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<ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="../index.html">Go语言圣经</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="../preface.html">前言</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> 入门</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-01.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.1.</strong> Hello, World</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-02.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.</strong> 命令行参数</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-03.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.3.</strong> 查找重复的行</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-04.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.4.</strong> GIF动画</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-05.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.5.</strong> 获取URL</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-06.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.6.</strong> 并发获取多个URL</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-07.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.7.</strong> Web服务</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-08.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.8.</strong> 本章要点</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> 程序结构</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-01.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.</strong> 命名</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-02.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.</strong> 声明</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-03.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.</strong> 变量</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-04.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.</strong> 赋值</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-05.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.5.</strong> 类型</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-06.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.6.</strong> 包和文件</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-07.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.7.</strong> 作用域</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> 基础数据类型</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3-01.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> 整型</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3-02.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> 浮点数</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3-03.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> 复数</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3-04.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> 布尔型</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3-05.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> 字符串</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3-06.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> 常量</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> 复合数据类型</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4-01.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> 数组</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4-02.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> Slice</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4-03.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> Map</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4-04.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.4.</strong> 结构体</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4-05.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.5.</strong> JSON</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4-06.html"><strong aria-hidd
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<li><em>KusonStack一站式可编程配置技术栈: <a href="https://github.com/KusionStack/kusion">https://github.com/KusionStack/kusion</a></em></li>
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<li><em>凹语言™: <a href="https://github.com/wa-lang/wa">https://github.com/wa-lang/wa</a></em></li>
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<h2 id="64-方法值和方法表达式"><a class="header" href="#64-方法值和方法表达式">6.4. 方法值和方法表达式</a></h2>
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<p>我们经常选择一个方法，并且在同一个表达式里执行，比如常见的p.Distance()形式，实际上将其分成两步来执行也是可能的。p.Distance叫作“选择器”，选择器会返回一个方法“值”->一个将方法（Point.Distance）绑定到特定接收器变量的函数。这个函数可以不通过指定其接收器即可被调用；即调用时不需要指定接收器（译注：因为已经在前文中指定过了），只要传入函数的参数即可：</p>
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<pre><code class="language-go">p := Point{1, 2}
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q := Point{4, 6}
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distanceFromP := p.Distance // method value
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fmt.Println(distanceFromP(q)) // "5"
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var origin Point // {0, 0}
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fmt.Println(distanceFromP(origin)) // "2.23606797749979", sqrt(5)
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scaleP := p.ScaleBy // method value
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scaleP(2) // p becomes (2, 4)
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scaleP(3) // then (6, 12)
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scaleP(10) // then (60, 120)
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</code></pre>
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<p>在一个包的API需要一个函数值、且调用方希望操作的是某一个绑定了对象的方法的话，方法“值”会非常实用（``=_=`真是绕）。举例来说，下面例子中的time.AfterFunc这个函数的功能是在指定的延迟时间之后来执行一个（译注：另外的）函数。且这个函数操作的是一个Rocket对象r</p>
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<pre><code class="language-go">type Rocket struct { /* ... */ }
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func (r *Rocket) Launch() { /* ... */ }
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r := new(Rocket)
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time.AfterFunc(10 * time.Second, func() { r.Launch() })
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</code></pre>
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<p>直接用方法“值”传入AfterFunc的话可以更为简短：</p>
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<pre><code class="language-go">time.AfterFunc(10 * time.Second, r.Launch)
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</code></pre>
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<p>译注：省掉了上面那个例子里的匿名函数。</p>
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<p>和方法“值”相关的还有方法表达式。当调用一个方法时，与调用一个普通的函数相比，我们必须要用选择器（p.Distance）语法来指定方法的接收器。</p>
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<p>当T是一个类型时，方法表达式可能会写作<code>T.f</code>或者<code>(*T).f</code>，会返回一个函数“值”，这种函数会将其第一个参数用作接收器，所以可以用通常（译注：不写选择器）的方式来对其进行调用：</p>
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<pre><code class="language-go">p := Point{1, 2}
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q := Point{4, 6}
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distance := Point.Distance // method expression
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fmt.Println(distance(p, q)) // "5"
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fmt.Printf("%T\n", distance) // "func(Point, Point) float64"
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scale := (*Point).ScaleBy
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scale(&p, 2)
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fmt.Println(p) // "{2 4}"
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fmt.Printf("%T\n", scale) // "func(*Point, float64)"
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// 译注：这个Distance实际上是指定了Point对象为接收器的一个方法func (p Point) Distance()，
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// 但通过Point.Distance得到的函数需要比实际的Distance方法多一个参数，
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// 即其需要用第一个额外参数指定接收器，后面排列Distance方法的参数。
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// 看起来本书中函数和方法的区别是指有没有接收器，而不像其他语言那样是指有没有返回值。
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</code></pre>
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<p>当你根据一个变量来决定调用同一个类型的哪个函数时，方法表达式就显得很有用了。你可以根据选择来调用接收器各不相同的方法。下面的例子，变量op代表Point类型的addition或者subtraction方法，Path.TranslateBy方法会为其Path数组中的每一个Point来调用对应的方法：</p>
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<pre><code class="language-go">type Point struct{ X, Y float64 }
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func (p Point) Add(q Point) Point { return Point{p.X + q.X, p.Y + q.Y} }
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func (p Point) Sub(q Point) Point { return Point{p.X - q.X, p.Y - q.Y} }
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type Path []Point
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func (path Path) TranslateBy(offset Point, add bool) {
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var op func(p, q Point) Point
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if add {
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op = Point.Add
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} else {
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op = Point.Sub
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}
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for i := range path {
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// Call either path[i].Add(offset) or path[i].Sub(offset).
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path[i] = op(path[i], offset)
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}
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}
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</code></pre>
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