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<ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="../index.html">Go语言圣经</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="../preface.html">前言</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> 入门</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-01.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.1.</strong> Hello, World</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-02.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.</strong> 命令行参数</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-03.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.3.</strong> 查找重复的行</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-04.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.4.</strong> GIF动画</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-05.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.5.</strong> 获取URL</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-06.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.6.</strong> 并发获取多个URL</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-07.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.7.</strong> Web服务</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-08.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.8.</strong> 本章要点</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> 程序结构</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-01.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.</strong> 命名</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-02.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.</strong> 声明</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-03.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.</strong> 变量</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-04.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.</strong> 赋值</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-05.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.5.</strong> 类型</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-06.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.6.</strong> 包和文件</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-07.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.7.</strong> 作用域</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> 基础数据类型</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3-01.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> 整型</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3-02.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> 浮点数</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3-03.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> 复数</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3-04.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> 布尔型</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3-05.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> 字符串</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3-06.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> 常量</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> 复合数据类型</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4-01.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> 数组</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4-02.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> Slice</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4-03.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> Map</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4-04.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.4.</strong> 结构体</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4-05.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.5.</strong> JSON</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4-06.html"><strong aria-hidd
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<li><em>KusonStack一站式可编程配置技术栈: <a href="https://github.com/KusionStack/kusion">https://github.com/KusionStack/kusion</a></em></li>
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<li><em>凹语言™: <a href="https://github.com/wa-lang/wa">https://github.com/wa-lang/wa</a></em></li>
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<h2 id="133-示例-深度相等判断"><a class="header" href="#133-示例-深度相等判断">13.3. 示例: 深度相等判断</a></h2>
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<p>来自reflect包的DeepEqual函数可以对两个值进行深度相等判断。DeepEqual函数使用内建的==比较操作符对基础类型进行相等判断，对于复合类型则递归该变量的每个基础类型然后做类似的比较判断。因为它可以工作在任意的类型上，甚至对于一些不支持==操作运算符的类型也可以工作，因此在一些测试代码中广泛地使用该函数。比如下面的代码是用DeepEqual函数比较两个字符串slice是否相等。</p>
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<pre><code class="language-Go">func TestSplit(t *testing.T) {
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got := strings.Split("a:b:c", ":")
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want := []string{"a", "b", "c"};
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if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, want) { /* ... */ }
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}
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</code></pre>
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<p>尽管DeepEqual函数很方便，而且可以支持任意的数据类型，但是它也有不足之处。例如，它将一个nil值的map和非nil值但是空的map视作不相等，同样nil值的slice 和非nil但是空的slice也视作不相等。</p>
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<pre><code class="language-Go">var a, b []string = nil, []string{}
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fmt.Println(reflect.DeepEqual(a, b)) // "false"
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var c, d map[string]int = nil, make(map[string]int)
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fmt.Println(reflect.DeepEqual(c, d)) // "false"
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</code></pre>
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<p>我们希望在这里实现一个自己的Equal函数，用于比较类型的值。和DeepEqual函数类似的地方是它也是基于slice和map的每个元素进行递归比较，不同之处是它将nil值的slice（map类似）和非nil值但是空的slice视作相等的值。基础部分的比较可以基于reflect包完成，和12.3章的Display函数的实现方法类似。同样，我们也定义了一个内部函数equal，用于内部的递归比较。读者目前不用关心seen参数的具体含义。对于每一对需要比较的x和y，equal函数首先检测它们是否都有效（或都无效），然后检测它们是否是相同的类型。剩下的部分是一个巨大的switch分支，用于相同基础类型的元素比较。因为页面空间的限制，我们省略了一些相似的分支。</p>
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<p><u><i>gopl.io/ch13/equal</i></u></p>
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<pre><code class="language-Go">func equal(x, y reflect.Value, seen map[comparison]bool) bool {
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if !x.IsValid() || !y.IsValid() {
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return x.IsValid() == y.IsValid()
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}
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if x.Type() != y.Type() {
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return false
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}
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// ...cycle check omitted (shown later)...
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switch x.Kind() {
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case reflect.Bool:
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return x.Bool() == y.Bool()
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case reflect.String:
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return x.String() == y.String()
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// ...numeric cases omitted for brevity...
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case reflect.Chan, reflect.UnsafePointer, reflect.Func:
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return x.Pointer() == y.Pointer()
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case reflect.Ptr, reflect.Interface:
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return equal(x.Elem(), y.Elem(), seen)
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case reflect.Array, reflect.Slice:
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if x.Len() != y.Len() {
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return false
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}
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for i := 0; i < x.Len(); i++ {
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if !equal(x.Index(i), y.Index(i), seen) {
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return false
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}
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}
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return true
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// ...struct and map cases omitted for brevity...
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}
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panic("unreachable")
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}
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</code></pre>
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<p>和前面的建议一样，我们并不公开reflect包相关的接口，所以导出的函数需要在内部自己将变量转为reflect.Value类型。</p>
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<pre><code class="language-Go">// Equal reports whether x and y are deeply equal.
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func Equal(x, y interface{}) bool {
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seen := make(map[comparison]bool)
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return equal(reflect.ValueOf(x), reflect.ValueOf(y), seen)
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}
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type comparison struct {
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x, y unsafe.Pointer
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t reflect.Type
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}
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</code></pre>
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<p>为了确保算法对于有环的数据结构也能正常退出，我们必须记录每次已经比较的变量，从而避免进入第二次的比较。Equal函数分配了一组用于比较的结构体，包含每对比较对象的地址（unsafe.Pointer形式保存）和类型。我们要记录类型的原因是，有些不同的变量可能对应相同的地址。例如，如果x和y都是数组类型，那么x和x[0]将对应相同的地址，y和y[0]也是对应相同的地址，这可以用于区分x与y之间的比较或x[0]与y[0]之间的比较是否进行过了。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<pre><code class="language-Go">// cycle check
|
|||
|
|
if x.CanAddr() && y.CanAddr() {
|
|||
|
|
xptr := unsafe.Pointer(x.UnsafeAddr())
|
|||
|
|
yptr := unsafe.Pointer(y.UnsafeAddr())
|
|||
|
|
if xptr == yptr {
|
|||
|
|
return true // identical references
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
c := comparison{xptr, yptr, x.Type()}
|
|||
|
|
if seen[c] {
|
|||
|
|
return true // already seen
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
seen[c] = true
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|||
|
|
<p>这是Equal函数用法的例子:</p>
|
|||
|
|
<pre><code class="language-Go">fmt.Println(Equal([]int{1, 2, 3}, []int{1, 2, 3})) // "true"
|
|||
|
|
fmt.Println(Equal([]string{"foo"}, []string{"bar"})) // "false"
|
|||
|
|
fmt.Println(Equal([]string(nil), []string{})) // "true"
|
|||
|
|
fmt.Println(Equal(map[string]int(nil), map[string]int{})) // "true"
|
|||
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|||
|
|
<p>Equal函数甚至可以处理类似12.3章中导致Display陷入死循环的带有环的数据。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<pre><code class="language-Go">// Circular linked lists a -> b -> a and c -> c.
|
|||
|
|
type link struct {
|
|||
|
|
value string
|
|||
|
|
tail *link
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
a, b, c := &link{value: "a"}, &link{value: "b"}, &link{value: "c"}
|
|||
|
|
a.tail, b.tail, c.tail = b, a, c
|
|||
|
|
fmt.Println(Equal(a, a)) // "true"
|
|||
|
|
fmt.Println(Equal(b, b)) // "true"
|
|||
|
|
fmt.Println(Equal(c, c)) // "true"
|
|||
|
|
fmt.Println(Equal(a, b)) // "false"
|
|||
|
|
fmt.Println(Equal(a, c)) // "false"
|
|||
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>练习 13.1：</strong> 定义一个深比较函数，对于十亿以内的数字比较，忽略类型差异。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>练习 13.2：</strong> 编写一个函数，报告其参数是否为循环数据结构。</p>
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