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<ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="../index.html">Go语言圣经</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="../preface.html">前言</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> 入门</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-01.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.1.</strong> Hello, World</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-02.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.</strong> 命令行参数</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-03.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.3.</strong> 查找重复的行</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-04.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.4.</strong> GIF动画</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-05.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.5.</strong> 获取URL</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-06.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.6.</strong> 并发获取多个URL</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-07.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.7.</strong> Web服务</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-08.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.8.</strong> 本章要点</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> 程序结构</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-01.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.</strong> 命名</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-02.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.</strong> 声明</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-03.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.</strong> 变量</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-04.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.</strong> 赋值</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-05.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.5.</strong> 类型</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-06.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.6.</strong> 包和文件</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-07.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.7.</strong> 作用域</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> 基础数据类型</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3-01.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> 整型</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3-02.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> 浮点数</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3-03.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> 复数</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3-04.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> 布尔型</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3-05.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> 字符串</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3-06.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> 常量</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> 复合数据类型</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4-01.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> 数组</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4-02.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> Slice</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4-03.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> Map</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4-04.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.4.</strong> 结构体</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4-05.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.5.</strong> JSON</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4-06.html"><strong aria-hidd
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<li><em>KusonStack一站式可编程配置技术栈: <a href="https://github.com/KusionStack/kusion">https://github.com/KusionStack/kusion</a></em></li>
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<li><em>凹语言™: <a href="https://github.com/wa-lang/wa">https://github.com/wa-lang/wa</a></em></li>
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<hr>
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<h2 id="72-接口类型"><a class="header" href="#72-接口类型">7.2. 接口类型</a></h2>
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<p>接口类型具体描述了一系列方法的集合，一个实现了这些方法的具体类型是这个接口类型的实例。</p>
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<p>io.Writer类型是用得最广泛的接口之一，因为它提供了所有类型的写入bytes的抽象，包括文件类型，内存缓冲区，网络链接，HTTP客户端，压缩工具，哈希等等。io包中定义了很多其它有用的接口类型。Reader可以代表任意可以读取bytes的类型，Closer可以是任意可以关闭的值，例如一个文件或是网络链接。（到现在你可能注意到了很多Go语言中单方法接口的命名习惯）</p>
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<pre><code class="language-go">package io
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type Reader interface {
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Read(p []byte) (n int, err error)
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}
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type Closer interface {
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Close() error
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}
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</code></pre>
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<p>再往下看，我们发现有些新的接口类型通过组合已有的接口来定义。下面是两个例子：</p>
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<pre><code class="language-go">type ReadWriter interface {
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Reader
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Writer
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}
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type ReadWriteCloser interface {
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Reader
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Writer
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Closer
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}
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</code></pre>
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<p>上面用到的语法和结构内嵌相似，我们可以用这种方式以一个简写命名一个接口，而不用声明它所有的方法。这种方式称为接口内嵌。尽管略失简洁，我们可以像下面这样，不使用内嵌来声明io.ReadWriter接口。</p>
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<pre><code class="language-go">type ReadWriter interface {
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Read(p []byte) (n int, err error)
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Write(p []byte) (n int, err error)
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}
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</code></pre>
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<p>或者甚至使用一种混合的风格：</p>
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<pre><code class="language-go">type ReadWriter interface {
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Read(p []byte) (n int, err error)
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Writer
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}
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</code></pre>
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<p>上面3种定义方式都是一样的效果。方法顺序的变化也没有影响，唯一重要的就是这个集合里面的方法。</p>
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<p><strong>练习 7.4：</strong> strings.NewReader函数通过读取一个string参数返回一个满足io.Reader接口类型的值（和其它值）。实现一个简单版本的NewReader，用它来构造一个接收字符串输入的HTML解析器（§5.2）</p>
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<p><strong>练习 7.5：</strong> io包里面的LimitReader函数接收一个io.Reader接口类型的r和字节数n，并且返回另一个从r中读取字节但是当读完n个字节后就表示读到文件结束的Reader。实现这个LimitReader函数：</p>
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<pre><code class="language-go">func LimitReader(r io.Reader, n int64) io.Reader
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</code></pre>
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<span>© 2015-2016 | <a href="https://github.com/gopl-zh"> Go语言圣经中文版</a>, 仅学习交流使用</span>
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