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<div class="book" data-level="11.3" data-chapter-title="測試覆蓋率" data-filepath="ch11/ch11-03.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Mon Dec 21 2015 12:51:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
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<div class="book-summary">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="0" data-path="index.html">
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前言
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<li class="chapter " data-level="0.1" data-path="ch0/ch0-01.html">
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<b>0.1.</b>
Go語言起源
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<li class="chapter " data-level="0.2" data-path="ch0/ch0-02.html">
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<b>0.2.</b>
Go語言項目
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<b>0.3.</b>
本書的組織
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<b>0.4.</b>
更多的信息
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<b>0.5.</b>
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致謝
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</a>
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</ul>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1" data-path="ch1/ch1.html">
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<b>1.</b>
入門
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.1" data-path="ch1/ch1-01.html">
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<b>1.1.</b>
Hello, World
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2" data-path="ch1/ch1-02.html">
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<b>1.2.</b>
命令行參數
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<b>1.3.</b>
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査找重複的行
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</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4" data-path="ch1/ch1-04.html">
<a href="../ch1/ch1-04.html">
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<b>1.4.</b>
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GIF動畵
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</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5" data-path="ch1/ch1-05.html">
<a href="../ch1/ch1-05.html">
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<b>1.5.</b>
穫取URL
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6" data-path="ch1/ch1-06.html">
<a href="../ch1/ch1-06.html">
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<b>1.6.</b>
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併發穫取多個URL
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</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7" data-path="ch1/ch1-07.html">
<a href="../ch1/ch1-07.html">
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<b>1.7.</b>
Web服務
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<a href="../ch1/ch1-08.html">
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<b>1.8.</b>
本章要點
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<b>2.</b>
程序結構
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<b>2.1.</b>
命名
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.2" data-path="ch2/ch2-02.html">
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<b>2.2.</b>
聲明
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.3" data-path="ch2/ch2-03.html">
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<b>2.3.</b>
變量
</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.4" data-path="ch2/ch2-04.html">
<a href="../ch2/ch2-04.html">
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<b>2.4.</b>
賦值
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<b>2.5.</b>
類型
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<b>2.6.</b>
包和文件
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<b>2.7.</b>
作用域
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<b>3.</b>
基礎數據類型
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<b>3.1.</b>
整型
</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.2" data-path="ch3/ch3-02.html">
<a href="../ch3/ch3-02.html">
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<b>3.2.</b>
浮點數
</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.3" data-path="ch3/ch3-03.html">
<a href="../ch3/ch3-03.html">
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<b>3.3.</b>
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複數
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.4" data-path="ch3/ch3-04.html">
<a href="../ch3/ch3-04.html">
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<b>3.4.</b>
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布爾型
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</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.5" data-path="ch3/ch3-05.html">
<a href="../ch3/ch3-05.html">
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<b>3.5.</b>
字符串
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.6" data-path="ch3/ch3-06.html">
<a href="../ch3/ch3-06.html">
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<b>3.6.</b>
常量
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4" data-path="ch4/ch4.html">
<a href="../ch4/ch4.html">
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<b>4.</b>
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複合數據類型
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</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1" data-path="ch4/ch4-01.html">
<a href="../ch4/ch4-01.html">
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<b>4.1.</b>
數組
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2" data-path="ch4/ch4-02.html">
<a href="../ch4/ch4-02.html">
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<b>4.2.</b>
切片
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.3" data-path="ch4/ch4-03.html">
<a href="../ch4/ch4-03.html">
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<b>4.3.</b>
字典
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4" data-path="ch4/ch4-04.html">
<a href="../ch4/ch4-04.html">
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<b>4.4.</b>
結構體
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5" data-path="ch4/ch4-05.html">
<a href="../ch4/ch4-05.html">
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<b>4.5.</b>
JSON
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6" data-path="ch4/ch4-06.html">
<a href="../ch4/ch4-06.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>4.6.</b>
文本和HTML模闆
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5" data-path="ch5/ch5.html">
<a href="../ch5/ch5.html">
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<b>5.</b>
函數
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.1" data-path="ch5/ch5-01.html">
<a href="../ch5/ch5-01.html">
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<b>5.1.</b>
函數聲明
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2" data-path="ch5/ch5-02.html">
<a href="../ch5/ch5-02.html">
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<b>5.2.</b>
遞歸
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3" data-path="ch5/ch5-03.html">
<a href="../ch5/ch5-03.html">
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<b>5.3.</b>
多返迴值
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4" data-path="ch5/ch5-04.html">
<a href="../ch5/ch5-04.html">
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<b>5.4.</b>
錯誤
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5" data-path="ch5/ch5-05.html">
<a href="../ch5/ch5-05.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>5.5.</b>
函數值
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.6" data-path="ch5/ch5-06.html">
<a href="../ch5/ch5-06.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>5.6.</b>
匿名函數
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.7" data-path="ch5/ch5-07.html">
<a href="../ch5/ch5-07.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>5.7.</b>
可變參數
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.8" data-path="ch5/ch5-08.html">
<a href="../ch5/ch5-08.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>5.8.</b>
Deferred函數
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.9" data-path="ch5/ch5-09.html">
<a href="../ch5/ch5-09.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>5.9.</b>
Panic異常
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.10" data-path="ch5/ch5-10.html">
<a href="../ch5/ch5-10.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>5.10.</b>
Recover捕穫異常
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6" data-path="ch6/ch6.html">
<a href="../ch6/ch6.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>6.</b>
方法
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.1" data-path="ch6/ch6-01.html">
<a href="../ch6/ch6-01.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>6.1.</b>
方法聲明
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2" data-path="ch6/ch6-02.html">
<a href="../ch6/ch6-02.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>6.2.</b>
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基於指針對象的方法
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</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3" data-path="ch6/ch6-03.html">
<a href="../ch6/ch6-03.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>6.3.</b>
通過嵌入結構體來擴展類型
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4" data-path="ch6/ch6-04.html">
<a href="../ch6/ch6-04.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>6.4.</b>
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方法值和方法表達式
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</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5" data-path="ch6/ch6-05.html">
<a href="../ch6/ch6-05.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>6.5.</b>
示例: Bit數組
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6" data-path="ch6/ch6-06.html">
<a href="../ch6/ch6-06.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>6.6.</b>
封裝
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7" data-path="ch7/ch7.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.</b>
接口
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.1" data-path="ch7/ch7-01.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-01.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.1.</b>
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接口是合約
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</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.2" data-path="ch7/ch7-02.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-02.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.2.</b>
接口類型
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3" data-path="ch7/ch7-03.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-03.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.3.</b>
實現接口的條件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.4" data-path="ch7/ch7-04.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-04.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.4.</b>
flag.Value接口
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.5" data-path="ch7/ch7-05.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-05.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.5.</b>
接口值
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.6" data-path="ch7/ch7-06.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-06.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.6.</b>
sort.Interface接口
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.7" data-path="ch7/ch7-07.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-07.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.7.</b>
http.Handler接口
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.8" data-path="ch7/ch7-08.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-08.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.8.</b>
error接口
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.9" data-path="ch7/ch7-09.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-09.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.9.</b>
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示例: 表達式求值
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</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.10" data-path="ch7/ch7-10.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-10.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.10.</b>
類型斷言
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.11" data-path="ch7/ch7-11.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-11.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.11.</b>
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基於類型斷言識别錯誤類型
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</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.12" data-path="ch7/ch7-12.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-12.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.12.</b>
通過類型斷言査詢接口
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.13" data-path="ch7/ch7-13.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-13.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.13.</b>
類型分支
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.14" data-path="ch7/ch7-14.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-14.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.14.</b>
示例: 基於標記的XML解碼
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.15" data-path="ch7/ch7-15.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-15.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.15.</b>
補充幾點
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8" data-path="ch8/ch8.html">
<a href="../ch8/ch8.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>8.</b>
Goroutines和Channels
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.1" data-path="ch8/ch8-01.html">
<a href="../ch8/ch8-01.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>8.1.</b>
Goroutines
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.2" data-path="ch8/ch8-02.html">
<a href="../ch8/ch8-02.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>8.2.</b>
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示例: 併發的Clock服務
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</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.3" data-path="ch8/ch8-03.html">
<a href="../ch8/ch8-03.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>8.3.</b>
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示例: 併發的Echo服務
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</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.4" data-path="ch8/ch8-04.html">
<a href="../ch8/ch8-04.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>8.4.</b>
Channels
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.5" data-path="ch8/ch8-05.html">
<a href="../ch8/ch8-05.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>8.5.</b>
併行的循環
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.6" data-path="ch8/ch8-06.html">
<a href="../ch8/ch8-06.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>8.6.</b>
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示例: 併發的Web爬蟲
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</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.7" data-path="ch8/ch8-07.html">
<a href="../ch8/ch8-07.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>8.7.</b>
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基於select的多路複用
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</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.8" data-path="ch8/ch8-08.html">
<a href="../ch8/ch8-08.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>8.8.</b>
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示例: 併發的字典遍歷
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</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.9" data-path="ch8/ch8-09.html">
<a href="../ch8/ch8-09.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>8.9.</b>
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併發的退齣
2015-12-09 07:57:17 +00:00
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.10" data-path="ch8/ch8-10.html">
<a href="../ch8/ch8-10.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>8.10.</b>
示例: 聊天服務
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9" data-path="ch9/ch9.html">
<a href="../ch9/ch9.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>9.</b>
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基於共享變量的併發
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</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.1" data-path="ch9/ch9-01.html">
<a href="../ch9/ch9-01.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>9.1.</b>
競爭條件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.2" data-path="ch9/ch9-02.html">
<a href="../ch9/ch9-02.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>9.2.</b>
sync.Mutex互斥鎖
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.3" data-path="ch9/ch9-03.html">
<a href="../ch9/ch9-03.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>9.3.</b>
sync.RWMutex讀寫鎖
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.4" data-path="ch9/ch9-04.html">
<a href="../ch9/ch9-04.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>9.4.</b>
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內存同步
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</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.5" data-path="ch9/ch9-05.html">
<a href="../ch9/ch9-05.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>9.5.</b>
sync.Once初始化
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.6" data-path="ch9/ch9-06.html">
<a href="../ch9/ch9-06.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>9.6.</b>
競爭條件檢測
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.7" data-path="ch9/ch9-07.html">
<a href="../ch9/ch9-07.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>9.7.</b>
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示例: 併發的非阻塞緩存
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</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.8" data-path="ch9/ch9-08.html">
<a href="../ch9/ch9-08.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>9.8.</b>
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Goroutines和線程
2015-12-09 07:57:17 +00:00
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10" data-path="ch10/ch10.html">
<a href="../ch10/ch10.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>10.</b>
包和工具
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.1" data-path="ch10/ch10-01.html">
<a href="../ch10/ch10-01.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>10.1.</b>
簡介
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.2" data-path="ch10/ch10-02.html">
<a href="../ch10/ch10-02.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>10.2.</b>
導入路徑
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.3" data-path="ch10/ch10-03.html">
<a href="../ch10/ch10-03.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>10.3.</b>
包聲明
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.4" data-path="ch10/ch10-04.html">
<a href="../ch10/ch10-04.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>10.4.</b>
導入聲明
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.5" data-path="ch10/ch10-05.html">
<a href="../ch10/ch10-05.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>10.5.</b>
匿名導入
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.6" data-path="ch10/ch10-06.html">
<a href="../ch10/ch10-06.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>10.6.</b>
包和命名
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.7" data-path="ch10/ch10-07.html">
<a href="../ch10/ch10-07.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>10.7.</b>
工具
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11" data-path="ch11/ch11.html">
<a href="../ch11/ch11.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>11.</b>
測試
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.1" data-path="ch11/ch11-01.html">
<a href="../ch11/ch11-01.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>11.1.</b>
go test
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.2" data-path="ch11/ch11-02.html">
<a href="../ch11/ch11-02.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>11.2.</b>
測試函數
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter active" data-level="11.3" data-path="ch11/ch11-03.html">
<a href="../ch11/ch11-03.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>11.3.</b>
測試覆蓋率
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.4" data-path="ch11/ch11-04.html">
<a href="../ch11/ch11-04.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>11.4.</b>
基準測試
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.5" data-path="ch11/ch11-05.html">
<a href="../ch11/ch11-05.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>11.5.</b>
剖析
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.6" data-path="ch11/ch11-06.html">
<a href="../ch11/ch11-06.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>11.6.</b>
示例函數
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="12" data-path="ch12/ch12.html">
<a href="../ch12/ch12.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>12.</b>
反射
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.1" data-path="ch12/ch12-01.html">
<a href="../ch12/ch12-01.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>12.1.</b>
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爲何需要反射?
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</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.2" data-path="ch12/ch12-02.html">
<a href="../ch12/ch12-02.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>12.2.</b>
reflect.Type和reflect.Value
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.3" data-path="ch12/ch12-03.html">
<a href="../ch12/ch12-03.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>12.3.</b>
Display遞歸打印
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.4" data-path="ch12/ch12-04.html">
<a href="../ch12/ch12-04.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>12.4.</b>
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示例: 編碼S表達式
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</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.5" data-path="ch12/ch12-05.html">
<a href="../ch12/ch12-05.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>12.5.</b>
通過reflect.Value脩改值
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.6" data-path="ch12/ch12-06.html">
<a href="../ch12/ch12-06.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>12.6.</b>
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示例: 解碼S表達式
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</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.7" data-path="ch12/ch12-07.html">
<a href="../ch12/ch12-07.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>12.7.</b>
穫取結構體字段標識
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.8" data-path="ch12/ch12-08.html">
<a href="../ch12/ch12-08.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>12.8.</b>
顯示一個類型的方法集
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.9" data-path="ch12/ch12-09.html">
<a href="../ch12/ch12-09.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>12.9.</b>
幾點忠告
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="13" data-path="ch13/ch13.html">
<a href="../ch13/ch13.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>13.</b>
底層編程
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="13.1" data-path="ch13/ch13-01.html">
<a href="../ch13/ch13-01.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>13.1.</b>
unsafe.Sizeof, Alignof 和 Offsetof
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="13.2" data-path="ch13/ch13-02.html">
<a href="../ch13/ch13-02.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>13.2.</b>
unsafe.Pointer
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="13.3" data-path="ch13/ch13-03.html">
<a href="../ch13/ch13-03.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>13.3.</b>
示例: 深度相等判斷
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="13.4" data-path="ch13/ch13-04.html">
<a href="../ch13/ch13-04.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>13.4.</b>
通過cgo調用C代碼
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="13.5" data-path="ch13/ch13-05.html">
<a href="../ch13/ch13-05.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>13.5.</b>
幾點忠告
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="14" data-path="errata.html">
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<a href="../errata.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>14.</b>
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勘誤
</a>
</li>
<li class="divider"></li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.gitbook.com" target="blank" class="gitbook-link">
本書使用 GitBook 釋出
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<h2 id="113-&#x6E2C;&#x8A66;&#x8986;&#x84CB;&#x7387;">11.3. &#x6E2C;&#x8A66;&#x8986;&#x84CB;&#x7387;</h2>
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<p>&#x5C31;&#x5176;&#x6027;&#x8CEA;&#x800C;&#x8A00;, &#x6E2C;&#x8A66;&#x4E0D;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x662F;&#x5B8C;&#x6574;&#x7684;. &#x8A08;&#x7B97;&#x6A5F;&#x79D1;&#x5B78;&#x5BB6; Edsger Dijkstra &#x66FE;&#x8AAC;&#x904E;: &quot;&#x6E2C;&#x8A66;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x986F;&#x793A;&#x5B58;&#x5728;&#x7F3A;&#x9677;, &#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x4F75;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;&#x8AAC;&#x6C92;&#x6709;BUG.&quot; &#x518D;&#x591A;&#x7684;&#x6E2C;&#x8A66;&#x4E5F;&#x4E0D;&#x80FD;&#x8B49;&#x660E;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x5305;&#x6C92;&#x6709;BUG. &#x5728;&#x6700;&#x597D;&#x7684;&#x60C5;&#x6CC1;&#x4E0B;, &#x6E2C;&#x8A66;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x589E;&#x5F37;&#x6211;&#x5011;&#x7684;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;, &#x5305;&#x5728;&#x6211;&#x5011;&#x6E2C;&#x8A66;&#x7684;&#x74B0;&#x5883;&#x662F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x6B63;&#x5E38;&#x5DE5;&#x4F5C;&#x7684;.</p>
<p>&#x7531;&#x6E2C;&#x8A66;&#x9A45;&#x52D5;&#x89F8;&#x767C;&#x904B;&#x884C;&#x5230;&#x7684;&#x88AB;&#x6E2C;&#x8A66;&#x51FD;&#x6578;&#x7684;&#x4EE3;&#x78BC;&#x6578;&#x76EE;&#x7A31;&#x7232;&#x6E2C;&#x8A66;&#x7684;&#x8986;&#x84CB;&#x7387;. &#x6E2C;&#x8A66;&#x8986;&#x84CB;&#x7387;&#x4F75;&#x4E0D;&#x80FD;&#x91CF;&#x5316; &#x2014; &#x751A;&#x81F3;&#x9023;&#x6700;&#x7C21;&#x55AE;&#x7684;&#x52D5;&#x614B;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x4E5F;&#x96E3;&#x4EE5;&#x7CBE;&#x78BA;&#x6E2C;&#x91CF; &#x2014; &#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x555F;&#x767C;&#x4F75;&#x5E6B;&#x52A9;&#x6211;&#x5011;&#x7DE8;&#x5BEB;&#x7684;&#x6709;&#x6548;&#x7684;&#x6E2C;&#x8A66;&#x4EE3;&#x78BC;.</p>
<p>&#x9019;&#x4E9B;&#x5E6B;&#x52A9;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x4E2D;&#x8A9E;&#x53E5;&#x7684;&#x8986;&#x84CB;&#x7387;&#x662F;&#x6700;&#x7C21;&#x55AE;&#x548C;&#x6700;&#x5EE3;&#x6CDB;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x7684;. &#x8A9E;&#x53E5;&#x7684;&#x8986;&#x84CB;&#x7387;&#x662F;&#x6307;&#x5728;&#x6E2C;&#x8A66;&#x4E2D;&#x81F3;&#x5C11;&#x88AB;&#x904B;&#x884C;&#x4E00;&#x6B21;&#x7684;&#x4EE3;&#x78BC;&#x5360;&#x7E3D;&#x4EE3;&#x78BC;&#x6578;&#x7684;&#x6BD4;&#x4F8B;. &#x5728;&#x672C;&#x7BC0;&#x4E2D;, &#x6211;&#x5011;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; <code>go test</code> &#x4E2D;&#x96C6;&#x6210;&#x7684;&#x6E2C;&#x8A66;&#x8986;&#x84CB;&#x7387;&#x5DE5;&#x5177;, &#x4F86;&#x5EA6;&#x91CF;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x4EE3;&#x78BC;&#x7684;&#x6E2C;&#x8A66;&#x8986;&#x84CB;&#x7387;, &#x5E6B;&#x52A9;&#x6211;&#x5011;&#x8B58;&#x522B;&#x6E2C;&#x8A66;&#x548C;&#x6211;&#x5011;&#x671F;&#x671B;&#x9593;&#x7684;&#x5DEE;&#x8DDD;.</p>
2015-12-14 04:08:47 +00:00
<p>The code below is a table-driven test for the expression evaluator we built back in Chapter 7:</p>
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<p>&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x4EE3;&#x78BC;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x8868;&#x683C;&#x9A45;&#x52D5;&#x7684;&#x6E2C;&#x8A66;, &#x7528;&#x65BC;&#x6E2C;&#x8A66;&#x7B2C;&#x4E03;&#x7AE0;&#x7684;&#x8868;&#x9054;&#x5F0F;&#x6C42;&#x503C;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;:</p>
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<pre><code class="lang-Go">gopl.io/ch7/eval
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> TestCoverage(t *testing.T) {
<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> tests = []<span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span> {
input <span class="hljs-typename">string</span>
env Env
want <span class="hljs-typename">string</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// expected error from Parse/Check or result from Eval</span>
}{
{<span class="hljs-string">&quot;x % 2&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-constant">nil</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;unexpected &apos;%&apos;&quot;</span>},
{<span class="hljs-string">&quot;!true&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-constant">nil</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;unexpected &apos;!&apos;&quot;</span>},
{<span class="hljs-string">&quot;log(10)&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-constant">nil</span>, <span class="hljs-string">`unknown function &quot;log&quot;`</span>},
{<span class="hljs-string">&quot;sqrt(1, 2)&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-constant">nil</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;call to sqrt has 2 args, want 1&quot;</span>},
{<span class="hljs-string">&quot;sqrt(A / pi)&quot;</span>, Env{<span class="hljs-string">&quot;A&quot;</span>: <span class="hljs-number">87616</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;pi&quot;</span>: math.Pi}, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;167&quot;</span>},
{<span class="hljs-string">&quot;pow(x, 3) + pow(y, 3)&quot;</span>, Env{<span class="hljs-string">&quot;x&quot;</span>: <span class="hljs-number">9</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;y&quot;</span>: <span class="hljs-number">10</span>}, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;1729&quot;</span>},
{<span class="hljs-string">&quot;5 / 9 * (F - 32)&quot;</span>, Env{<span class="hljs-string">&quot;F&quot;</span>: -<span class="hljs-number">40</span>}, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;-40&quot;</span>},
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> _, test := <span class="hljs-keyword">range</span> tests {
expr, err := Parse(test.input)
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err == <span class="hljs-constant">nil</span> {
err = expr.Check(<span class="hljs-keyword">map</span>[Var]<span class="hljs-typename">bool</span>{})
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err != <span class="hljs-constant">nil</span> {
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err.Error() != test.want {
t.Errorf(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;%s: got %q, want %q&quot;</span>, test.input, err, test.want)
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">continue</span>
}
got := fmt.Sprintf(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;%.6g&quot;</span>, expr.Eval(test.env))
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> got != test.want {
t.Errorf(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;%s: %v =&gt; %s, want %s&quot;</span>,
test.input, test.env, got, test.want)
}
}
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x9996;&#x5148;, &#x6211;&#x5011;&#x8981;&#x78BA;&#x4FDD;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x7684;&#x6E2C;&#x8A66;&#x90FD;&#x6B63;&#x5E38;&#x901A;&#x904E;:</p>
<pre><code>$ go test -v -run=Coverage gopl.io/ch7/eval
=== RUN TestCoverage
--- PASS: TestCoverage (0.00s)
PASS
ok gopl.io/ch7/eval 0.011s
2015-12-21 04:55:18 +00:00
</code></pre><p>&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x9019;&#x500B;&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x986F;&#x793A;&#x6E2C;&#x8A66;&#x8986;&#x84CB;&#x7387;&#x5DE5;&#x5177;&#x7684;&#x7528;&#x6CD5;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;:</p>
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<pre><code>$ go tool cover
Usage of &apos;go tool cover&apos;:
Given a coverage profile produced by &apos;go test&apos;:
go test -coverprofile=c.out
Open a web browser displaying annotated source code:
go tool cover -html=c.out
...
2015-12-21 04:55:18 +00:00
</code></pre><p><code>go tool</code> &#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x904B;&#x884C;Go&#x5DE5;&#x5177;&#x93C8;&#x7684;&#x5E95;&#x5C64;&#x53EF;&#x57F7;&#x884C;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;. &#x9019;&#x4E9B;&#x5E95;&#x5C64;&#x53EF;&#x57F7;&#x884C;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x653E;&#x5728; $GOROOT/pkg/tool/${GOOS}_${GOARCH} &#x76EE;&#x9332;. &#x56E0;&#x7232; <code>go build</code> &#x7684;&#x539F;&#x56E0;, &#x6211;&#x5011;&#x5F88;&#x5C0F;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x8ABF;&#x7528;&#x9019;&#x4E9B;&#x5E95;&#x5C64;&#x5DE5;&#x5177;.</p>
<p>&#x73FE;&#x5728;&#x6211;&#x5011;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7528; <code>-coverprofile</code> &#x6A19;&#x8A8C;&#x53C3;&#x6578;&#x91CD;&#x65B0;&#x904B;&#x884C;:</p>
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<pre><code>$ go test -run=Coverage -coverprofile=c.out gopl.io/ch7/eval
ok gopl.io/ch7/eval 0.032s coverage: 68.5% of statements
2015-12-21 04:55:18 +00:00
</code></pre><p>&#x9019;&#x500B;&#x6A19;&#x8A8C;&#x53C3;&#x6578;&#x901A;&#x904E;&#x63D2;&#x5165;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x9264;&#x5B50;&#x4EE3;&#x78BC;&#x4F86;&#x7D71;&#x8A08;&#x8986;&#x84CB;&#x7387;&#x6578;&#x64DA;. &#x4E5F;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x8AAC;, &#x5728;&#x904B;&#x884C;&#x6BCF;&#x500B;&#x6E2C;&#x8A66;&#x524D;, &#x5B83;&#x6703;&#x8129;&#x6539;&#x8981;&#x6E2C;&#x8A66;&#x4EE3;&#x78BC;&#x7684;&#x526F;&#x672C;, &#x5728;&#x6BCF;&#x500B;&#x584A;&#x90FD;&#x6703;&#x8A2D;&#x7F6E;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x5E03;&#x723E;&#x6A19;&#x8A8C;&#x8B8A;&#x91CF;. &#x7576;&#x88AB;&#x8129;&#x6539;&#x5F8C;&#x7684;&#x88AB;&#x6E2C;&#x8A66;&#x4EE3;&#x78BC;&#x904B;&#x884C;&#x9000;&#x9F63;&#x6642;, &#x5C07;&#x7D71;&#x8A08;&#x65E5;&#x8A8C;&#x6578;&#x64DA;&#x5BEB;&#x5165; c.out &#x6587;&#x4EF6;, &#x4F75;&#x6253;&#x5370;&#x4E00;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x57F7;&#x884C;&#x7684;&#x8A9E;&#x53E5;&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x7E3D;&#x7D50;. (&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x4F60;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#x6458;&#x8981;,&#x4F7F;&#x7528; <code>go test -cover</code>.)</p>
<p>&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x4E86; <code>-covermode=count</code> &#x6A19;&#x8A8C;&#x53C3;&#x6578;, &#x90A3;&#x9EBD;&#x5C07;&#x5728;&#x6BCF;&#x500B;&#x4EE3;&#x78BC;&#x584A;&#x63D2;&#x5165;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x8A08;&#x6578;&#x5668;&#x800C;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;&#x5E03;&#x723E;&#x6A19;&#x8A8C;&#x91CF;. &#x5728;&#x7D71;&#x8A08;&#x7D50;&#x679C;&#x4E2D;&#x8A18;&#x9332;&#x4E86;&#x6BCF;&#x500B;&#x584A;&#x7684;&#x57F7;&#x884C;&#x6B21;&#x6578;, &#x9019;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7528;&#x65BC;&#x8861;&#x91CF;&#x54EA;&#x4E9B;&#x662F;&#x88AB;&#x983B;&#x7E41;&#x57F7;&#x884C;&#x7684;&#x71B1;&#x9EDE;&#x4EE3;&#x78BC;.</p>
2015-12-14 04:08:47 +00:00
<p>&#x7232;&#x4E86;&#x6536;&#x96C6;&#x6578;&#x64DA;, &#x6211;&#x5011;&#x904B;&#x884C;&#x4E86;&#x6E2C;&#x8A66;&#x8986;&#x84CB;&#x7387;&#x5DE5;&#x5177;, &#x6253;&#x5370;&#x4E86;&#x6E2C;&#x8A66;&#x65E5;&#x8A8C;, &#x751F;&#x6210;&#x4E00;&#x500B;HTML&#x5831;&#x544A;, &#x7136;&#x5F8C;&#x5728;&#x700F;&#x89BD;&#x5668;&#x4E2D;&#x6253;&#x958B;(&#x5716;11.3).</p>
<pre><code>$ go tool cover -html=c.out
</code></pre><p><img src="../images/ch11-03.png" alt=""></p>
2015-12-21 04:55:18 +00:00
<p>&#x7DD1;&#x8272;&#x7684;&#x4EE3;&#x78BC;&#x584A;&#x88AB;&#x6E2C;&#x8A66;&#x8986;&#x84CB;&#x5230;&#x4E86;, &#x7D05;&#x8272;&#x7684;&#x5247;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x6C92;&#x6709;&#x88AB;&#x8986;&#x84CB;&#x5230;. &#x7232;&#x4E86;&#x6E05;&#x6670;&#x8D77;&#x898B;, &#x6211;&#x5011;&#x5C07;&#x7684;&#x80CC;&#x666F;&#x7D05;&#x8272;&#x6587;&#x672C;&#x7684;&#x80CC;&#x666F;&#x8A2D;&#x7F6E;&#x6210;&#x4E86;&#x9670;&#x5F71;&#x6548;&#x679C;. &#x6211;&#x5011;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x99AC;&#x4E0A;&#x767C;&#x73FE; unary &#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x7684; Eval &#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x4F75;&#x6C92;&#x6709;&#x88AB;&#x57F7;&#x884C;&#x5230;. &#x5982;&#x679C;&#x6211;&#x5011;&#x91DD;&#x5C0D;&#x9019;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x672A;&#x88AB;&#x8986;&#x84CB;&#x7684;&#x4EE3;&#x78BC;&#x6DFB;&#x52A0;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x6E2C;&#x8A66;, &#x7136;&#x5F8C;&#x91CD;&#x65B0;&#x904B;&#x884C;&#x4E0A;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x547D;&#x4EE4;, &#x90A3;&#x9EBD;&#x6211;&#x5011;&#x5C07;&#x6703;&#x770B;&#x5230;&#x90A3;&#x500B;&#x7D05;&#x8272;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x7684;&#x4EE3;&#x78BC;&#x4E5F;&#x8B8A;&#x6210;&#x7DD1;&#x8272;&#x4E86;:</p>
2015-12-14 04:08:47 +00:00
<pre><code>{&quot;-x * -x&quot;, eval.Env{&quot;x&quot;: 2}, &quot;4&quot;}
</code></pre><p>&#x4E0D;&#x904E;&#x5169;&#x500B; panic &#x8A9E;&#x53E5;&#x4F9D;&#x7136;&#x662F;&#x7D05;&#x8272;&#x7684;. &#x9019;&#x662F;&#x6C92;&#x6709;&#x554F;&#x984C;&#x7684;, &#x56E0;&#x7232;&#x9019;&#x5169;&#x500B;&#x8A9E;&#x53E5;&#x4F75;&#x4E0D;&#x6703;&#x88AB;&#x57F7;&#x884C;&#x5230;.</p>
2015-12-21 04:55:18 +00:00
<p>&#x5BE6;&#x73FE; 100% &#x7684;&#x6E2C;&#x8A66;&#x8986;&#x84CB;&#x7387;&#x807D;&#x8D77;&#x4F86;&#x5F88;&#x597D;, &#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x5728;&#x5177;&#x9AD4;&#x5BE6;&#x8E10;&#x4E2D;&#x901A;&#x5E38;&#x662F;&#x4E0D;&#x53EF;&#x884C;&#x7684;, &#x4E5F;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;&#x503C;&#x5F97;&#x63A8;&#x85A6;&#x7684;&#x505A;&#x6CD5;. &#x56E0;&#x7232;&#x90A3;&#x96BB;&#x80FD;&#x8AAC;&#x660E;&#x4EE3;&#x78BC;&#x88AB;&#x57F7;&#x884C;&#x904E;&#x800C;&#x5DF2;, &#x4F75;&#x4E0D;&#x610F;&#x5473;&#x7740;&#x4EE3;&#x78BC;&#x662F;&#x6C92;&#x6709;BUG&#x7684;; &#x56E0;&#x7232;&#x5C0D;&#x65BC;&#x908F;&#x8F2F;&#x8907;&#x96DC;&#x7684;&#x8A9E;&#x53E5;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x91DD;&#x5C0D;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x8F38;&#x5165;&#x57F7;&#x884C;&#x591A;&#x6B21;. &#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x8A9E;&#x53E5;, &#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#x4E0A;&#x9762;&#x7684; panic &#x8A9E;&#x53E5;&#x5247;&#x6C38;&#x9060;&#x90FD;&#x4E0D;&#x6703;&#x88AB;&#x57F7;&#x884C;&#x5230;. &#x53E6;&#x5916;, &#x9084;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x96B1;&#x6666;&#x7684;&#x932F;&#x8AA4;&#x5728;&#x73FE;&#x5BE6;&#x4E2D;&#x5F88;&#x5C11;&#x9047;&#x5230;&#x4E5F;&#x5F88;&#x96E3;&#x7DE8;&#x5BEB;&#x5C0D;&#x61C9;&#x7684;&#x6E2C;&#x8A66;&#x4EE3;&#x78BC;. &#x6E2C;&#x8A66;&#x5F9E;&#x672C;&#x8CEA;&#x4E0A;&#x4F86;&#x8AAC;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x6BD4;&#x8F03;&#x52D9;&#x5BE6;&#x7684;&#x5DE5;&#x4F5C;, &#x7DE8;&#x5BEB;&#x6E2C;&#x8A66;&#x4EE3;&#x78BC;&#x548C;&#x7DE8;&#x5BEB;&#x61C9;&#x7528;&#x4EE3;&#x78BC;&#x7684;&#x6210;&#x672C;&#x5C0D;&#x6BD4;&#x662F;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x8003;&#x616E;&#x7684;. &#x6E2C;&#x8A66;&#x8986;&#x84CB;&#x7387;&#x5DE5;&#x5177;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5E6B;&#x52A9;&#x6211;&#x5011;&#x5FEB;&#x901F;&#x8B58;&#x522B;&#x6E2C;&#x8A66;&#x8584;&#x5F31;&#x7684;&#x5730;&#x65B9;, &#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x8A2D;&#x8A08;&#x597D;&#x7684;&#x6E2C;&#x8A66;&#x7528;&#x4F8B;&#x548C;&#x7DE8;&#x5BEB;&#x61C9;&#x7528;&#x4EE3;&#x78BC;&#x4E00;&#x6A23;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x56B4;&#x5BC6;&#x7684;&#x601D;&#x8003;.</p>
2015-12-09 07:57:17 +00:00
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