
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.9" data-path="ch12/ch12-09.html">
<a href="../ch12/ch12-09.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>12.9.</b>
幾點忠告
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="13" data-path="ch13/ch13.html">
<a href="../ch13/ch13.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>13.</b>
底層編程
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="13.1" data-path="ch13/ch13-01.html">
<a href="../ch13/ch13-01.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>13.1.</b>
unsafe.Sizeof, Alignof 和 Offsetof
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="13.2" data-path="ch13/ch13-02.html">
<a href="../ch13/ch13-02.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>13.2.</b>
unsafe.Pointer
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="13.3" data-path="ch13/ch13-03.html">
<a href="../ch13/ch13-03.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>13.3.</b>
示例: 深度相等判斷
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="13.4" data-path="ch13/ch13-04.html">
<a href="../ch13/ch13-04.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>13.4.</b>
通過cgo調用C代碼
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="13.5" data-path="ch13/ch13-05.html">
<a href="../ch13/ch13-05.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>13.5.</b>
幾點忠告
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
2015-12-24 06:47:06 +00:00
<li class="chapter " data-level="14" data-path="CONTRIBUTORS.html">
2015-12-09 07:57:17 +00:00
2015-12-24 06:47:06 +00:00
<a href="../CONTRIBUTORS.html">
2015-12-09 07:57:17 +00:00
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
2015-12-21 04:55:18 +00:00
<b>14.</b>
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2015-12-24 06:47:06 +00:00
附録
2015-12-09 07:57:17 +00:00
</a>
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<a href="../" >Go语言圣经</a>
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<h2 id="810-&#x793A;&#x4F8B;-&#x804A;&#x5929;&#x670D;&#x52D9;">8.10. &#x793A;&#x4F8B;: &#x804A;&#x5929;&#x670D;&#x52D9;</h2>
2015-12-24 06:47:06 +00:00
<p>&#x6211;&#x5011;&#x7528;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x804A;&#x5929;&#x670D;&#x52D9;&#x5668;&#x4F86;&#x7D42;&#x7D50;&#x672C;&#x7AE0;&#x7BC0;&#x7684;&#x5167;&#x5BB9;&#xFF0C;&#x9019;&#x500B;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x8B93;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x7528;&#x6236;&#x901A;&#x904E;&#x670D;&#x52D9;&#x5668;&#x5411;&#x5176;&#x5B83;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x7528;&#x6236;&#x5EE3;&#x64AD;&#x6587;&#x672C;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#x3002;&#x9019;&#x500B;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x4E2D;&#x6709;&#x56DB;&#x7A2E;goroutine&#x3002;main&#x548C;broadcaster&#x5404;&#x81EA;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x500B;goroutine&#x5BE6;&#x4F8B;&#xFF0C;&#x6BCF;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x5BA2;&#x6236;&#x7AEF;&#x7684;&#x9023;&#x63A5;&#x90FD;&#x6703;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x500B;handleConn&#x548C;clientWriter&#x7684;goroutine&#x3002;broadcaster&#x662F;select&#x7528;&#x6CD5;&#x7684;&#x4E0D;&#x932F;&#x7684;&#x6A23;&#x4F8B;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x7232;&#x5B83;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x8655;&#x7406;&#x4E09;&#x7A2E;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#x3002;
&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x6F14;&#x793A;&#x7684;main goroutine&#x7684;&#x5DE5;&#x4F5C;&#xFF0C;&#x662F;listen&#x548C;accept(&#x8B6F;&#x8A3B;&#xFF1A;&#x7DB2;&#x7D61;&#x7DE8;&#x7A0B;&#x91CC;&#x7684;&#x6982;&#x5FF5;)&#x5F9E;&#x5BA2;&#x6236;&#x7AEF;&#x904E;&#x4F86;&#x7684;&#x9023;&#x63A5;&#x3002;&#x5C0D;&#x6BCF;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x9023;&#x63A5;&#xFF0C;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x90FD;&#x6703;&#x5EFA;&#x7ACB;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x65B0;&#x7684;handleConn&#x7684;goroutine&#xFF0C;&#x5C31;&#x50CF;&#x6211;&#x5011;&#x5728;&#x672C;&#x7AE0;&#x958B;&#x982D;&#x7684;&#x4F75;&#x767C;&#x7684;echo&#x670D;&#x52D9;&#x5668;&#x91CC;&#x6240;&#x505A;&#x7684;&#x90A3;&#x6A23;&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go">gopl.io/ch8/chat
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> main() {
listener, err := net.Listen(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;tcp&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;localhost:8000&quot;</span>)
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err != <span class="hljs-constant">nil</span> {
log.Fatal(err)
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">go</span> broadcaster()
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> {
conn, err := listener.Accept()
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err != <span class="hljs-constant">nil</span> {
log.Print(err)
<span class="hljs-keyword">continue</span>
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">go</span> handleConn(conn)
}
}
</code></pre>
2015-12-28 08:08:26 +00:00
<p>&#x7136;&#x5F8C;&#x662F;broadcaster&#x7684;goroutine&#x3002;&#x4ED6;&#x7684;&#x5167;&#x90E8;&#x8B8A;&#x91CF;clients&#x6703;&#x8A18;&#x9332;&#x7576;&#x524D;&#x5EFA;&#x7ACB;&#x9023;&#x63A5;&#x7684;&#x5BA2;&#x6236;&#x7AEF;&#x96C6;&#x5408;&#x3002;&#x5176;&#x8A18;&#x9332;&#x7684;&#x5167;&#x5BB9;&#x662F;&#x6BCF;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x5BA2;&#x6236;&#x7AEF;&#x7684;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#x767C;&#x51FA;channel&#x7684;&quot;&#x8CC7;&#x683C;&quot;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x3002;</p>
2015-12-24 06:47:06 +00:00
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> client <span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span>&lt;- <span class="hljs-typename">string</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// an outgoing message channel</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> (
entering = <span class="hljs-built_in">make</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> client)
leaving = <span class="hljs-built_in">make</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> client)
messages = <span class="hljs-built_in">make</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> <span class="hljs-typename">string</span>) <span class="hljs-comment">// all incoming client messages</span>
)
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> broadcaster() {
clients := <span class="hljs-built_in">make</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">map</span>[client]<span class="hljs-typename">bool</span>) <span class="hljs-comment">// all connected clients</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> {
<span class="hljs-keyword">select</span> {
<span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> msg := &lt;-messages:
<span class="hljs-comment">// Broadcast incoming message to all</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// clients&apos; outgoing message channels.</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> cli := <span class="hljs-keyword">range</span> clients {
cli &lt;- msg
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> cli := &lt;-entering:
clients[cli] = <span class="hljs-constant">true</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> cli := &lt;-leaving:
<span class="hljs-built_in">delete</span>(clients, cli)
<span class="hljs-built_in">close</span>(cli)
}
}
}
</code></pre>
2015-12-28 08:08:26 +00:00
<p>broadcaster&#x76E3;&#x807D;&#x4F86;&#x81EA;&#x5168;&#x5C40;&#x7684;entering&#x548C;leaving&#x7684;channel&#x4F86;&#x7372;&#x77E5;&#x5BA2;&#x6236;&#x7AEF;&#x7684;&#x5230;&#x4F86;&#x548C;&#x96E2;&#x958B;&#x4E8B;&#x4EF6;&#x3002;&#x7576;&#x5176;&#x63A5;&#x6536;&#x5230;&#x5176;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x4E8B;&#x4EF6;&#x6642;&#xFF0C;&#x6703;&#x66F4;&#x65B0;clients&#x96C6;&#x5408;&#xFF0C;&#x7576;&#x8A72;&#x4E8B;&#x4EF6;&#x662F;&#x96E2;&#x958B;&#x884C;&#x7232;&#x6642;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x6703;&#x95DC;&#x9589;&#x5BA2;&#x6236;&#x7AEF;&#x7684;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#x767C;&#x51FA;channel&#x3002;broadcaster&#x4E5F;&#x6703;&#x76E3;&#x807D;&#x5168;&#x5C40;&#x7684;&#x6D88;&#x606F;channel&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x7684;&#x5BA2;&#x6236;&#x7AEF;&#x90FD;&#x6703;&#x5411;&#x9019;&#x500B;channel&#x4E2D;&#x767C;&#x9001;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#x3002;&#x7576;broadcaster&#x63A5;&#x6536;&#x5230;&#x4EC0;&#x9EBD;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#x6642;&#xFF0C;&#x5C31;&#x6703;&#x5C07;&#x5176;&#x5EE3;&#x64AD;&#x81F3;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x9023;&#x63A5;&#x5230;&#x670D;&#x52D9;&#x7AEF;&#x7684;&#x5BA2;&#x6236;&#x7AEF;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x73FE;&#x5728;&#x8B93;&#x6211;&#x5011;&#x770B;&#x770B;&#x6BCF;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x5BA2;&#x6236;&#x7AEF;&#x7684;goroutine&#x3002;handleConn&#x51FD;&#x6578;&#x6703;&#x7232;&#x5B83;&#x7684;&#x5BA2;&#x6236;&#x7AEF;&#x5275;&#x5EFA;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#x767C;&#x51FA;channel&#x4F75;&#x901A;&#x904E;entering channel&#x4F86;&#x901A;&#x77E5;&#x5BA2;&#x6236;&#x7AEF;&#x7684;&#x5230;&#x4F86;&#x3002;&#x7136;&#x5F8C;&#x5B83;&#x6703;&#x8B80;&#x53D6;&#x5BA2;&#x6236;&#x7AEF;&#x767C;&#x4F86;&#x7684;&#x6BCF;&#x4E00;&#x884C;&#x6587;&#x672C;&#xFF0C;&#x4F75;&#x901A;&#x904E;&#x5168;&#x5C40;&#x7684;&#x6D88;&#x606F;channel&#x4F86;&#x5C07;&#x9019;&#x4E9B;&#x6587;&#x672C;&#x767C;&#x9001;&#x51FA;&#x53BB;&#xFF0C;&#x4F75;&#x7232;&#x6BCF;&#x689D;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#x5E36;&#x4E0A;&#x767C;&#x9001;&#x8005;&#x7684;&#x524D;&#x7DB4;&#x4F86;&#x6A19;&#x660E;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#x8EAB;&#x4EFD;&#x3002;&#x7576;&#x5BA2;&#x6236;&#x7AEF;&#x767C;&#x9001;&#x5B8C;&#x7562;&#x5F8C;&#xFF0C;handleConn&#x6703;&#x901A;&#x904E;leaving&#x9019;&#x500B;channel&#x4F86;&#x901A;&#x77E5;&#x5BA2;&#x6236;&#x7AEF;&#x7684;&#x96E2;&#x958B;&#x4F75;&#x95DC;&#x9589;&#x9023;&#x63A5;&#x3002;</p>
2015-12-24 06:47:06 +00:00
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> handleConn(conn net.Conn) {
ch := <span class="hljs-built_in">make</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> <span class="hljs-typename">string</span>) <span class="hljs-comment">// outgoing client messages</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">go</span> clientWriter(conn, ch)
who := conn.RemoteAddr().String()
ch &lt;- <span class="hljs-string">&quot;You are &quot;</span> + who
messages &lt;- who + <span class="hljs-string">&quot; has arrived&quot;</span>
entering &lt;- ch
input := bufio.NewScanner(conn)
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> input.Scan() {
messages &lt;- who + <span class="hljs-string">&quot;: &quot;</span> + input.Text()
}
<span class="hljs-comment">// <span class="hljs-doctag">NOTE:</span> ignoring potential errors from input.Err()</span>
leaving &lt;- ch
messages &lt;- who + <span class="hljs-string">&quot; has left&quot;</span>
conn.Close()
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> clientWriter(conn net.Conn, ch &lt;-<span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> <span class="hljs-typename">string</span>) {
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> msg := <span class="hljs-keyword">range</span> ch {
fmt.Fprintln(conn, msg) <span class="hljs-comment">// <span class="hljs-doctag">NOTE:</span> ignoring network errors</span>
}
}
</code></pre>
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<p>&#x53E6;&#x5916;&#xFF0C;handleConn&#x7232;&#x6BCF;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x5BA2;&#x6236;&#x7AEF;&#x5275;&#x5EFA;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x500B;clientWriter&#x7684;goroutine&#x4F86;&#x63A5;&#x6536;&#x5411;&#x5BA2;&#x6236;&#x7AEF;&#x767C;&#x51FA;&#x6D88;&#x606F;channel&#x4E2D;&#x767C;&#x9001;&#x7684;&#x5EE3;&#x64AD;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#xFF0C;&#x4F75;&#x5C07;&#x5B83;&#x5011;&#x5BEB;&#x5165;&#x5230;&#x5BA2;&#x6236;&#x7AEF;&#x7684;&#x7DB2;&#x7D61;&#x9023;&#x63A5;&#x3002;&#x5BA2;&#x6236;&#x7AEF;&#x7684;&#x8B80;&#x53D6;&#x65B9;&#x5FAA;&#x74B0;&#x6703;&#x5728;broadcaster&#x63A5;&#x6536;&#x5230;leaving&#x901A;&#x77E5;&#x4F75;&#x95DC;&#x9589;&#x4E86;channel&#x5F8C;&#x7D42;&#x6B62;&#x3002;</p>
2015-12-24 06:47:06 +00:00
<p>&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x6F14;&#x793A;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#x7576;&#x670D;&#x52D9;&#x5668;&#x6709;&#x5169;&#x500B;&#x6D3B;&#x52D5;&#x7684;&#x5BA2;&#x6236;&#x7AEF;&#x9023;&#x63A5;&#xFF0C;&#x4F75;&#x4E14;&#x5728;&#x5169;&#x500B;&#x7A97;&#x53E3;&#x4E2D;&#x904B;&#x884C;&#x7684;&#x60C5;&#x6CC1;&#xFF0C;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;netcat&#x4F86;&#x804A;&#x5929;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code>$ go build gopl.io/ch8/chat
$ go build gopl.io/ch8/netcat3
$ ./chat &amp;
$ ./netcat3
You are 127.0.0.1:64208 $ ./netcat3
127.0.0.1:64211 has arrived You are 127.0.0.1:64211
Hi!
127.0.0.1:64208: Hi!
127.0.0.1:64208: Hi!
Hi yourself.
127.0.0.1:64211: Hi yourself. 127.0.0.1:64211: Hi yourself.
^C
127.0.0.1:64208 has left
$ ./netcat3
You are 127.0.0.1:64216 127.0.0.1:64216 has arrived
Welcome.
127.0.0.1:64211: Welcome. 127.0.0.1:64211: Welcome.
^C
127.0.0.1:64211 has left&#x201D;
</code></pre><p>&#x7576;&#x8207;n&#x500B;&#x5BA2;&#x6236;&#x7AEF;&#x4FDD;&#x6301;&#x804A;&#x5929;session&#x6642;&#xFF0C;&#x9019;&#x500B;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x6703;&#x6709;2n+2&#x500B;&#x4F75;&#x767C;&#x7684;goroutine&#xFF0C;&#x7136;&#x800C;&#x9019;&#x500B;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x537B;&#x4F75;&#x4E0D;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x986F;&#x5F0F;&#x7684;&#x9396;(&#xA7;9.2)&#x3002;clients&#x9019;&#x500B;map&#x88AB;&#x9650;&#x88FD;&#x5728;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x7368;&#x7ACB;&#x7684;goroutine&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;broadcaster&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#x5B83;&#x4E0D;&#x80FD;&#x88AB;&#x4F75;&#x767C;&#x5730;&#x8A2A;&#x554F;&#x3002;&#x591A;&#x500B;goroutine&#x5171;&#x4EAB;&#x7684;&#x8B8A;&#x91CF;&#x96BB;&#x6709;&#x9019;&#x4E9B;channel&#x548C;net.Conn&#x7684;&#x5BE6;&#x4F8B;&#xFF0C;&#x5169;&#x500B;&#x6771;&#x897F;&#x90FD;&#x662F;&#x4F75;&#x767C;&#x5B89;&#x5168;&#x7684;&#x3002;&#x6211;&#x5011;&#x6703;&#x5728;&#x4E0B;&#x4E00;&#x7AE0;&#x4E2D;&#x66F4;&#x591A;&#x5730;&#x89E3;&#x6C7A;&#x7D04;&#x675F;&#xFF0C;&#x4F75;&#x767C;&#x5B89;&#x5168;&#x4EE5;&#x53CA;goroutine&#x4E2D;&#x5171;&#x4EAB;&#x8B8A;&#x91CF;&#x7684;&#x542B;&#x7FA9;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x7DF4;&#x7FD2;8.12: &#x4F7F;broadcaster&#x80FD;&#x5920;&#x5C07;arrival&#x4E8B;&#x4EF6;&#x901A;&#x77E5;&#x7576;&#x524D;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x7684;&#x5BA2;&#x6236;&#x7AEF;&#x3002;&#x7232;&#x4E86;&#x9054;&#x6210;&#x9019;&#x500B;&#x76EE;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x4F60;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x5BA2;&#x6236;&#x7AEF;&#x7684;&#x96C6;&#x5408;&#xFF0C;&#x4F75;&#x4E14;&#x5728;entering&#x548C;leaving&#x7684;channel&#x4E2D;&#x8A18;&#x9332;&#x5BA2;&#x6236;&#x7AEF;&#x7684;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#x3002;
&#x7DF4;&#x7FD2;8.13: &#x4F7F;&#x804A;&#x5929;&#x670D;&#x52D9;&#x5668;&#x80FD;&#x5920;&#x65B7;&#x958B;&#x7A7A;&#x9592;&#x7684;&#x5BA2;&#x6236;&#x7AEF;&#x9023;&#x63A5;&#xFF0C;&#x6BD4;&#x5982;&#x6700;&#x8FD1;&#x4E94;&#x5206;&#x9418;&#x4E4B;&#x5F8C;&#x6C92;&#x6709;&#x767C;&#x9001;&#x4EFB;&#x4F55;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#x7684;&#x90A3;&#x4E9B;&#x5BA2;&#x6236;&#x7AEF;&#x3002;&#x63D0;&#x793A;&#xFF1A;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5728;&#x5176;&#x5B83;goroutine&#x4E2D;&#x8ABF;&#x7528;conn.Close()&#x4F86;&#x89E3;&#x9664;Read&#x8ABF;&#x7528;&#xFF0C;&#x5C31;&#x50CF;input.Scanner()&#x6240;&#x505A;&#x7684;&#x90A3;&#x6A23;&#x3002;
&#x7DF4;&#x7FD2;8.14: &#x8129;&#x6539;&#x804A;&#x5929;&#x670D;&#x52D9;&#x5668;&#x7684;&#x7DB2;&#x7D61;&#x5354;&#x8B70;&#x9019;&#x6A23;&#x6BCF;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x5BA2;&#x6236;&#x7AEF;&#x5C31;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5728;entering&#x6642;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x5B83;&#x5011;&#x7684;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#x3002;&#x5C07;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#x524D;&#x7DB4;&#x7531;&#x4E4B;&#x524D;&#x7684;&#x7DB2;&#x7D61;&#x5730;&#x5740;&#x6539;&#x7232;&#x9019;&#x500B;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#x3002;
2015-12-28 08:08:26 +00:00
&#x7DF4;&#x7FD2;8.15: &#x5982;&#x679C;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x5BA2;&#x6236;&#x7AEF;&#x6C92;&#x6709;&#x53CA;&#x6642;&#x5730;&#x8B80;&#x53D6;&#x6578;&#x64DA;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x6703;&#x5C0E;&#x81F4;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x7684;&#x5BA2;&#x6236;&#x7AEF;&#x88AB;&#x963B;&#x585E;&#x3002;&#x8129;&#x6539;broadcaster&#x4F86;&#x8DF3;&#x904E;&#x4E00;&#x689D;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;&#x7B49;&#x5F85;&#x9019;&#x500B;&#x5BA2;&#x6236;&#x7AEF;&#x4E00;&#x76F4;&#x5230;&#x5176;&#x6E96;&#x5099;&#x597D;&#x5BEB;&#x3002;&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x7232;&#x6BCF;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x5BA2;&#x6236;&#x7AEF;&#x7684;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#x767C;&#x51FA;channel&#x5EFA;&#x7ACB;&#x7DE9;&#x885D;&#x5340;&#xFF0C;&#x9019;&#x6A23;&#x5927;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x7684;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#x4FBF;&#x4E0D;&#x6703;&#x88AB;&#x4E1F;&#x6389;&#xFF1B;broadcaster&#x61C9;&#x8A72;&#x7528;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x975E;&#x963B;&#x585E;&#x7684;send&#x5411;&#x9019;&#x500B;channel&#x4E2D;&#x767C;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#x3002;</p>
2015-12-09 07:57:17 +00:00
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2015-12-28 08:08:26 +00:00
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2015-12-28 08:08:26 +00:00
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