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< ol class = "chapter" > < li class = "chapter-item expanded affix " > < a href = "../index.html" > Go语言圣经< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded affix " > < a href = "../preface.html" > 前言< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch1/ch1.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.< / strong > 入门< / a > < / li > < li > < ol class = "section" > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch1/ch1-01.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.1.< / strong > Hello, World< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch1/ch1-02.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.2.< / strong > 命令行参数< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch1/ch1-03.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.3.< / strong > 查找重复的行< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch1/ch1-04.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.4.< / strong > GIF动画< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch1/ch1-05.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.5.< / strong > 获取URL< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch1/ch1-06.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.6.< / strong > 并发获取多个URL< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch1/ch1-07.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.7.< / strong > Web服务< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch1/ch1-08.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.8.< / strong > 本章要点< / a > < / li > < / ol > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch2/ch2.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.< / strong > 程序结构< / a > < / li > < li > < ol class = "section" > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch2/ch2-01.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.1.< / strong > 命名< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch2/ch2-02.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.2.< / strong > 声明< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch2/ch2-03.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.3.< / strong > 变量< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch2/ch2-04.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.4.< / strong > 赋值< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch2/ch2-05.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.5.< / strong > 类型< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch2/ch2-06.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.6.< / strong > 包和文件< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch2/ch2-07.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.7.< / strong > 作用域< / a > < / li > < / ol > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch3/ch3.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.< / strong > 基础数据类型< / a > < / li > < li > < ol class = "section" > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch3/ch3-01.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.1.< / strong > 整型< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch3/ch3-02.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.2.< / strong > 浮点数< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch3/ch3-03.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.3.< / strong > 复数< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch3/ch3-04.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.4.< / strong > 布尔型< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch3/ch3-05.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.5.< / strong > 字符串< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch3/ch3-06.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.6.< / strong > 常量< / a > < / li > < / ol > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch4/ch4.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 4.< / strong > 复合数据类型< / a > < / li > < li > < ol class = "section" > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch4/ch4-01.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 4.1.< / strong > 数组< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch4/ch4-02.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 4.2.< / strong > Slice< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch4/ch4-03.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 4.3.< / strong > Map< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch4/ch4-04.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 4.4.< / strong > 结构体< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch4/ch4-05.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 4.5.< / strong > JSON< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch4/ch4-06.html" > < strong aria-hidd
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2022-08-24 10:48:15 +00:00
< li > < em > KusonStack一站式可编程配置技术栈(Go): < a href = "https://github.com/KusionStack/kusion" > https://github.com/KusionStack/kusion< / a > < / em > < / li >
< li > < em > KCL 配置编程语言(Rust): < a href = "https://github.com/KusionStack/KCLVM" > https://github.com/KusionStack/KCLVM< / a > < / em > < / li >
< li > < em > 凹语言™: < a href = "https://github.com/wa-lang/wa" > https://github.com/wa-lang/wa< / a > < / em > < / li >
2022-08-04 06:59:33 +00:00
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< h2 id = "51-函数声明" > < a class = "header" href = "#51-函数声明" > 5.1. 函数声明< / a > < / h2 >
< p > 函数声明包括函数名、形式参数列表、返回值列表（可省略）以及函数体。< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-Go" > func name(parameter-list) (result-list) {
body
}
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 形式参数列表描述了函数的参数名以及参数类型。这些参数作为局部变量， ， ， ， ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-Go" > func hypot(x, y float64) float64 {
return math.Sqrt(x*x + y*y)
}
fmt.Println(hypot(3,4)) // " 5"
< / code > < / pre >
< p > x和y是形参名， ，
返回值也可以像形式参数一样被命名。在这种情况下，每个返回值被声明成一个局部变量，并根据该返回值的类型，将其初始化为该类型的零值。
如果一个函数在声明时，包含返回值列表，该函数必须以 return语句结尾， < / p >
< p > 正如hypot一样， ， ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-Go" > func f(i, j, k int, s, t string) { /* ... */ }
func f(i int, j int, k int, s string, t string) { /* ... */ }
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 下面， ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-Go" > func add(x int, y int) int {return x + y}
func sub(x, y int) (z int) { z = x - y; return}
func first(x int, _ int) int { return x }
func zero(int, int) int { return 0 }
fmt.Printf(" %T\n" , add) // " func(int, int) int"
fmt.Printf(" %T\n" , sub) // " func(int, int) int"
fmt.Printf(" %T\n" , first) // " func(int, int) int"
fmt.Printf(" %T\n" , zero) // " func(int, int) int"
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 函数的类型被称为函数的签名。如果两个函数形式参数列表和返回值列表中的变量类型一一对应，那么这两个函数被认为有相同的类型或签名。形参和返回值的变量名不影响函数签名，也不影响它们是否可以以省略参数类型的形式表示。< / p >
< p > 每一次函数调用都必须按照声明顺序为所有参数提供实参（ ） ， ， ， < / p >
< p > 在函数体中，函数的形参作为局部变量，被初始化为调用者提供的值。函数的形参和有名返回值作为函数最外层的局部变量，被存储在相同的词法块中。< / p >
< p > 实参通过值的方式传递， ， ， ， ， < / p >
< p > 你可能会偶尔遇到没有函数体的函数声明， < / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-Go" > package math
func Sin(x float64) float //implemented in assembly language
< / code > < / pre >
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