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<ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="../index.html">Go语言圣经</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="../preface.html">前言</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> 入门</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-01.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.1.</strong> Hello, World</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-02.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.</strong> 命令行参数</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-03.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.3.</strong> 查找重复的行</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-04.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.4.</strong> GIF动画</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-05.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.5.</strong> 获取URL</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-06.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.6.</strong> 并发获取多个URL</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-07.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.7.</strong> Web服务</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-08.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.8.</strong> 本章要点</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> 程序结构</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-01.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.</strong> 命名</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-02.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.</strong> 声明</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-03.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.</strong> 变量</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-04.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.</strong> 赋值</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-05.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.5.</strong> 类型</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-06.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.6.</strong> 包和文件</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-07.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.7.</strong> 作用域</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> 基础数据类型</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3-01.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> 整型</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3-02.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> 浮点数</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3-03.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> 复数</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3-04.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> 布尔型</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3-05.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> 字符串</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3-06.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> 常量</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> 复合数据类型</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4-01.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> 数组</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4-02.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> Slice</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4-03.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> Map</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4-04.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.4.</strong> 结构体</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4-05.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.5.</strong> JSON</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4-06.html"><strong aria-hidd
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<li><em>KusonStack一站式可编程配置技术栈: <a href="https://github.com/KusionStack/kusion">https://github.com/KusionStack/kusion</a></em></li>
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<li><em>凹语言™: <a href="https://github.com/wa-lang/wa">https://github.com/wa-lang/wa</a></em></li>
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<h2 id="93-syncrwmutex读写锁"><a class="header" href="#93-syncrwmutex读写锁">9.3. sync.RWMutex读写锁</a></h2>
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<p>在100刀的存款消失时不做记录多少还是会让我们有一些恐慌，Bob写了一个程序，每秒运行几百次来检查他的银行余额。他会在家，在工作中，甚至会在他的手机上来运行这个程序。银行注意到这些陡增的流量使得存款和取款有了延时，因为所有的余额查询请求是顺序执行的，这样会互斥地获得锁，并且会暂时阻止其它的goroutine运行。</p>
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<p>由于Balance函数只需要读取变量的状态，所以我们同时让多个Balance调用并发运行事实上是安全的，只要在运行的时候没有存款或者取款操作就行。在这种场景下我们需要一种特殊类型的锁，其允许多个只读操作并行执行，但写操作会完全互斥。这种锁叫作“多读单写”锁（multiple readers, single writer lock），Go语言提供的这样的锁是sync.RWMutex：</p>
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<pre><code class="language-go">var mu sync.RWMutex
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var balance int
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func Balance() int {
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mu.RLock() // readers lock
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defer mu.RUnlock()
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return balance
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}
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</code></pre>
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<p>Balance函数现在调用了RLock和RUnlock方法来获取和释放一个读取或者共享锁。Deposit函数没有变化，会调用mu.Lock和mu.Unlock方法来获取和释放一个写或互斥锁。</p>
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<p>在这次修改后，Bob的余额查询请求就可以彼此并行地执行并且会很快地完成了。锁在更多的时间范围可用，并且存款请求也能够及时地被响应了。</p>
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<p>RLock只能在临界区共享变量没有任何写入操作时可用。一般来说，我们不应该假设逻辑上的只读函数/方法也不会去更新某一些变量。比如一个方法功能是访问一个变量，但它也有可能会同时去给一个内部的计数器+1（译注：可能是记录这个方法的访问次数啥的），或者去更新缓存——使即时的调用能够更快。如果有疑惑的话，请使用互斥锁。</p>
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<p>RWMutex只有当获得锁的大部分goroutine都是读操作，而锁在竞争条件下，也就是说，goroutine们必须等待才能获取到锁的时候，RWMutex才是最能带来好处的。RWMutex需要更复杂的内部记录，所以会让它比一般的无竞争锁的mutex慢一些。</p>
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