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2023-06-26 17:30:52 +00:00
< ol class = "chapter" > < li class = "chapter-item expanded affix " > < a href = "../index.html" > Go语言圣经< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded affix " > < a href = "../preface-zh.html" > 译者序< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded affix " > < a href = "../preface.html" > 前言< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch1/ch1.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.< / strong > 入门< / a > < / li > < li > < ol class = "section" > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch1/ch1-01.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.1.< / strong > Hello, World< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch1/ch1-02.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.2.< / strong > 命令行参数< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch1/ch1-03.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.3.< / strong > 查找重复的行< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch1/ch1-04.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.4.< / strong > GIF动画< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch1/ch1-05.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.5.< / strong > 获取URL< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch1/ch1-06.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.6.< / strong > 并发获取多个URL< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch1/ch1-07.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.7.< / strong > Web服务< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch1/ch1-08.html" class = "active" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.8.< / strong > 本章要点< / a > < / li > < / ol > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch2/ch2.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.< / strong > 程序结构< / a > < / li > < li > < ol class = "section" > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch2/ch2-01.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.1.< / strong > 命名< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch2/ch2-02.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.2.< / strong > 声明< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch2/ch2-03.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.3.< / strong > 变量< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch2/ch2-04.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.4.< / strong > 赋值< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch2/ch2-05.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.5.< / strong > 类型< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch2/ch2-06.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.6.< / strong > 包和文件< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch2/ch2-07.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.7.< / strong > 作用域< / a > < / li > < / ol > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch3/ch3.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.< / strong > 基础数据类型< / a > < / li > < li > < ol class = "section" > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch3/ch3-01.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.1.< / strong > 整型< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch3/ch3-02.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.2.< / strong > 浮点数< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch3/ch3-03.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.3.< / strong > 复数< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch3/ch3-04.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.4.< / strong > 布尔型< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch3/ch3-05.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.5.< / strong > 字符串< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch3/ch3-06.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.6.< / strong > 常量< / a > < / li > < / ol > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch4/ch4.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 4.< / strong > 复合数据类型< / a > < / li > < li > < ol class = "section" > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch4/ch4-01.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 4.1.< / strong > 数组< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch4/ch4-02.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 4.2.< / strong > Slice< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch4/ch4-03.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 4.3.< / strong > Map< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch4/ch4-04.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 4.4.< / strong > 结构体< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch4/ch4-05.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 4.5.<
2022-08-04 06:59:33 +00:00
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2023-06-26 17:46:27 +00:00
< li > < em > 凹语言(专为 WebAssembly 设计): < a href = "https://github.com/wa-lang/wa" > https://github.com/wa-lang/wa< / a > < / em > < / li >
< li > < em > KCL 配置语言(Rust): < a href = "https://github.com/kcl-lang/kcl" > https://github.com/kcl-lang/kcl< / a > < / em > < / li >
< / ul >
2022-08-04 06:59:33 +00:00
< hr >
< h2 id = "18-本章要点" > < a class = "header" href = "#18-本章要点" > 1.8. 本章要点< / a > < / h2 >
< p > 本章对Go语言做了一些介绍， ， ， < / p >
< p > < strong > 控制流：< / strong > 在本章我们只介绍了if控制和for， ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-go" > switch coinflip() {
case " heads" :
heads++
case " tails" :
tails++
default:
fmt.Println(" landed on edge!" )
}
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 在翻转硬币的时候， ， ， ， ， ， ， < / p >
< p > Go语言里的switch还可以不带操作对象（ ： ， ） ； ， ， ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-go" > func Signum(x int) int {
switch {
case x > 0:
return +1
default:
return 0
case x < 0:
return -1
}
}
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 这种形式叫做无tag switch(tagless switch)； < / p >
< p > 像for和if控制语句一样， ， ， （ ： ） < / p >
< p > break和continue语句会改变控制流。和其它语言中的break和continue一样， ， ， ， ， （ ） ， ， ， ， ， ， < / p >
< p > < strong > 命名类型：< / strong > 类型声明使得我们可以很方便地给一个特殊类型一个名字。因为struct类型声明通常非常地长， ， ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-go" > type Point struct {
X, Y int
}
var p Point
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 类型声明和命名类型会在第二章中介绍。< / p >
< p > < strong > 指针：< / strong > Go语言提供了指针。指针是一种直接存储了变量的内存地址的数据类型。在其它语言中， ， ， ， ， ， & 操作符可以返回一个变量的内存地址，并且*操作符可以获取指针指向的变量内容， ， < / p >
< p > < strong > 方法和接口：< / strong > 方法是和命名类型关联的一类函数。Go语言里比较特殊的是方法可以被关联到任意一种命名类型。在第六章我们会详细地讲方法。接口是一种抽象类型， ， ， < / p >
< p > < strong > 包（ ） ： < / strong > Go语言提供了一些很好用的package， ， ， ， < / p >
< p > 在你开始写一个新程序之前，最好先去检查一下是不是已经有了现成的库可以帮助你更高效地完成这件事情。你可以在 https://golang.org/pkg 和 https://godoc.org 中找到标准库和社区写的package。godoc这个工具可以让你直接在本地命令行阅读标准库的文档。比如下面这个例子。< / p >
< pre > < code > $ go doc http.ListenAndServe
package http // import " net/http"
func ListenAndServe(addr string, handler Handler) error
ListenAndServe listens on the TCP network address addr and then
calls Serve with handler to handle requests on incoming connections.
...
< / code > < / pre >
< p > < strong > 注释：< / strong > 我们之前已经提到过了在源文件的开头写的注释是这个源文件的文档。在每一个函数之前写一个说明函数行为的注释也是一个好习惯。这些惯例很重要， ， < / p >
< p > 多行注释可以用 < code > /* ... */< / code > 来包裹，和其它大多数语言一样。在文件一开头的注释一般都是这种形式，或者一大段的解释性的注释文字也会被这符号包住，来避免每一行都需要加//。在注释中//和/*是没什么意义的，所以不要在注释中再嵌入注释。< / p >
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