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<ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="../index.html">Go语言圣经</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="../preface.html">前言</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> 入门</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-01.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.1.</strong> Hello, World</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-02.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.</strong> 命令行参数</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-03.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.3.</strong> 查找重复的行</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-04.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.4.</strong> GIF动画</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-05.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.5.</strong> 获取URL</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-06.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.6.</strong> 并发获取多个URL</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-07.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.7.</strong> Web服务</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-08.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.8.</strong> 本章要点</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> 程序结构</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-01.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.</strong> 命名</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-02.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.</strong> 声明</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-03.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.</strong> 变量</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-04.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.</strong> 赋值</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-05.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.5.</strong> 类型</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-06.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.6.</strong> 包和文件</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-07.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.7.</strong> 作用域</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> 基础数据类型</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3-01.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> 整型</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3-02.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> 浮点数</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3-03.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> 复数</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3-04.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> 布尔型</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3-05.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> 字符串</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3-06.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> 常量</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> 复合数据类型</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4-01.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> 数组</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4-02.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> Slice</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4-03.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> Map</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4-04.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.4.</strong> 结构体</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4-05.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.5.</strong> JSON</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4-06.html"><strong aria-hidd
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<h2 id="125-通过reflectvalue修改值"><a class="header" href="#125-通过reflectvalue修改值">12.5. 通过reflect.Value修改值</a></h2>
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<p>到目前为止，反射还只是程序中变量的另一种读取方式。然而，在本节中我们将重点讨论如何通过反射机制来修改变量。</p>
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<p>回想一下，Go语言中类似x、x.f[1]和*p形式的表达式都可以表示变量，但是其它如x + 1和f(2)则不是变量。一个变量就是一个可寻址的内存空间，里面存储了一个值，并且存储的值可以通过内存地址来更新。</p>
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<p>对于reflect.Values也有类似的区别。有一些reflect.Values是可取地址的；其它一些则不可以。考虑以下的声明语句：</p>
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<pre><code class="language-Go">x := 2 // value type variable?
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a := reflect.ValueOf(2) // 2 int no
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b := reflect.ValueOf(x) // 2 int no
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c := reflect.ValueOf(&x) // &x *int no
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d := c.Elem() // 2 int yes (x)
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</code></pre>
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<p>其中a对应的变量不可取地址。因为a中的值仅仅是整数2的拷贝副本。b中的值也同样不可取地址。c中的值还是不可取地址，它只是一个指针<code>&x</code>的拷贝。实际上，所有通过reflect.ValueOf(x)返回的reflect.Value都是不可取地址的。但是对于d，它是c的解引用方式生成的，指向另一个变量，因此是可取地址的。我们可以通过调用reflect.ValueOf(&x).Elem()，来获取任意变量x对应的可取地址的Value。</p>
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<p>我们可以通过调用reflect.Value的CanAddr方法来判断其是否可以被取地址：</p>
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<pre><code class="language-Go">fmt.Println(a.CanAddr()) // "false"
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fmt.Println(b.CanAddr()) // "false"
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fmt.Println(c.CanAddr()) // "false"
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fmt.Println(d.CanAddr()) // "true"
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</code></pre>
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<p>每当我们通过指针间接地获取的reflect.Value都是可取地址的，即使开始的是一个不可取地址的Value。在反射机制中，所有关于是否支持取地址的规则都是类似的。例如，slice的索引表达式e[i]将隐式地包含一个指针，它就是可取地址的，即使开始的e表达式不支持也没有关系。以此类推，reflect.ValueOf(e).Index(i)对应的值也是可取地址的，即使原始的reflect.ValueOf(e)不支持也没有关系。</p>
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<p>要从变量对应的可取地址的reflect.Value来访问变量需要三个步骤。第一步是调用Addr()方法，它返回一个Value，里面保存了指向变量的指针。然后是在Value上调用Interface()方法，也就是返回一个interface{}，里面包含指向变量的指针。最后，如果我们知道变量的类型，我们可以使用类型的断言机制将得到的interface{}类型的接口强制转为普通的类型指针。这样我们就可以通过这个普通指针来更新变量了：</p>
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<pre><code class="language-Go">x := 2
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d := reflect.ValueOf(&x).Elem() // d refers to the variable x
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px := d.Addr().Interface().(*int) // px := &x
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*px = 3 // x = 3
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fmt.Println(x) // "3"
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</code></pre>
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<p>或者，不使用指针，而是通过调用可取地址的reflect.Value的reflect.Value.Set方法来更新对应的值：</p>
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<pre><code class="language-Go">d.Set(reflect.ValueOf(4))
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fmt.Println(x) // "4"
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</code></pre>
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<p>Set方法将在运行时执行和编译时进行类似的可赋值性约束的检查。以上代码，变量和值都是int类型，但是如果变量是int64类型，那么程序将抛出一个panic异常，所以关键问题是要确保改类型的变量可以接受对应的值：</p>
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<pre><code class="language-Go">d.Set(reflect.ValueOf(int64(5))) // panic: int64 is not assignable to int
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</code></pre>
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<p>同样，对一个不可取地址的reflect.Value调用Set方法也会导致panic异常：</p>
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<pre><code class="language-Go">x := 2
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b := reflect.ValueOf(x)
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b.Set(reflect.ValueOf(3)) // panic: Set using unaddressable value
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</code></pre>
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<p>这里有很多用于基本数据类型的Set方法：SetInt、SetUint、SetString和SetFloat等。</p>
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<pre><code class="language-Go">d := reflect.ValueOf(&x).Elem()
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d.SetInt(3)
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fmt.Println(x) // "3"
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</code></pre>
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<p>从某种程度上说，这些Set方法总是尽可能地完成任务。以SetInt为例，只要变量是某种类型的有符号整数就可以工作，即使是一些命名的类型、甚至只要底层数据类型是有符号整数就可以，而且如果对于变量类型值太大的话会被自动截断。但需要谨慎的是：对于一个引用interface{}类型的reflect.Value调用SetInt会导致panic异常，即使那个interface{}变量对于整数类型也不行。</p>
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<pre><code class="language-Go">x := 1
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rx := reflect.ValueOf(&x).Elem()
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rx.SetInt(2) // OK, x = 2
|
|||
|
|
rx.Set(reflect.ValueOf(3)) // OK, x = 3
|
|||
|
|
rx.SetString("hello") // panic: string is not assignable to int
|
|||
|
|
rx.Set(reflect.ValueOf("hello")) // panic: string is not assignable to int
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
var y interface{}
|
|||
|
|
ry := reflect.ValueOf(&y).Elem()
|
|||
|
|
ry.SetInt(2) // panic: SetInt called on interface Value
|
|||
|
|
ry.Set(reflect.ValueOf(3)) // OK, y = int(3)
|
|||
|
|
ry.SetString("hello") // panic: SetString called on interface Value
|
|||
|
|
ry.Set(reflect.ValueOf("hello")) // OK, y = "hello"
|
|||
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|||
|
|
<p>当我们用Display显示os.Stdout结构时，我们发现反射可以越过Go语言的导出规则的限制读取结构体中未导出的成员，比如在类Unix系统上os.File结构体中的fd int成员。然而，利用反射机制并不能修改这些未导出的成员：</p>
|
|||
|
|
<pre><code class="language-Go">stdout := reflect.ValueOf(os.Stdout).Elem() // *os.Stdout, an os.File var
|
|||
|
|
fmt.Println(stdout.Type()) // "os.File"
|
|||
|
|
fd := stdout.FieldByName("fd")
|
|||
|
|
fmt.Println(fd.Int()) // "1"
|
|||
|
|
fd.SetInt(2) // panic: unexported field
|
|||
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|||
|
|
<p>一个可取地址的reflect.Value会记录一个结构体成员是否是未导出成员，如果是的话则拒绝修改操作。因此，CanAddr方法并不能正确反映一个变量是否是可以被修改的。另一个相关的方法CanSet是用于检查对应的reflect.Value是否是可取地址并可被修改的：</p>
|
|||
|
|
<pre><code class="language-Go">fmt.Println(fd.CanAddr(), fd.CanSet()) // "true false"
|
|||
|
|
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|
|||
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