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<ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="../index.html">Go语言圣经</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="../preface.html">前言</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> 入门</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-01.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.1.</strong> Hello, World</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-02.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.</strong> 命令行参数</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-03.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.3.</strong> 查找重复的行</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-04.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.4.</strong> GIF动画</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-05.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.5.</strong> 获取URL</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-06.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.6.</strong> 并发获取多个URL</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-07.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.7.</strong> Web服务</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-08.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.8.</strong> 本章要点</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> 程序结构</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-01.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.</strong> 命名</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-02.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.</strong> 声明</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-03.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.</strong> 变量</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-04.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.</strong> 赋值</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-05.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.5.</strong> 类型</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-06.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.6.</strong> 包和文件</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-07.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.7.</strong> 作用域</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> 基础数据类型</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3-01.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> 整型</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3-02.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> 浮点数</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3-03.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> 复数</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3-04.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> 布尔型</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3-05.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> 字符串</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3-06.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> 常量</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> 复合数据类型</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4-01.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> 数组</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4-02.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> Slice</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4-03.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> Map</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4-04.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.4.</strong> 结构体</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4-05.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.5.</strong> JSON</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4-06.html"><strong aria-hidd
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<li><em>KusonStack一站式可编程配置技术栈: <a href="https://github.com/KusionStack/kusion">https://github.com/KusionStack/kusion</a></em></li>
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<li><em>凹语言™: <a href="https://github.com/wa-lang/wa">https://github.com/wa-lang/wa</a></em></li>
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<h2 id="51-函数声明"><a class="header" href="#51-函数声明">5.1. 函数声明</a></h2>
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<p>函数声明包括函数名、形式参数列表、返回值列表（可省略）以及函数体。</p>
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<pre><code class="language-Go">func name(parameter-list) (result-list) {
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body
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}
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</code></pre>
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<p>形式参数列表描述了函数的参数名以及参数类型。这些参数作为局部变量，其值由参数调用者提供。返回值列表描述了函数返回值的变量名以及类型。如果函数返回一个无名变量或者没有返回值，返回值列表的括号是可以省略的。如果一个函数声明不包括返回值列表，那么函数体执行完毕后，不会返回任何值。在hypot函数中：</p>
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<pre><code class="language-Go">func hypot(x, y float64) float64 {
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return math.Sqrt(x*x + y*y)
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}
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fmt.Println(hypot(3,4)) // "5"
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</code></pre>
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<p>x和y是形参名，3和4是调用时的传入的实参，函数返回了一个float64类型的值。
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返回值也可以像形式参数一样被命名。在这种情况下，每个返回值被声明成一个局部变量，并根据该返回值的类型，将其初始化为该类型的零值。
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如果一个函数在声明时，包含返回值列表，该函数必须以 return语句结尾，除非函数明显无法运行到结尾处。例如函数在结尾时调用了panic异常或函数中存在无限循环。</p>
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<p>正如hypot一样，如果一组形参或返回值有相同的类型，我们不必为每个形参都写出参数类型。下面2个声明是等价的：</p>
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<pre><code class="language-Go">func f(i, j, k int, s, t string) { /* ... */ }
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func f(i int, j int, k int, s string, t string) { /* ... */ }
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</code></pre>
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<p>下面，我们给出4种方法声明拥有2个int型参数和1个int型返回值的函数.blank identifier(译者注：即下文的_符号)可以强调某个参数未被使用。</p>
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<pre><code class="language-Go">func add(x int, y int) int {return x + y}
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func sub(x, y int) (z int) { z = x - y; return}
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func first(x int, _ int) int { return x }
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func zero(int, int) int { return 0 }
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fmt.Printf("%T\n", add) // "func(int, int) int"
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fmt.Printf("%T\n", sub) // "func(int, int) int"
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fmt.Printf("%T\n", first) // "func(int, int) int"
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fmt.Printf("%T\n", zero) // "func(int, int) int"
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</code></pre>
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<p>函数的类型被称为函数的签名。如果两个函数形式参数列表和返回值列表中的变量类型一一对应，那么这两个函数被认为有相同的类型或签名。形参和返回值的变量名不影响函数签名，也不影响它们是否可以以省略参数类型的形式表示。</p>
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<p>每一次函数调用都必须按照声明顺序为所有参数提供实参（参数值）。在函数调用时，Go语言没有默认参数值，也没有任何方法可以通过参数名指定形参，因此形参和返回值的变量名对于函数调用者而言没有意义。</p>
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<p>在函数体中，函数的形参作为局部变量，被初始化为调用者提供的值。函数的形参和有名返回值作为函数最外层的局部变量，被存储在相同的词法块中。</p>
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<p>实参通过值的方式传递，因此函数的形参是实参的拷贝。对形参进行修改不会影响实参。但是，如果实参包括引用类型，如指针，slice(切片)、map、function、channel等类型，实参可能会由于函数的间接引用被修改。</p>
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<p>你可能会偶尔遇到没有函数体的函数声明，这表示该函数不是以Go实现的。这样的声明定义了函数签名。</p>
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<pre><code class="language-Go">package math
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func Sin(x float64) float //implemented in assembly language
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</code></pre>
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