mirror of
https://github.com/gopl-zh/gopl-zh.github.com.git
synced 2024-12-28 15:56:19 +00:00
302 lines
35 KiB
HTML
302 lines
35 KiB
HTML
|
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
|
|||
|
|
<html lang="zh" class="sidebar-visible no-js light">
|
|||
|
|
<head>
|
|||
|
|
<!-- Book generated using mdBook -->
|
|||
|
|
<meta charset="UTF-8">
|
|||
|
|
<title>类型 - Go语言圣经</title>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<!-- Custom HTML head -->
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type">
|
|||
|
|
<meta name="description" content="<The Go Programming Language>中文版">
|
|||
|
|
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
|
|||
|
|
<meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff" />
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<link rel="icon" href="../favicon.svg">
|
|||
|
|
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="../favicon.png">
|
|||
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/variables.css">
|
|||
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/general.css">
|
|||
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/chrome.css">
|
|||
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/print.css" media="print">
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<!-- Fonts -->
|
|||
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../FontAwesome/css/font-awesome.css">
|
|||
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../fonts/fonts.css">
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<!-- Highlight.js Stylesheets -->
|
|||
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../highlight.css">
|
|||
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../tomorrow-night.css">
|
|||
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../ayu-highlight.css">
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<!-- Custom theme stylesheets -->
|
|||
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../style.css">
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
</head>
|
|||
|
|
<body>
|
|||
|
|
<!-- Provide site root to javascript -->
|
|||
|
|
<script type="text/javascript">
|
|||
|
|
var path_to_root = "../";
|
|||
|
|
var default_theme = window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: dark)").matches ? "navy" : "light";
|
|||
|
|
</script>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<!-- Work around some values being stored in localStorage wrapped in quotes -->
|
|||
|
|
<script type="text/javascript">
|
|||
|
|
try {
|
|||
|
|
var theme = localStorage.getItem('mdbook-theme');
|
|||
|
|
var sidebar = localStorage.getItem('mdbook-sidebar');
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
if (theme.startsWith('"') && theme.endsWith('"')) {
|
|||
|
|
localStorage.setItem('mdbook-theme', theme.slice(1, theme.length - 1));
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
if (sidebar.startsWith('"') && sidebar.endsWith('"')) {
|
|||
|
|
localStorage.setItem('mdbook-sidebar', sidebar.slice(1, sidebar.length - 1));
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
} catch (e) { }
|
|||
|
|
</script>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<!-- Set the theme before any content is loaded, prevents flash -->
|
|||
|
|
<script type="text/javascript">
|
|||
|
|
var theme;
|
|||
|
|
try { theme = localStorage.getItem('mdbook-theme'); } catch(e) { }
|
|||
|
|
if (theme === null || theme === undefined) { theme = default_theme; }
|
|||
|
|
var html = document.querySelector('html');
|
|||
|
|
html.classList.remove('no-js')
|
|||
|
|
html.classList.remove('light')
|
|||
|
|
html.classList.add(theme);
|
|||
|
|
html.classList.add('js');
|
|||
|
|
</script>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<!-- Hide / unhide sidebar before it is displayed -->
|
|||
|
|
<script type="text/javascript">
|
|||
|
|
var html = document.querySelector('html');
|
|||
|
|
var sidebar = 'hidden';
|
|||
|
|
if (document.body.clientWidth >= 1080) {
|
|||
|
|
try { sidebar = localStorage.getItem('mdbook-sidebar'); } catch(e) { }
|
|||
|
|
sidebar = sidebar || 'visible';
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
html.classList.remove('sidebar-visible');
|
|||
|
|
html.classList.add("sidebar-" + sidebar);
|
|||
|
|
</script>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<nav id="sidebar" class="sidebar" aria-label="Table of contents">
|
|||
|
|
<div class="sidebar-scrollbox">
|
|||
|
|
<ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="../index.html">Go语言圣经</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="../preface.html">前言</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> 入门</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-01.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.1.</strong> Hello, World</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-02.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.</strong> 命令行参数</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-03.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.3.</strong> 查找重复的行</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-04.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.4.</strong> GIF动画</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-05.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.5.</strong> 获取URL</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-06.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.6.</strong> 并发获取多个URL</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-07.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.7.</strong> Web服务</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-08.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.8.</strong> 本章要点</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> 程序结构</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-01.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.</strong> 命名</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-02.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.</strong> 声明</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-03.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.</strong> 变量</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-04.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.</strong> 赋值</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-05.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.5.</strong> 类型</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-06.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.6.</strong> 包和文件</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-07.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.7.</strong> 作用域</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> 基础数据类型</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3-01.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> 整型</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3-02.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> 浮点数</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3-03.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> 复数</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3-04.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> 布尔型</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3-05.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> 字符串</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3-06.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> 常量</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> 复合数据类型</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4-01.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> 数组</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4-02.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> Slice</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4-03.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> Map</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4-04.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.4.</strong> 结构体</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4-05.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.5.</strong> JSON</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4-06.html"><s
|
|||
|
|
<div id="sidebar-resize-handle" class="sidebar-resize-handle"></div>
|
|||
|
|
</nav>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<div id="page-wrapper" class="page-wrapper">
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<div class="page">
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<div id="menu-bar-hover-placeholder"></div>
|
|||
|
|
<div id="menu-bar" class="menu-bar sticky bordered">
|
|||
|
|
<div class="left-buttons">
|
|||
|
|
<button id="sidebar-toggle" class="icon-button" type="button" title="Toggle Table of Contents" aria-label="Toggle Table of Contents" aria-controls="sidebar">
|
|||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-bars"></i>
|
|||
|
|
</button>
|
|||
|
|
<button id="theme-toggle" class="icon-button" type="button" title="Change theme" aria-label="Change theme" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="theme-list">
|
|||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-paint-brush"></i>
|
|||
|
|
</button>
|
|||
|
|
<ul id="theme-list" class="theme-popup" aria-label="Themes" role="menu">
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="light">Light (default)</button></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="rust">Rust</button></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="coal">Coal</button></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="navy">Navy</button></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="ayu">Ayu</button></li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
<button id="search-toggle" class="icon-button" type="button" title="Search. (Shortkey: s)" aria-label="Toggle Searchbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-keyshortcuts="S" aria-controls="searchbar">
|
|||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-search"></i>
|
|||
|
|
</button>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<h1 class="menu-title">Go语言圣经</h1>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<div class="right-buttons">
|
|||
|
|
<a href="../print.html" title="Print this book" aria-label="Print this book">
|
|||
|
|
<i id="print-button" class="fa fa-print"></i>
|
|||
|
|
</a>
|
|||
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/gopl-zh/gopl-zh.github.com" title="Git repository" aria-label="Git repository">
|
|||
|
|
<i id="git-repository-button" class="fa fa-github"></i>
|
|||
|
|
</a>
|
|||
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/gopl-zh/gopl-zh.github.com/edit/master/./ch2/ch2-05.md" title="Suggest an edit" aria-label="Suggest an edit">
|
|||
|
|
<i id="git-edit-button" class="fa fa-edit"></i>
|
|||
|
|
</a>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<div id="search-wrapper" class="hidden">
|
|||
|
|
<form id="searchbar-outer" class="searchbar-outer">
|
|||
|
|
<input type="search" id="searchbar" name="searchbar" placeholder="Search this book ..." aria-controls="searchresults-outer" aria-describedby="searchresults-header">
|
|||
|
|
</form>
|
|||
|
|
<div id="searchresults-outer" class="searchresults-outer hidden">
|
|||
|
|
<div id="searchresults-header" class="searchresults-header"></div>
|
|||
|
|
<ul id="searchresults">
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<!-- Apply ARIA attributes after the sidebar and the sidebar toggle button are added to the DOM -->
|
|||
|
|
<script type="text/javascript">
|
|||
|
|
document.getElementById('sidebar-toggle').setAttribute('aria-expanded', sidebar === 'visible');
|
|||
|
|
document.getElementById('sidebar').setAttribute('aria-hidden', sidebar !== 'visible');
|
|||
|
|
Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('#sidebar a')).forEach(function(link) {
|
|||
|
|
link.setAttribute('tabIndex', sidebar === 'visible' ? 0 : -1);
|
|||
|
|
});
|
|||
|
|
</script>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<div id="content" class="content">
|
|||
|
|
<!-- Page table of contents -->
|
|||
|
|
<div class="sidetoc"><nav class="pagetoc"></nav></div>
|
|||
|
|
<main>
|
|||
|
|
<!-- 头部 -->
|
|||
|
|
<ul dir="auto">
|
|||
|
|
<li><em>KusonStack一站式可编程配置技术栈: <a href="https://github.com/KusionStack/kusion">https://github.com/KusionStack/kusion</a></em></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li><em>凹语言™: <a href="https://github.com/wa-lang/wa">https://github.com/wa-lang/wa</a></em></li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
<hr>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<h2 id="25-类型"><a class="header" href="#25-类型">2.5. 类型</a></h2>
|
|||
|
|
<p>变量或表达式的类型定义了对应存储值的属性特征，例如数值在内存的存储大小（或者是元素的bit个数），它们在内部是如何表达的，是否支持一些操作符，以及它们自己关联的方法集等。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>在任何程序中都会存在一些变量有着相同的内部结构，但是却表示完全不同的概念。例如，一个int类型的变量可以用来表示一个循环的迭代索引、或者一个时间戳、或者一个文件描述符、或者一个月份；一个float64类型的变量可以用来表示每秒移动几米的速度、或者是不同温度单位下的温度；一个字符串可以用来表示一个密码或者一个颜色的名称。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>一个类型声明语句创建了一个新的类型名称，和现有类型具有相同的底层结构。新命名的类型提供了一个方法，用来分隔不同概念的类型，这样即使它们底层类型相同也是不兼容的。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<pre><code class="language-Go">type 类型名字 底层类型
|
|||
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|||
|
|
<p>类型声明语句一般出现在包一级，因此如果新创建的类型名字的首字符大写，则在包外部也可以使用。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>译注：对于中文汉字，Unicode标志都作为小写字母处理，因此中文的命名默认不能导出；不过国内的用户针对该问题提出了不同的看法，根据RobPike的回复，在Go2中有可能会将中日韩等字符当作大写字母处理。下面是RobPik在 <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues/5763">Issue763</a> 的回复：</p>
|
|||
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|||
|
|
<p>A solution that's been kicking around for a while:</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>For Go 2 (can't do it before then): Change the definition to “lower case letters and _ are package-local; all else is exported”. Then with non-cased languages, such as Japanese, we can write 日本语 for an exported name and _日本语 for a local name. This rule has no effect, relative to the Go 1 rule, with cased languages. They behave exactly the same.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|||
|
|
<p>为了说明类型声明，我们将不同温度单位分别定义为不同的类型：</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><u><i>gopl.io/ch2/tempconv0</i></u></p>
|
|||
|
|
<pre><code class="language-Go">// Package tempconv performs Celsius and Fahrenheit temperature computations.
|
|||
|
|
package tempconv
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
import "fmt"
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
type Celsius float64 // 摄氏温度
|
|||
|
|
type Fahrenheit float64 // 华氏温度
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
const (
|
|||
|
|
AbsoluteZeroC Celsius = -273.15 // 绝对零度
|
|||
|
|
FreezingC Celsius = 0 // 结冰点温度
|
|||
|
|
BoilingC Celsius = 100 // 沸水温度
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
func CToF(c Celsius) Fahrenheit { return Fahrenheit(c*9/5 + 32) }
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
func FToC(f Fahrenheit) Celsius { return Celsius((f - 32) * 5 / 9) }
|
|||
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|||
|
|
<p>我们在这个包声明了两种类型：Celsius和Fahrenheit分别对应不同的温度单位。它们虽然有着相同的底层类型float64，但是它们是不同的数据类型，因此它们不可以被相互比较或混在一个表达式运算。刻意区分类型，可以避免一些像无意中使用不同单位的温度混合计算导致的错误；因此需要一个类似Celsius(t)或Fahrenheit(t)形式的显式转型操作才能将float64转为对应的类型。Celsius(t)和Fahrenheit(t)是类型转换操作，它们并不是函数调用。类型转换不会改变值本身，但是会使它们的语义发生变化。另一方面，CToF和FToC两个函数则是对不同温度单位下的温度进行换算，它们会返回不同的值。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>对于每一个类型T，都有一个对应的类型转换操作T(x)，用于将x转为T类型（译注：如果T是指针类型，可能会需要用小括弧包装T，比如<code>(*int)(0)</code>）。只有当两个类型的底层基础类型相同时，才允许这种转型操作，或者是两者都是指向相同底层结构的指针类型，这些转换只改变类型而不会影响值本身。如果x是可以赋值给T类型的值，那么x必然也可以被转为T类型，但是一般没有这个必要。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>数值类型之间的转型也是允许的，并且在字符串和一些特定类型的slice之间也是可以转换的，在下一章我们会看到这样的例子。这类转换可能改变值的表现。例如，将一个浮点数转为整数将丢弃小数部分，将一个字符串转为<code>[]byte</code>类型的slice将拷贝一个字符串数据的副本。在任何情况下，运行时不会发生转换失败的错误（译注: 错误只会发生在编译阶段）。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>底层数据类型决定了内部结构和表达方式，也决定是否可以像底层类型一样对内置运算符的支持。这意味着，Celsius和Fahrenheit类型的算术运算行为和底层的float64类型是一样的，正如我们所期望的那样。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<pre><code class="language-Go">fmt.Printf("%g\n", BoilingC-FreezingC) // "100" °C
|
|||
|
|
boilingF := CToF(BoilingC)
|
|||
|
|
fmt.Printf("%g\n", boilingF-CToF(FreezingC)) // "180" °F
|
|||
|
|
fmt.Printf("%g\n", boilingF-FreezingC) // compile error: type mismatch
|
|||
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|||
|
|
<p>比较运算符<code>==</code>和<code><</code>也可以用来比较一个命名类型的变量和另一个有相同类型的变量，或有着相同底层类型的未命名类型的值之间做比较。但是如果两个值有着不同的类型，则不能直接进行比较：</p>
|
|||
|
|
<pre><code class="language-Go">var c Celsius
|
|||
|
|
var f Fahrenheit
|
|||
|
|
fmt.Println(c == 0) // "true"
|
|||
|
|
fmt.Println(f >= 0) // "true"
|
|||
|
|
fmt.Println(c == f) // compile error: type mismatch
|
|||
|
|
fmt.Println(c == Celsius(f)) // "true"!
|
|||
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|||
|
|
<p>注意最后那个语句。尽管看起来像函数调用，但是Celsius(f)是类型转换操作，它并不会改变值，仅仅是改变值的类型而已。测试为真的原因是因为c和f都是零值。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>一个命名的类型可以提供书写方便，特别是可以避免一遍又一遍地书写复杂类型（译注：例如用匿名的结构体定义变量）。虽然对于像float64这种简单的底层类型没有简洁很多，但是如果是复杂的类型将会简洁很多，特别是我们即将讨论的结构体类型。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>命名类型还可以为该类型的值定义新的行为。这些行为表示为一组关联到该类型的函数集合，我们称为类型的方法集。我们将在第六章中讨论方法的细节，这里只说些简单用法。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>下面的声明语句，Celsius类型的参数c出现在了函数名的前面，表示声明的是Celsius类型的一个名叫String的方法，该方法返回该类型对象c带着°C温度单位的字符串：</p>
|
|||
|
|
<pre><code class="language-Go">func (c Celsius) String() string { return fmt.Sprintf("%g°C", c) }
|
|||
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|||
|
|
<p>许多类型都会定义一个String方法，因为当使用fmt包的打印方法时，将会优先使用该类型对应的String方法返回的结果打印，我们将在7.1节讲述。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<pre><code class="language-Go">c := FToC(212.0)
|
|||
|
|
fmt.Println(c.String()) // "100°C"
|
|||
|
|
fmt.Printf("%v\n", c) // "100°C"; no need to call String explicitly
|
|||
|
|
fmt.Printf("%s\n", c) // "100°C"
|
|||
|
|
fmt.Println(c) // "100°C"
|
|||
|
|
fmt.Printf("%g\n", c) // "100"; does not call String
|
|||
|
|
fmt.Println(float64(c)) // "100"; does not call String
|
|||
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<!-- 公众号 -->
|
|||
|
|
<hr>
|
|||
|
|
<table>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>
|
|||
|
|
<img width="222px" src="https://chai2010.cn/advanced-go-programming-book/css.png">
|
|||
|
|
</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>
|
|||
|
|
<img width="222px" src="https://chai2010.cn/advanced-go-programming-book/cch.png">
|
|||
|
|
</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
</table>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<div id="giscus-container"></div>
|
|||
|
|
<footer class="page-footer">
|
|||
|
|
<span>© 2015-2016 | <a href="https://github.com/gopl-zh"> Go语言圣经中文版</a>, 仅学习交流使用</span>
|
|||
|
|
</footer>
|
|||
|
|
</main>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<nav class="nav-wrapper" aria-label="Page navigation">
|
|||
|
|
<!-- Mobile navigation buttons -->
|
|||
|
|
<a rel="prev" href="../ch2/ch2-04.html" class="mobile-nav-chapters previous" title="Previous chapter" aria-label="Previous chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Left">
|
|||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-angle-left"></i>
|
|||
|
|
</a>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<a rel="next" href="../ch2/ch2-06.html" class="mobile-nav-chapters next" title="Next chapter" aria-label="Next chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Right">
|
|||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i>
|
|||
|
|
</a>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<div style="clear: both"></div>
|
|||
|
|
</nav>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<nav class="nav-wide-wrapper" aria-label="Page navigation">
|
|||
|
|
<a rel="prev" href="../ch2/ch2-04.html" class="nav-chapters previous" title="Previous chapter" aria-label="Previous chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Left">
|
|||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-angle-left"></i>
|
|||
|
|
</a>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<a rel="next" href="../ch2/ch2-06.html" class="nav-chapters next" title="Next chapter" aria-label="Next chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Right">
|
|||
|
|
<i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i>
|
|||
|
|
</a>
|
|||
|
|
</nav>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<script type="text/javascript">
|
|||
|
|
window.playground_copyable = true;
|
|||
|
|
</script>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<script src="../elasticlunr.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
|||
|
|
<script src="../mark.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
|||
|
|
<script src="../searcher.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<script src="../clipboard.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
|||
|
|
<script src="../highlight.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
|||
|
|
<script src="../book.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
|||
|
|
<script type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8">
|
|||
|
|
var pagePath = "ch2/ch2-05.md"
|
|||
|
|
</script>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<!-- Custom JS scripts -->
|
|||
|
|
<script type="text/javascript" src="../js/custom.js"></script>
|
|||
|
|
<script type="text/javascript" src="../js/bigPicture.js"></script>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
</body>
|
|||
|
|
</html>
|