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2023-06-26 17:30:52 +00:00
< ol class = "chapter" > < li class = "chapter-item expanded affix " > < a href = "../index.html" > Go语言圣经< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded affix " > < a href = "../preface-zh.html" > 译者序< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded affix " > < a href = "../preface.html" > 前言< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch1/ch1.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.< / strong > 入门< / a > < / li > < li > < ol class = "section" > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch1/ch1-01.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.1.< / strong > Hello, World< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch1/ch1-02.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.2.< / strong > 命令行参数< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch1/ch1-03.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.3.< / strong > 查找重复的行< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch1/ch1-04.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.4.< / strong > GIF动画< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch1/ch1-05.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.5.< / strong > 获取URL< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch1/ch1-06.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.6.< / strong > 并发获取多个URL< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch1/ch1-07.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.7.< / strong > Web服务< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch1/ch1-08.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.8.< / strong > 本章要点< / a > < / li > < / ol > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch2/ch2.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.< / strong > 程序结构< / a > < / li > < li > < ol class = "section" > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch2/ch2-01.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.1.< / strong > 命名< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch2/ch2-02.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.2.< / strong > 声明< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch2/ch2-03.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.3.< / strong > 变量< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch2/ch2-04.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.4.< / strong > 赋值< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch2/ch2-05.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.5.< / strong > 类型< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch2/ch2-06.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.6.< / strong > 包和文件< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch2/ch2-07.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.7.< / strong > 作用域< / a > < / li > < / ol > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch3/ch3.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.< / strong > 基础数据类型< / a > < / li > < li > < ol class = "section" > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch3/ch3-01.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.1.< / strong > 整型< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch3/ch3-02.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.2.< / strong > 浮点数< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch3/ch3-03.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.3.< / strong > 复数< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch3/ch3-04.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.4.< / strong > 布尔型< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch3/ch3-05.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.5.< / strong > 字符串< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch3/ch3-06.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.6.< / strong > 常量< / a > < / li > < / ol > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch4/ch4.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 4.< / strong > 复合数据类型< / a > < / li > < li > < ol class = "section" > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch4/ch4-01.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 4.1.< / strong > 数组< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch4/ch4-02.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 4.2.< / strong > Slice< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch4/ch4-03.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 4.3.< / strong > Map< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch4/ch4-04.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 4.4.< / strong > 结构体< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../ch4/ch4-05.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 4.5.< / strong > JSON< /
2022-08-04 06:59:33 +00:00
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2023-06-26 17:46:27 +00:00
< li > < em > 凹语言(专为 WebAssembly 设计): < a href = "https://github.com/wa-lang/wa" > https://github.com/wa-lang/wa< / a > < / em > < / li >
< li > < em > KCL 配置语言(Rust): < a href = "https://github.com/kcl-lang/kcl" > https://github.com/kcl-lang/kcl< / a > < / em > < / li >
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2022-08-04 06:59:33 +00:00
< hr >
< h2 id = "64-方法值和方法表达式" > < a class = "header" href = "#64-方法值和方法表达式" > 6.4. 方法值和方法表达式< / a > < / h2 >
< p > 我们经常选择一个方法， ， ， ， > 一个将方法（ ） ； （ ： ） ， ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-go" > p := Point{1, 2}
q := Point{4, 6}
distanceFromP := p.Distance // method value
fmt.Println(distanceFromP(q)) // " 5"
var origin Point // {0, 0}
fmt.Println(distanceFromP(origin)) // " 2.23606797749979" , sqrt(5)
scaleP := p.ScaleBy // method value
scaleP(2) // p becomes (2, 4)
scaleP(3) // then (6, 12)
scaleP(10) // then (60, 120)
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 在一个包的API需要一个函数值、且调用方希望操作的是某一个绑定了对象的方法的话， （ ） ， （ ： ） < / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-go" > type Rocket struct { /* ... */ }
func (r *Rocket) Launch() { /* ... */ }
r := new(Rocket)
time.AfterFunc(10 * time.Second, func() { r.Launch() })
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 直接用方法“值”传入AfterFunc的话可以更为简短： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-go" > time.AfterFunc(10 * time.Second, r.Launch)
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 译注：省掉了上面那个例子里的匿名函数。< / p >
< p > 和方法“值”相关的还有方法表达式。当调用一个方法时， ， （ ） < / p >
< p > 当T是一个类型时， < code > T.f< / code > 或者< code > (*T).f< / code > ，会返回一个函数“值”，这种函数会将其第一个参数用作接收器，所以可以用通常（译注：不写选择器）的方式来对其进行调用：< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-go" > p := Point{1, 2}
q := Point{4, 6}
distance := Point.Distance // method expression
fmt.Println(distance(p, q)) // " 5"
fmt.Printf(" %T\n" , distance) // " func(Point, Point) float64"
scale := (*Point).ScaleBy
scale(& p, 2)
fmt.Println(p) // " {2 4}"
fmt.Printf(" %T\n" , scale) // " func(*Point, float64)"
// 译注： ，
// 但通过Point.Distance得到的函数需要比实际的Distance方法多一个参数，
// 即其需要用第一个额外参数指定接收器，
// 看起来本书中函数和方法的区别是指有没有接收器，而不像其他语言那样是指有没有返回值。
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 当你根据一个变量来决定调用同一个类型的哪个函数时， ， ， ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-go" > type Point struct{ X, Y float64 }
func (p Point) Add(q Point) Point { return Point{p.X + q.X, p.Y + q.Y} }
func (p Point) Sub(q Point) Point { return Point{p.X - q.X, p.Y - q.Y} }
type Path []Point
func (path Path) TranslateBy(offset Point, add bool) {
var op func(p, q Point) Point
if add {
op = Point.Add
} else {
op = Point.Sub
}
for i := range path {
// Call either path[i].Add(offset) or path[i].Sub(offset).
path[i] = op(path[i], offset)
}
}
< / code > < / pre >
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