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<ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="../index.html">Go语言圣经</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="../preface.html">前言</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> 入门</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-01.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.1.</strong> Hello, World</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-02.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.</strong> 命令行参数</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-03.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.3.</strong> 查找重复的行</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-04.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.4.</strong> GIF动画</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-05.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.5.</strong> 获取URL</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-06.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.6.</strong> 并发获取多个URL</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-07.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.7.</strong> Web服务</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-08.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.8.</strong> 本章要点</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> 程序结构</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-01.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.</strong> 命名</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-02.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.</strong> 声明</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-03.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.</strong> 变量</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-04.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.</strong> 赋值</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-05.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.5.</strong> 类型</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-06.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.6.</strong> 包和文件</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-07.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.7.</strong> 作用域</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> 基础数据类型</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3-01.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> 整型</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3-02.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> 浮点数</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3-03.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> 复数</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3-04.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> 布尔型</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3-05.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> 字符串</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3-06.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> 常量</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> 复合数据类型</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4-01.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> 数组</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4-02.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> Slice</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4-03.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> Map</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4-04.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.4.</strong> 结构体</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4-05.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.5.</strong> JSON</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4-06.html"><s
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<li><em>KusonStack一站式可编程配置技术栈: <a href="https://github.com/KusionStack/kusion">https://github.com/KusionStack/kusion</a></em></li>
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<li><em>凹语言™: <a href="https://github.com/wa-lang/wa">https://github.com/wa-lang/wa</a></em></li>
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<h2 id="21-命名"><a class="header" href="#21-命名">2.1. 命名</a></h2>
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<p>Go语言中的函数名、变量名、常量名、类型名、语句标号和包名等所有的命名，都遵循一个简单的命名规则：一个名字必须以一个字母（Unicode字母）或下划线开头，后面可以跟任意数量的字母、数字或下划线。大写字母和小写字母是不同的：heapSort和Heapsort是两个不同的名字。</p>
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<p>Go语言中类似if和switch的关键字有25个；关键字不能用于自定义名字，只能在特定语法结构中使用。</p>
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<pre><code>break default func interface select
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case defer go map struct
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chan else goto package switch
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const fallthrough if range type
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continue for import return var
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</code></pre>
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<p>此外，还有大约30多个预定义的名字，比如int和true等，主要对应内建的常量、类型和函数。</p>
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<pre><code>内建常量: true false iota nil
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内建类型: int int8 int16 int32 int64
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uint uint8 uint16 uint32 uint64 uintptr
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float32 float64 complex128 complex64
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bool byte rune string error
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内建函数: make len cap new append copy close delete
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complex real imag
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panic recover
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</code></pre>
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<p>这些内部预先定义的名字并不是关键字，你可以在定义中重新使用它们。在一些特殊的场景中重新定义它们也是有意义的，但是也要注意避免过度而引起语义混乱。</p>
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<p>如果一个名字是在函数内部定义，那么它就只在函数内部有效。如果是在函数外部定义，那么将在当前包的所有文件中都可以访问。名字的开头字母的大小写决定了名字在包外的可见性。如果一个名字是大写字母开头的（译注：必须是在函数外部定义的包级名字；包级函数名本身也是包级名字），那么它将是导出的，也就是说可以被外部的包访问，例如fmt包的Printf函数就是导出的，可以在fmt包外部访问。包本身的名字一般总是用小写字母。</p>
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<p>名字的长度没有逻辑限制，但是Go语言的风格是尽量使用短小的名字，对于局部变量尤其是这样；你会经常看到i之类的短名字，而不是冗长的theLoopIndex命名。通常来说，如果一个名字的作用域比较大，生命周期也比较长，那么用长的名字将会更有意义。</p>
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<p>在习惯上，Go语言程序员推荐使用 <strong>驼峰式</strong> 命名，当名字由几个单词组成时优先使用大小写分隔，而不是优先用下划线分隔。因此，在标准库有QuoteRuneToASCII和parseRequestLine这样的函数命名，但是一般不会用quote_rune_to_ASCII和parse_request_line这样的命名。而像ASCII和HTML这样的缩略词则避免使用大小写混合的写法，它们可能被称为htmlEscape、HTMLEscape或escapeHTML，但不会是escapeHtml。</p>
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