reduce file size
chai2010
parent
2284164524
commit
35b11c0ff4
|
|
@ -16,9 +16,30 @@ _book
|
|||
*.pdf
|
||||
|
||||
# user defined
|
||||
vendor
|
||||
docs
|
||||
tools
|
||||
vendor
|
||||
cover_bgd.png
|
||||
cover_patch.png
|
||||
/images/cover.png
|
||||
/images/gopher/go_lang_mascot_by_kirael_art-d7kunhu.gif
|
||||
zh2tw.go
|
||||
Makefile
|
||||
make.bat
|
||||
SUMMARY-github.md
|
||||
|
||||
/ch0/*.md
|
||||
/ch1/*.md
|
||||
/ch2/*.md
|
||||
/ch3/*.md
|
||||
/ch4/*.md
|
||||
/ch5/*.md
|
||||
/ch6/*.md
|
||||
/ch7/*.md
|
||||
/ch8/*.md
|
||||
/ch9/*.md
|
||||
/ch10/*.md
|
||||
/ch11/*.md
|
||||
/ch12/*.md
|
||||
/ch13/*.md
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -46,7 +42,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="14" data-chapter-title="附録" data-filepath="CONTRIBUTORS.md" data-basepath="." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="14" data-chapter-title="附録" data-filepath="CONTRIBUTORS.md" data-basepath="." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2079,14 +2075,6 @@
|
|||
<script src="gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2096,7 +2084,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
39
Makefile
39
Makefile
|
|
@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
|
|||
# Copyright 2015 Golang-China. All rights reserved.
|
||||
# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
|
||||
# license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
|
||||
|
||||
# install gitbook
|
||||
# npm install gitbook-cli -g
|
||||
|
||||
# https://github.com/GitbookIO/gitbook
|
||||
# https://github.com/wastemobile/gitbook
|
||||
|
||||
# http://www.imagemagick.org/
|
||||
|
||||
default:
|
||||
gitbook build
|
||||
|
||||
zh2tw:
|
||||
go run zh2tw.go . .md$$
|
||||
|
||||
tw2zh:
|
||||
go run zh2tw.go . .md$$ tw2zh
|
||||
|
||||
loop:
|
||||
go run zh2tw.go . .md$$ tw2zh
|
||||
go run zh2tw.go . .md$$ zh2tw
|
||||
|
||||
review:
|
||||
go run zh2tw.go . .md$$ tw2zh
|
||||
gitbook build
|
||||
go run zh2tw.go . .md$$ zh2tw
|
||||
|
||||
cover:
|
||||
composite cover_patch.png cover_bgd.png cover.jpg
|
||||
convert -resize 1800x2360! cover.jpg cover.jpg
|
||||
convert -resize 200x262! cover.jpg cover_small.jpg
|
||||
convert -quality 75% cover.jpg cover.jpg
|
||||
convert -quality 75% cover_small.jpg cover_small.jpg
|
||||
convert -strip cover.jpg cover.jpg
|
||||
convert -strip cover_small.jpg cover_small.jpg
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,153 +0,0 @@
|
|||
# Go聖經讀書筆記
|
||||
|
||||
* [前言](preface.md)
|
||||
* [0.1. Go語言起源](ch0/ch0-01.md)
|
||||
* [0.2. Go語言項目](ch0/ch0-02.md)
|
||||
* [0.3. 本書的組織](ch0/ch0-03.md)
|
||||
* [0.4. 更多的信息](ch0/ch0-04.md)
|
||||
* [0.5. 致謝](ch0/ch0-05.md)
|
||||
* [第一章 入門](ch1/ch1.md)
|
||||
* [1.1. Hello, World](ch1/ch1-01.md)
|
||||
* [1.2. 命令行參數](ch1/ch1-02.md)
|
||||
* [1.3. 査找重複的行](ch1/ch1-03.md)
|
||||
* [1.4. GIF動畵](ch1/ch1-04.md)
|
||||
* [1.5. 穫取URL](ch1/ch1-05.md)
|
||||
* [1.6. 併發穫取多個URL](ch1/ch1-06.md)
|
||||
* [1.7. Web服務](ch1/ch1-07.md)
|
||||
* [1.8. 本章要點](ch1/ch1-08.md)
|
||||
* [第二章 程序結構](ch2/ch2.md)
|
||||
* [2.1. 命名](ch2/ch2-01.md)
|
||||
* [2.2. 聲明](ch2/ch2-02.md)
|
||||
* [2.3. 變量](ch2/ch2-03.md)
|
||||
* [2.3.1. 簡短變量聲明](ch2/ch2-03-1.md)
|
||||
* [2.3.2 指針](ch2/ch2-03-2.md)
|
||||
* [2.3.3 new 函數](ch2/ch2-03-3.md)
|
||||
* [2.3.4. 變量的生命週期](ch2/ch2-03-4.md)
|
||||
* [2.4. 賦值](ch2/ch2-04.md)
|
||||
* [2.4.1. 元組賦值](ch2/ch2-04-1.md)
|
||||
* [2.4.2. 可賦值性](ch2/ch2-04-2.md)
|
||||
* [2.5. 類型](ch2/ch2-05.md)
|
||||
* [2.6. 包和文件](ch2/ch2-06.md)
|
||||
* [2.6.1. 導入包](ch2/ch2-06-1.md)
|
||||
* [2.6.2. 包的初始化](ch2/ch2-06-2.md)
|
||||
* [2.7. 作用域](ch2/ch2-07.md)
|
||||
* [第三章 基礎數據類型](ch3/ch3.md)
|
||||
* [3.1. 整型](ch3/ch3-01.md)
|
||||
* [3.2. 浮點數](ch3/ch3-02.md)
|
||||
* [3.3. 複數](ch3/ch3-03.md)
|
||||
* [3.4. 布爾型](ch3/ch3-04.md)
|
||||
* [3.5. 字符串](ch3/ch3-05.md)
|
||||
* [3.5.1. 字符串面值](ch3/ch3-05-1.md)
|
||||
* [3.5.2. Unicode](ch3/ch3-05-2.md)
|
||||
* [3.5.3. UTF-8](ch3/ch3-05-3.md)
|
||||
* [3.5.4. 字符串和Byte切片](ch3/ch3-05-4.md)
|
||||
* [3.5.5. 字符串和數字的轉換](ch3/ch3-05-5.md)
|
||||
* [3.6. 常量](ch3/ch3-06.md)
|
||||
* [3.6.1. iota 常量生成器](ch3/ch3-06-1.md)
|
||||
* [3.6.2. 無類型常量](ch3/ch3-06-2.md)
|
||||
* [第四章 複合數據類型](ch4/ch4.md)
|
||||
* [4.1. 數組](ch4/ch4-01.md)
|
||||
* [4.2. 切片](ch4/ch4-02.md)
|
||||
* [4.3. 字典](ch4/ch4-03.md)
|
||||
* [4.4. 結構體](ch4/ch4-04.md)
|
||||
* [4.5. JSON](ch4/ch4-05.md)
|
||||
* [4.6. 文本和HTML模闆](ch4/ch4-06.md)
|
||||
* [第五章 函數](ch5/ch5.md)
|
||||
* [5.1. 函數聲明](ch5/ch5-01.md)
|
||||
* [5.2. 遞歸](ch5/ch5-02.md)
|
||||
* [5.3. 多返迴值](ch5/ch5-03.md)
|
||||
* [5.4. 錯誤](ch5/ch5-04.md)
|
||||
* [5.5. 函數值](ch5/ch5-05.md)
|
||||
* [5.6. 匿名函數](ch5/ch5-06.md)
|
||||
* [5.7. 可變參數](ch5/ch5-07.md)
|
||||
* [5.8. Deferred函數](ch5/ch5-08.md)
|
||||
* [5.9. Panic異常](ch5/ch5-09.md)
|
||||
* [5.10. Recover捕穫異常](ch5/ch5-10.md)
|
||||
* [第六章 方法](ch6/ch6.md)
|
||||
* [6.1. 方法聲明](ch6/ch6-01.md)
|
||||
* [6.2. 基於指針對象的方法](ch6/ch6-02.md)
|
||||
* [6.3. 通過嵌入結構體來擴展類型](ch6/ch6-03.md)
|
||||
* [6.4. 方法值和方法表達式](ch6/ch6-04.md)
|
||||
* [6.5. 示例: Bit數組](ch6/ch6-05.md)
|
||||
* [6.6. 封裝](ch6/ch6-06.md)
|
||||
* [第七章 接口](ch7/ch7.md)
|
||||
* [7.1. 接口是合約](ch7/ch7-01.md)
|
||||
* [7.2. 接口類型](ch7/ch7-02.md)
|
||||
* [7.3. 實現接口的條件](ch7/ch7-03.md)
|
||||
* [7.4. flag.Value接口](ch7/ch7-04.md)
|
||||
* [7.5. 接口值](ch7/ch7-05.md)
|
||||
* [7.6. sort.Interface接口](ch7/ch7-06.md)
|
||||
* [7.7. http.Handler接口](ch7/ch7-07.md)
|
||||
* [7.8. error接口](ch7/ch7-08.md)
|
||||
* [7.9. 示例: 表達式求值](ch7/ch7-09.md)
|
||||
* [7.10. 類型斷言](ch7/ch7-10.md)
|
||||
* [7.11. 基於類型斷言識别錯誤類型](ch7/ch7-11.md)
|
||||
* [7.12. 通過類型斷言査詢接口](ch7/ch7-12.md)
|
||||
* [7.13. 類型分支](ch7/ch7-13.md)
|
||||
* [7.14. 示例: 基於標記的XML解碼](ch7/ch7-14.md)
|
||||
* [7.15. 補充幾點](ch7/ch7-15.md)
|
||||
* [第八章 Goroutines和Channels](ch8/ch8.md)
|
||||
* [8.1. Goroutines](ch8/ch8-01.md)
|
||||
* [8.2. 示例: 併發的Clock服務](ch8/ch8-02.md)
|
||||
* [8.3. 示例: 併發的Echo服務](ch8/ch8-03.md)
|
||||
* [8.4. Channels](ch8/ch8-04.md)
|
||||
* [8.5. 併行的循環](ch8/ch8-05.md)
|
||||
* [8.6. 示例: 併發的Web爬蟲](ch8/ch8-06.md)
|
||||
* [8.7. 基於select的多路複用](ch8/ch8-07.md)
|
||||
* [8.8. 示例: 併發的字典遍歷](ch8/ch8-08.md)
|
||||
* [8.9. 併發的退齣](ch8/ch8-09.md)
|
||||
* [8.10. 示例: 聊天服務](ch8/ch8-10.md)
|
||||
* [第九章 基於共享變量的併發](ch9/ch9.md)
|
||||
* [9.1. 競爭條件](ch9/ch9-01.md)
|
||||
* [9.2. sync.Mutex互斥鎖](ch9/ch9-02.md)
|
||||
* [9.3. sync.RWMutex讀寫鎖](ch9/ch9-03.md)
|
||||
* [9.4. 內存同步](ch9/ch9-04.md)
|
||||
* [9.5. sync.Once初始化](ch9/ch9-05.md)
|
||||
* [9.6. 競爭條件檢測](ch9/ch9-06.md)
|
||||
* [9.7. 示例: 併發的非阻塞緩存](ch9/ch9-07.md)
|
||||
* [9.8. Goroutines和線程](ch9/ch9-08.md)
|
||||
* [第十章 包和工具](ch10/ch10.md)
|
||||
* [10.1. 簡介](ch10/ch10-01.md)
|
||||
* [10.2. 導入路徑](ch10/ch10-02.md)
|
||||
* [10.3. 包聲明](ch10/ch10-03.md)
|
||||
* [10.4. 導入聲明](ch10/ch10-04.md)
|
||||
* [10.5. 匿名導入](ch10/ch10-05.md)
|
||||
* [10.6. 包和命名](ch10/ch10-06.md)
|
||||
* [10.7. 工具](ch10/ch10-07.md)
|
||||
* [10.7.1. 工作區結構](ch10/ch10-07-1.md)
|
||||
* [10.7.2. 下載包](ch10/ch10-07-2.md)
|
||||
* [10.7.3. 構建包](ch10/ch10-07-3.md)
|
||||
* [10.7.4. 包文檔](ch10/ch10-07-4.md)
|
||||
* [10.7.5. 內部包](ch10/ch10-07-5.md)
|
||||
* [10.7.6. 査詢包](ch10/ch10-07-6.md)
|
||||
* [第十一章 測試](ch11/ch11.md)
|
||||
* [11.1. go test](ch11/ch11-01.md)
|
||||
* [11.2. 測試函數](ch11/ch11-02.md)
|
||||
* [11.2.1. 隨機測試](ch11/ch11-02-1.md)
|
||||
* [11.2.2. 測試一個命令](ch11/ch11-02-2.md)
|
||||
* [11.2.3. 白盒測試](ch11/ch11-02-3.md)
|
||||
* [11.2.4. 擴展測試包](ch11/ch11-02-4.md)
|
||||
* [11.2.5. 編寫有效的測試](ch11/ch11-02-5.md)
|
||||
* [11.2.6. 避免的不穩定的測試](ch11/ch11-02-6.md)
|
||||
* [11.3. 測試覆蓋率](ch11/ch11-03.md)
|
||||
* [11.4. 基準測試](ch11/ch11-04.md)
|
||||
* [11.5. 剖析](ch11/ch11-05.md)
|
||||
* [11.6. 示例函數](ch11/ch11-06.md)
|
||||
* [第十二章 反射](ch12/ch12.md)
|
||||
* [12.1. 爲何需要反射?](ch12/ch12-01.md)
|
||||
* [12.2. reflect.Type和reflect.Value](ch12/ch12-02.md)
|
||||
* [12.3. Display遞歸打印](ch12/ch12-03.md)
|
||||
* [12.4. 示例: 編碼S表達式](ch12/ch12-04.md)
|
||||
* [12.5. 通過reflect.Value脩改值](ch12/ch12-05.md)
|
||||
* [12.6. 示例: 解碼S表達式](ch12/ch12-06.md)
|
||||
* [12.7. 穫取結構體字段標識](ch12/ch12-07.md)
|
||||
* [12.8. 顯示一個類型的方法集](ch12/ch12-08.md)
|
||||
* [12.9. 幾點忠告](ch12/ch12-09.md)
|
||||
* [第十三章 底層編程](ch13/ch13.md)
|
||||
* [13.1. unsafe.Sizeof, Alignof 和 Offsetof](ch13/ch13-01.md)
|
||||
* [13.2. unsafe.Pointer](ch13/ch13-02.md)
|
||||
* [13.3. 示例: 深度相等判斷](ch13/ch13-03.md)
|
||||
* [13.4. 通過cgo調用C代碼](ch13/ch13-04.md)
|
||||
* [13.5. 幾點忠告](ch13/ch13-05.md)
|
||||
* [附録](CONTRIBUTORS.md)
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="0.1" data-chapter-title="Go語言起源" data-filepath="ch0/ch0-01.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="0.1" data-chapter-title="Go語言起源" data-filepath="ch0/ch0-01.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2055,14 +2051,6 @@
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2072,7 +2060,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="0.2" data-chapter-title="Go語言項目" data-filepath="ch0/ch0-02.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="0.2" data-chapter-title="Go語言項目" data-filepath="ch0/ch0-02.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2053,14 +2049,6 @@
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2070,7 +2058,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="0.3" data-chapter-title="本書的組織" data-filepath="ch0/ch0-03.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="0.3" data-chapter-title="本書的組織" data-filepath="ch0/ch0-03.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2066,14 +2062,6 @@ go version go1.5 linux/amd64
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2083,7 +2071,7 @@ go version go1.5 linux/amd64
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="0.4" data-chapter-title="更多的信息" data-filepath="ch0/ch0-04.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="0.4" data-chapter-title="更多的信息" data-filepath="ch0/ch0-04.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2052,14 +2048,6 @@
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2069,7 +2057,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="0.5" data-chapter-title="致謝" data-filepath="ch0/ch0-05.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="0.5" data-chapter-title="致謝" data-filepath="ch0/ch0-05.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2052,14 +2048,6 @@
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2069,7 +2057,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="1.1" data-chapter-title="Hello, World" data-filepath="ch1/ch1-01.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="1.1" data-chapter-title="Hello, World" data-filepath="ch1/ch1-01.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2082,14 +2078,6 @@ Hello, 世界
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2099,7 +2087,7 @@ Hello, 世界
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="1.2" data-chapter-title="命令行參數" data-filepath="ch1/ch1-02.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="1.2" data-chapter-title="命令行參數" data-filepath="ch1/ch1-02.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2146,14 +2142,6 @@
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2163,7 +2151,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="1.3" data-chapter-title="査找重複的行" data-filepath="ch1/ch1-03.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="1.3" data-chapter-title="査找重複的行" data-filepath="ch1/ch1-03.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2180,14 +2176,6 @@ counts[line] = counts[line] + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2197,7 +2185,7 @@ counts[line] = counts[line] + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="1.4" data-chapter-title="GIF動畵" data-filepath="ch1/ch1-04.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="1.4" data-chapter-title="GIF動畵" data-filepath="ch1/ch1-04.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2116,14 +2112,6 @@ $ ./lissajous >out.gif
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2133,7 +2121,7 @@ $ ./lissajous >out.gif
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="1.5" data-chapter-title="穫取URL" data-filepath="ch1/ch1-05.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="1.5" data-chapter-title="穫取URL" data-filepath="ch1/ch1-05.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2093,14 +2089,6 @@ fetch: Get http://gopl.io: dial tcp: lookup gopl.io: getaddrinfow: No such host
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2110,7 +2098,7 @@ fetch: Get http://gopl.io: dial tcp: lookup gopl.io: getaddrinfow: No such host
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="1.6" data-chapter-title="併發穫取多個URL" data-filepath="ch1/ch1-06.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="1.6" data-chapter-title="併發穫取多個URL" data-filepath="ch1/ch1-06.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2101,14 +2097,6 @@ $ ./fetchall https://golang.org http://gopl.io https://godoc.org
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2118,7 +2106,7 @@ $ ./fetchall https://golang.org http://gopl.io https://godoc.org
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="1.7" data-chapter-title="Web服務" data-filepath="ch1/ch1-07.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="1.7" data-chapter-title="Web服務" data-filepath="ch1/ch1-07.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2164,14 +2160,6 @@ http.HandleFunc(<span class="hljs-string">"/"</span>, handler)
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2181,7 +2169,7 @@ http.HandleFunc(<span class="hljs-string">"/"</span>, handler)
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="1.8" data-chapter-title="本章要點" data-filepath="ch1/ch1-08.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="1.8" data-chapter-title="本章要點" data-filepath="ch1/ch1-08.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2092,14 +2088,6 @@ func ListenAndServe(addr string, handler Handler) error
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2109,7 +2097,7 @@ func ListenAndServe(addr string, handler Handler) error
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
16
ch1/ch1.html
16
ch1/ch1.html
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="1" data-chapter-title="入門" data-filepath="ch1/ch1.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="1" data-chapter-title="入門" data-filepath="ch1/ch1.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2048,14 +2044,6 @@
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2065,7 +2053,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="10.1" data-chapter-title="簡介" data-filepath="ch10/ch10-01.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="10.1" data-chapter-title="簡介" data-filepath="ch10/ch10-01.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2050,14 +2046,6 @@
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2067,7 +2055,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="10.2" data-chapter-title="導入路徑" data-filepath="ch10/ch10-02.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="10.2" data-chapter-title="導入路徑" data-filepath="ch10/ch10-02.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2060,14 +2056,6 @@
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2077,7 +2065,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="10.3" data-chapter-title="包聲明" data-filepath="ch10/ch10-03.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="10.3" data-chapter-title="包聲明" data-filepath="ch10/ch10-03.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2063,14 +2059,6 @@
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2080,7 +2068,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="10.4" data-chapter-title="導入聲明" data-filepath="ch10/ch10-04.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="10.4" data-chapter-title="導入聲明" data-filepath="ch10/ch10-04.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2074,14 +2070,6 @@
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2091,7 +2079,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="10.5" data-chapter-title="匿名導入" data-filepath="ch10/ch10-05.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="10.5" data-chapter-title="匿名導入" data-filepath="ch10/ch10-05.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2115,14 +2111,6 @@ db, err = sql.Open(<span class="hljs-string">"sqlite3"</span>, dbname)
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2132,7 +2120,7 @@ db, err = sql.Open(<span class="hljs-string">"sqlite3"</span>, dbname)
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="10.6" data-chapter-title="包和命名" data-filepath="ch10/ch10-06.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="10.6" data-chapter-title="包和命名" data-filepath="ch10/ch10-06.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2076,14 +2072,6 @@
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2093,7 +2081,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
|
|||
### 10.7.1. 工作區結構
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
對於大多數的Go用戶, 隻需要配置一個名叫GOPATH的環境變量, 用來指定根工作目録卽可. 當需要切換到不同工作區的時候, 隻要更新GOPATH就可以了. 例如, 我們在編寫本書時, 將GOPATH設置爲 `$HOME/gobook`:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ export GOPATH=$HOME/gobook
|
||||
$ go get gopl.io/...
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
當你用前面介紹的命令下載本書全部的程序之後, 你的當前工作區的目録結構是這樣的:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
GOPATH/
|
||||
src/
|
||||
gopl.io/
|
||||
.git/
|
||||
ch1/
|
||||
helloworld/
|
||||
main.go
|
||||
dup/
|
||||
main.go
|
||||
...
|
||||
golang.org/x/net/
|
||||
.git/
|
||||
html/
|
||||
parse.go
|
||||
node.go
|
||||
...
|
||||
bin/
|
||||
helloworld
|
||||
dup
|
||||
pkg/
|
||||
darwin_amd64/
|
||||
...
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
GOPATH對應的目録有三個子目録. 其中 src 子目録用於存儲源代碼. 每個包保存在$GOPATH/src的相對路徑爲包導入路徑的子目録中, 例如 gopl.io/ch1/helloworld 相對路徑. 我們看到, 一個GOPATH工作區的src目録中可能有多個獨立的版本控製, 例如 gopl.io 或 golang.org. 其中 pkg 子目録用於保存編譯後的包的目標文件, bin 子目録用於保存編譯後的可執行程序, 例如 helloworld 程序.
|
||||
|
||||
第二個環境變量 GOROOT 用來指定Go的安裝目録, 還有它自帶的標準庫包的位置. GOROOT 的目録結構和 GOPATH 類似, 因此存放 fmt 包的源代碼目録爲 $GOROOT/src/fmt. 用戶一般不需要設置 GOROOT, 默認情況下, Go工具會設置爲安裝的位置.
|
||||
|
||||
其中 `go env` 命令用於査看工具涉及的所有環境變量的值, 包括未設置環境變量的默認值. GOOS 用於指定目標操作繫統(例如 android, linux, darwin, 或 windows), GOARCH 用於指定處理器的類型, 例如 amd64, 386, 或 arm. 雖然 GOPATH 是唯一必需要設置的, 但是其它的也有偶爾用到.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ go env
|
||||
GOPATH="/home/gopher/gobook"
|
||||
GOROOT="/usr/local/go"
|
||||
GOARCH="amd64"
|
||||
GOOS="darwin"
|
||||
...
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
|
|||
### 10.7.2. 下載包
|
||||
|
||||
使用Go工具, 不僅可以根據包導入路徑找到本地工作區的包, 甚至可以從互聯網上找到和更新包.
|
||||
|
||||
使用命令 `go get` 可以下載一個單一的包或者用 `...` 下載整個子目録里面的每個包. Go工具同時計算併下載所依賴的每個包, 這也是前一個例子中 golang.org/x/net/html 自動齣現在本地工作區目録的原因.
|
||||
|
||||
一旦 `go get` 命令下載了包, 然後就是安裝包或包對應的命令. 我們將在下一節再關註它的細節, 現在隻是展示下整個過程是如何的簡單. 第一個命令是穫取 golint 工具, 用於檢測Go源代碼的編程風格是否有問題. 第二個命令是用 golint 對 2.6.2節的 gopl.io/ch2/popcount 包代碼進行編碼風格檢査. 它友好地報告了忘記了包的文檔:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ go get github.com/golang/lint/golint
|
||||
$ $GOPATH/bin/golint gopl.io/ch2/popcount
|
||||
src/gopl.io/ch2/popcount/main.go:1:1:
|
||||
package comment should be of the form "Package popcount ..."
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
`go get` 命令支持當前流行的託管網站 GitHub, Bitbucket, 和 Launchpad, 可以直接從它們的版本控製繫統請求代碼. 對於其他的網站, 你可能需要指定版本控製繫統的具體路徑和協議, 例如 Git 或 Mercurial. 運行 `go help importpath` 穫取更新的信息.
|
||||
|
||||
`go get` 穫取的代碼是眞實的本地存儲倉庫, 不僅僅隻是複製文件, 因此你依然可以使用版本管理工具比較本地代碼的變更, 或者切換到其他的版本. 例如 golang.org/x/net 目録對應一個 Git 倉庫:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ cd $GOPATH/src/golang.org/x/net
|
||||
$ git remote -v
|
||||
origin https://go.googlesource.com/net (fetch)
|
||||
origin https://go.googlesource.com/net (push)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
需要註意的是導入路徑含有的網站域名和本地Git倉庫遠程的Git服務地址併不相同, 眞實的Git地址是 go.googlesource.com. 這其實是Go工具箱的一個特性, 可以讓包用一個自定義的導入路徑, 但是眞實的代碼卻是由更通用的服務提供, 例如 googlesource.com 或 github.com. 頁面 https://golang.org/x/net/html 包含了如下的元數據, 告訴 Go 工具Git倉庫的眞實託管地址:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ go build gopl.io/ch1/fetch
|
||||
$ ./fetch https://golang.org/x/net/html | grep go-import
|
||||
<meta name="go-import"
|
||||
content="golang.org/x/net git https://go.googlesource.com/net">
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
如果指定 `-u` 命令行標誌參數, `go get` 將確保所有的包和依賴的包的版本都是最新的, 然後編譯和安裝它們. 如果不包含該標誌參數, 如果包已經在本地存在, 那麽將不會被更新.
|
||||
|
||||
`go get -u` 命令隻是簡單地保證每個包是最新版本, 如果你是第一次下載則比較很方便的; 但是如果是發布程序則可能是不合適的, 因爲本地程序可能需要對依賴的包做精確的版本依賴管理. 通常的解決方案是使用 vendor 目録存儲固定版本的代碼, 對本地依賴的包的版本更新也是謹慎和持續可控的. 在 Go 1.5 之前, 一般需要脩改包的導入路徑, 所以複製後 golang.org/x/net/html 導入路徑可能會變爲 gopl.io/vendor/golang.org/x/net/html. 最新的Go工具已經支持 vendor 特性, 但限於篇幅這里併不討論細節. 不過可以通過 `go help gopath` 目録査看 Vendor 目録的幫助.
|
||||
|
||||
**練習 10.3:** 從 http://gopl.io/ch1/helloworld?go-get=1 穫取內容, 査看本書的代碼的眞實託管的網址(`go get`請求HTML頁面時包含了 `go-get` 參數, 以區别普通的瀏覽器請求.)
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,112 +0,0 @@
|
|||
### 10.7.3. 構建包
|
||||
|
||||
`go build` 命令編譯參數指定的每個包. 如果包是一個庫, 則忽略輸齣結果; 這可以用於檢測包的可以正確編譯的.
|
||||
如果包的名字是 main, `go build` 將調用連接器在當前目録創建一個可執行程序; 導入路徑的最後一段作爲可執行程序的名字.
|
||||
|
||||
因爲每個目録隻包含一個包, 因此每個可執行程序後者叫Unix術語中的命令, 會要求放到一個獨立的目録. 這些目録有時候會放在名叫 cmd 目録的子目録下面, 例如用於提供Go文檔服務的 golang.org/x/tools/cmd/godoc 命令 (§10.7.4).
|
||||
|
||||
每個包可以由它們的導入路徑指定, 就像前面看到的那樣, 或者有一個相對目録的路徑知道, 必鬚以 `.` 或 `..` 開頭. 如果沒有指定參數, 那麽默認指定爲當前的目録. 下面的命令用於構建同一個包, 雖然它們的寫法各不相同:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ cd $GOPATH/src/gopl.io/ch1/helloworld
|
||||
$ go build
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
或者:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ cd anywhere
|
||||
$ go build gopl.io/ch1/helloworld
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
或者:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ cd $GOPATH
|
||||
$ go build ./src/gopl.io/ch1/helloworld
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
但不能這樣:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ cd $GOPATH
|
||||
$ go build src/gopl.io/ch1/helloworld
|
||||
Error: cannot find package "src/gopl.io/ch1/helloworld".
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
也可以指定包的源文件列表, 一般這隻用於構建一些小程序或臨時性的實驗. 如果是main包, 將以第一個Go源文件的基礎文件名作爲可執行程序的名字.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ cat quoteargs.go
|
||||
package main
|
||||
|
||||
import (
|
||||
"fmt"
|
||||
"os"
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
func main() {
|
||||
fmt.Printf("%q\n", os.Args[1:])
|
||||
}
|
||||
$ go build quoteargs.go
|
||||
$ ./quoteargs one "two three" four\ five
|
||||
["one" "two three" "four five"]
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
特别是對於這類一次性的程序, 我們繫統盡快的構建併運行它. `go run` 命令結合了構建和運行的兩個步驟:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ go run quoteargs.go one "two three" four\ five
|
||||
["one" "two three" "four five"]
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
第一行的參數列表中第一個不是以 .go 結尾的將作爲可執行程序的參數運行.
|
||||
|
||||
默認情況下, `go build` 命令構建指定的包和它依賴的包, 然後丟棄所有除了最後的可執行文件之外的中間編譯結果. 依賴分析和編譯都是很快的, 但是隨着項目增加到幾十個包和成韆上萬行代碼, 依賴關繫分析和編譯時間的消耗將變的可觀, 可能需要幾秒種, 卽使這些依賴項沒有改變.
|
||||
|
||||
`go install` 命令和 `go build` 命令很相似, 但是它保存每個包的編譯成果, 而不是將它們都丟棄. 被編譯的包被保存到 $GOPATH/pkg 目録下和 src 目録對應, 可執行程序被保存到 $GOPATH/bin 目録. (很多用戶將 $GOPATH/bin 添加到可執行程序的蒐索列表中.) 還有, `go install` 命令和 `go build` 命令都不會重新編譯沒有發生變化的包, 這可以使後續構建更快捷. 爲了方便, `go build -i` 將安裝每個目標所依賴的包.
|
||||
|
||||
因爲編譯對應不同的操作繫統平颱和CPU架構, `go install` 會將編譯結果安裝到 GOOS 和 GOARCH 對應的目録. 例如, 在 Mac 繫統 golang.org/x/net/html 包將被安裝到 $GOPATH/pkg/darwin_amd64 目録下的 golang.org/x/net/html.a 文件.
|
||||
|
||||
針對不同操作繫統或CPU的交叉構建也是很簡單的. 隻需要設置好目標對應的GOOS 和 GOARCH, 然後運行構建目録卽可. 下面交叉編譯的程序將輸齣它在編譯時操作繫統和CPU類型:
|
||||
|
||||
```Go
|
||||
gopl.io/ch10/cross
|
||||
|
||||
func main() {
|
||||
fmt.Println(runtime.GOOS, runtime.GOARCH)
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
下面以64位和32位環境分别執行程序:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ go build gopl.io/ch10/cross
|
||||
$ ./cross
|
||||
darwin amd64
|
||||
$ GOARCH=386 go build gopl.io/ch10/cross
|
||||
$ ./cross
|
||||
darwin 386
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
有些包可能需要針對不同平颱和處理器類型輸齣不同版本的代碼, 以便於處理底層的可移植性問題或提供爲一些特點代碼提供優化. 如果一個文件名包含了一個操作繫統或處理器類型名字, 例如 net_linux.go 或 asm_amd64.s, Go工具將隻在對應的平颱編譯這些文件. 還有一個特别的構建註釋註釋可以提供更多的構建控製. 例如, 文件中如果包含下面的註釋:
|
||||
|
||||
```Go
|
||||
// +build linux darwin
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
在包聲明的前面(含包的註釋), 告訴 `go build` 隻在針對 Linux 或 Mac OS X 是纔編譯這個文件. 下面的構建註釋表示不編譯這個文件:
|
||||
|
||||
```Go
|
||||
// +build ignore
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
For more details, see the Build Constraints section of the go/build package’s documentation:
|
||||
|
||||
更多細節, 可以參考 go/build 包的構建約束部分的文檔.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ go doc go/build
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,77 +0,0 @@
|
|||
### 10.7.4. 包文檔
|
||||
|
||||
Go的編碼風格鼓勵爲每個包提供良好的文檔. 包中每個導齣的成員和包聲明前都應該包含添加目的和用法説明的註釋.
|
||||
|
||||
Go中包文檔註釋一般是完整的句子, 第一行是包的摘要説明, 註釋後僅跟着包聲明語句. 函數的參數或其他的標識符併不需要額外的引號或其他標記註明. 例如, 下面是 fmt.Fprintf 的文檔註釋.
|
||||
|
||||
```Go
|
||||
// Fprintf formats according to a format specifier and writes to w.
|
||||
// It returns the number of bytes written and any write error encountered.
|
||||
func Fprintf(w io.Writer, format string, a ...interface{}) (int, error)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Fprintf 函數格式化的細節在 fmt 包文檔中描述. 如果註釋後僅跟着包聲明語句, 那註釋對應整個包的文檔. 包文檔對應的註釋隻能有一個(譯註: 其實可以多個, 它們會組合成一個包文檔註釋.), 可以齣現在任何一個源文件中. 如果包的註釋內容比較長, 可以當到一個獨立的文件中; fmt 包註釋就有 300 行之多. 這個專門用於保證包文檔的文件通常叫 doc.go.
|
||||
|
||||
好的文檔併不需要面面俱到, 文檔本身應該是簡潔但可不忽略的. 事實上, Go的風格喜歡簡潔的文檔, 併且文檔也是需要想代碼一樣維護的. 對於一組聲明語句, 可以同一個精鍊的句子描述, 如果是顯而易見的功能則併不需要註釋.
|
||||
|
||||
在本書中, 隻要空間允許, 我們之前很多包聲明都包含了註釋文檔, 但你可以從標準庫中發現很多更好的例子. 有兩個工具可以幫到你.
|
||||
|
||||
`go doc` 命令打印包的聲明和每個成員的文檔註釋, 下面是整個包的文檔:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ go doc time
|
||||
package time // import "time"
|
||||
|
||||
Package time provides functionality for measuring and displaying time.
|
||||
|
||||
const Nanosecond Duration = 1 ...
|
||||
func After(d Duration) <-chan Time
|
||||
func Sleep(d Duration)
|
||||
func Since(t Time) Duration
|
||||
func Now() Time
|
||||
type Duration int64
|
||||
type Time struct { ... }
|
||||
...many more...
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
或者是包的一個成員的註釋文檔:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ go doc time.Since
|
||||
func Since(t Time) Duration
|
||||
|
||||
Since returns the time elapsed since t.
|
||||
It is shorthand for time.Now().Sub(t).
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
或者是包的一個方法的註釋文檔:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ go doc time.Duration.Seconds
|
||||
func (d Duration) Seconds() float64
|
||||
|
||||
Seconds returns the duration as a floating-point number of seconds.
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
該工具併不需要輸入完整的包導入路徑或正確的大小寫. 下面的命令打印 encoding/json 包的 (*json.Decoder).Decode 方法的文檔:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ go doc json.decode
|
||||
func (dec *Decoder) Decode(v interface{}) error
|
||||
|
||||
Decode reads the next JSON-encoded value from its input and stores
|
||||
it in the value pointed to by v.
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
第二個工具, 令人睏惑的也是名叫 godoc, 提供可以相互交叉引用的 HTML 頁面, 但是包含和 `go doc` 相同以及更多的信息. 10.1 節演示了 time 包的文檔, 11.6 節將看到godoc演示可以交互的示例程序. godoc 的在線服務 https://godoc.org, 包含了成韆上萬的開源包的檢索工具.
|
||||
|
||||
You can also run an instance of godoc in your workspace if you want to browse your own packages. Visit http://localhost:8000/pkg in your browser while running this command:
|
||||
|
||||
你也可以在自己的工作區目録允許 godoc 服務. 運行下面的命令, 然後在瀏覽器査看 http://localhost:8000/pkg 頁面:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ godoc -http :8000
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
其中 `-analysis=type` 和 `-analysis=pointer` 命令行標誌參數用於打開文檔和代碼中關於靜態分析的結果.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
|
|||
### 10.7.5. 內部包
|
||||
|
||||
在Go程序中, 包的封裝機製是一個重要的特性. 爲導齣的標識符隻在同一個包內部可以訪問, 導齣的標識符則是面向全世界可見.
|
||||
|
||||
有時候, 一個中間的狀態可能也是有用的, 對於一小部分信任的包是可見的, 但併不是對所有調用者都可見. 例如, 當我們計劃將一個大的包拆分爲很多小的更容易管理的子包, 但是我們併不想將內部的子包結構也完全暴露齣去. 同時, 我們肯呢個還希望在內部子包之間共享一些通用的處理包. 或者我們隻是想實驗一個新包的還併不穩定的接口, 暫時隻暴露給一些受限製的客戶端.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
爲了滿足這些需求, Go構建工具支持包含 internal 名字的路徑段的包導入路徑. 這種包叫 internal 包, 一個 internal 包隻能被有和internal目録有同一個父目録的包所導入. 例如, net/http/internal/chunked 內部包隻能被 net/http/httputil 或 net/http 導入, 但是不能被 net/url 包導入. 但是 net/url 包 可以導入 net/http/httputil.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
net/http
|
||||
net/http/internal/chunked
|
||||
net/http/httputil
|
||||
net/url
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,119 +0,0 @@
|
|||
### 10.7.6. 査詢包
|
||||
|
||||
`go list` 工具可以報告可用包的信息. 其最簡單的形式, 可以測試包是否在工作區併打印他的導入路徑:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ go list github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql
|
||||
github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
`go list` 參數還可以用 `"..."` 表示匹配任意的包的導入路徑. 我們可以用它來列表工作區中的所有包:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ go list ...
|
||||
archive/tar
|
||||
archive/zip
|
||||
bufio
|
||||
bytes
|
||||
cmd/addr2line
|
||||
cmd/api
|
||||
...many more...
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
或者是特定子目録下的所有包:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ go list gopl.io/ch3/...
|
||||
gopl.io/ch3/basename1
|
||||
gopl.io/ch3/basename2
|
||||
gopl.io/ch3/comma
|
||||
gopl.io/ch3/mandelbrot
|
||||
gopl.io/ch3/netflag
|
||||
gopl.io/ch3/printints
|
||||
gopl.io/ch3/surface
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
或者是和某個主體相關的:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ go list ...xml...
|
||||
encoding/xml
|
||||
gopl.io/ch7/xmlselect
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
`go list` 可以穫取每個包完整的元信息, 而不僅僅隻是導入路徑, 這些信息可以以不同格式提供給用戶. 其中 `-json` 標誌參數表示用JSON格式打印每個包的元信息.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ go list -json hash
|
||||
{
|
||||
"Dir": "/home/gopher/go/src/hash",
|
||||
"ImportPath": "hash",
|
||||
"Name": "hash",
|
||||
"Doc": "Package hash provides interfaces for hash functions.",
|
||||
"Target": "/home/gopher/go/pkg/darwin_amd64/hash.a",
|
||||
"Goroot": true,
|
||||
"Standard": true,
|
||||
"Root": "/home/gopher/go",
|
||||
"GoFiles": [
|
||||
"hash.go"
|
||||
],
|
||||
"Imports": [
|
||||
"io"
|
||||
],
|
||||
"Deps": [
|
||||
"errors",
|
||||
"io",
|
||||
"runtime",
|
||||
"sync",
|
||||
"sync/atomic",
|
||||
"unsafe"
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
參數 `-f` 允許用戶使用 text/template (§4.6) 的模闆語言定義輸齣文本的格式. 下面的命令打印 strconv 包的依賴的包, 然後用 join 模闆函數鏈接爲一行, 用一個空格分隔:
|
||||
|
||||
{% raw %}
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ go list -f '{{join .Deps " "}}' strconv
|
||||
errors math runtime unicode/utf8 unsafe
|
||||
```
|
||||
{% endraw %}
|
||||
|
||||
譯註: 上面的命令在 Windows 的命令行運行會遇到 `template: main:1: unclosed action` 的錯誤. 産生錯誤的原因是因爲命令行對里面的 `" "` 參數進行轉義了. 按照下面的方法解決轉義字符串的問題:
|
||||
|
||||
{% raw %}
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ go list -f "{{join .Deps \" \"}}" strconv
|
||||
```
|
||||
{% endraw %}
|
||||
|
||||
下面的命令打印 compress 子目録下所有包的依賴包列表:
|
||||
|
||||
{% raw %}
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ go list -f '{{.ImportPath}} -> {{join .Imports " "}}' compress/...
|
||||
compress/bzip2 -> bufio io sort
|
||||
compress/flate -> bufio fmt io math sort strconv
|
||||
compress/gzip -> bufio compress/flate errors fmt hash hash/crc32 io time
|
||||
compress/lzw -> bufio errors fmt io
|
||||
compress/zlib -> bufio compress/flate errors fmt hash hash/adler32 io
|
||||
```
|
||||
{% endraw %}
|
||||
|
||||
譯註: Windows 下同樣有問題, 要避免轉義字符串的問題:
|
||||
|
||||
{% raw %}
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ go list -f "{{.ImportPath}} -> {{join .Imports \" \"}}" compress/...
|
||||
```
|
||||
{% endraw %}
|
||||
|
||||
go list 命令對於一次性的交互式査詢或自動化構建和測試腳本都很有幫助. 我們將在 11.2.4節 中再次使用它. 更多的信息, 包括可設置的字段和意義, 可以用 `go help list` 命令査看.
|
||||
|
||||
在本章, 我們解釋了Go工具箱除了測試命令之外的所有重要的命令. 在下一章, 我們將看到如何用 `go test` 命令去測試Go程序.
|
||||
|
||||
**練習10.4:** 創建一個工具, 根據命令行指定的參數, 報告工作區所有依賴指定包的其他包集合. 提示: 你需要運行 `go list` 命令兩次, 一次用於初始化包, 一次用於所有包. 你可能需要用 encoding/json (§4.5) 包來分析輸齣的 JSON 格式的信息.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="10.7" data-chapter-title="工具" data-filepath="ch10/ch10-07.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="10.7" data-chapter-title="工具" data-filepath="ch10/ch10-07.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2311,14 +2307,6 @@ compress/zlib -> bufio compress/flate errors fmt hash hash/adler32 io
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2328,7 +2316,7 @@ compress/zlib -> bufio compress/flate errors fmt hash hash/adler32 io
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="10" data-chapter-title="包和工具" data-filepath="ch10/ch10.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="10" data-chapter-title="包和工具" data-filepath="ch10/ch10.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2049,14 +2045,6 @@
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2066,7 +2054,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="11.1" data-chapter-title="go test" data-filepath="ch11/ch11-01.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="11.1" data-chapter-title="go test" data-filepath="ch11/ch11-01.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2049,14 +2045,6 @@
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2066,7 +2054,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
|
|||
### 11.2.1. 隨機測試
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
表格驅動的測試便於構造基於精心挑選的測試數據的測試用例. 另一種測試思路是隨機測試, 也就是通過構造更廣泛的隨機輸入來測試探索函數的行爲.
|
||||
|
||||
那麽對於一個隨機的輸入, 我們如何能知道希望的輸齣結果呢? 這里有兩種策略. 第一個是編寫另一個函數, 使用簡單和清晰的算法, 雖然效率較低但是行爲和要測試的函數一致, 然後針對相同的隨機輸入檢査兩者的輸齣結果. 第二種是生成的隨機輸入的數據遵循特定的模式, 這樣我們就可以知道期望的輸齣的模式.
|
||||
|
||||
下面的例子使用的是第二種方法: randomPalindrome 函數用於隨機生成迴文字符串.
|
||||
|
||||
```Go
|
||||
import "math/rand"
|
||||
|
||||
// randomPalindrome returns a palindrome whose length and contents
|
||||
// are derived from the pseudo-random number generator rng.
|
||||
func randomPalindrome(rng *rand.Rand) string {
|
||||
n := rng.Intn(25) // random length up to 24
|
||||
runes := make([]rune, n)
|
||||
for i := 0; i < (n+1)/2; i++ {
|
||||
r := rune(rng.Intn(0x1000)) // random rune up to '\u0999'
|
||||
runes[i] = r
|
||||
runes[n-1-i] = r
|
||||
}
|
||||
return string(runes)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func TestRandomPalindromes(t *testing.T) {
|
||||
// Initialize a pseudo-random number generator.
|
||||
seed := time.Now().UTC().UnixNano()
|
||||
t.Logf("Random seed: %d", seed)
|
||||
rng := rand.New(rand.NewSource(seed))
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
for i := 0; i < 1000; i++ {
|
||||
p := randomPalindrome(rng)
|
||||
if !IsPalindrome(p) {
|
||||
t.Errorf("IsPalindrome(%q) = false", p)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
雖然隨機測試有不確定因素, 但是它也是至關重要的, 我們可以從失敗測試的日誌穫取足夠的信息. 在我們的例子中, 輸入 IsPalindrome 的 p 參數將告訴我們眞實的數據, 但是對於函數將接受更複雜的輸入, 不需要保存所有的輸入, 隻要日誌中簡單地記録隨機數種子卽可(像上面的方式). 有了這些隨機數初始化種子, 我們可以很容易脩改測試代碼以重現失敗的隨機測試.
|
||||
|
||||
通過使用當前時間作爲隨機種子, 在整個過程中的每次運行測試命令時都將探索新的隨機數據. 如果你使用的是定期運行的自動化測試集成繫統, 隨機測試將特别有價值.
|
||||
|
||||
**練習 11.3:** TestRandomPalindromes 隻測試了迴文字符串. 編寫新的隨機測試生成器, 用於測試隨機生成的非迴文字符串.
|
||||
|
||||
**練習 11.4:** 脩改 randomPalindrome 函數, 以探索 IsPalindrome 對標點和空格的處理.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,108 +0,0 @@
|
|||
### 11.2.2. 測試一個命令
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
對於測試包 `go test` 是一個的有用的工具, 但是稍加努力我們也可以用它來測試可執行程序. 如果一個包的名字是 main, 那麽在構建時會生成一個可執行程序, 不過 main 包可以作爲一個包被測試器代碼導入.
|
||||
|
||||
讓我們爲 2.3.2節 的 echo 程序編寫一個測試. 我們先將程序拆分爲兩個函數: echo 函數完成眞正的工作, main 函數用於處理命令行輸入參數和echo可能返迴的錯誤.
|
||||
|
||||
```Go
|
||||
gopl.io/ch11/echo
|
||||
// Echo prints its command-line arguments.
|
||||
package main
|
||||
|
||||
import (
|
||||
"flag"
|
||||
"fmt"
|
||||
"io"
|
||||
"os"
|
||||
"strings"
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
var (
|
||||
n = flag.Bool("n", false, "omit trailing newline")
|
||||
s = flag.String("s", " ", "separator")
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
var out io.Writer = os.Stdout // modified during testing
|
||||
|
||||
func main() {
|
||||
flag.Parse()
|
||||
if err := echo(!*n, *s, flag.Args()); err != nil {
|
||||
fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "echo: %v\n", err)
|
||||
os.Exit(1)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func echo(newline bool, sep string, args []string) error {
|
||||
fmt.Fprint(out, strings.Join(args, sep))
|
||||
if newline {
|
||||
fmt.Fprintln(out)
|
||||
}
|
||||
return nil
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
在測試中嗎我們可以用各種參數和標標誌調用 echo 函數, 然後檢測它的輸齣是否正確, 我們通過增加參數來減少 echo 函數對全局變量的依賴. 我們還增加了一個全局名爲 out 的變量來替代直接使用 os.Stdout, 這樣測試代碼可以根據需要將 out 脩改爲不同的對象以便於檢査. 下面就是 echo_test.go 文件中的測試代碼:
|
||||
|
||||
```Go
|
||||
package main
|
||||
|
||||
import (
|
||||
"bytes"
|
||||
"fmt"
|
||||
"testing"
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
func TestEcho(t *testing.T) {
|
||||
var tests = []struct {
|
||||
newline bool
|
||||
sep string
|
||||
args []string
|
||||
want string
|
||||
}{
|
||||
{true, "", []string{}, "\n"},
|
||||
{false, "", []string{}, ""},
|
||||
{true, "\t", []string{"one", "two", "three"}, "one\ttwo\tthree\n"},
|
||||
{true, ",", []string{"a", "b", "c"}, "a,b,c\n"},
|
||||
{false, ":", []string{"1", "2", "3"}, "1:2:3"},
|
||||
}
|
||||
for _, test := range tests {
|
||||
descr := fmt.Sprintf("echo(%v, %q, %q)",
|
||||
test.newline, test.sep, test.args)
|
||||
|
||||
out = new(bytes.Buffer) // captured output
|
||||
if err := echo(test.newline, test.sep, test.args); err != nil {
|
||||
t.Errorf("%s failed: %v", descr, err)
|
||||
continue
|
||||
}
|
||||
got := out.(*bytes.Buffer).String()
|
||||
if got != test.want {
|
||||
t.Errorf("%s = %q, want %q", descr, got, test.want)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
要註意的是測試代碼和産品代碼在同一個包. 雖然是main包, 也有對應的 main 入口函數, 但是在測試的時候 main 包隻是 TestEcho 測試函數導入的一個普通包, 里面 main 函數併沒有被導齣是被忽略的.
|
||||
|
||||
通過將測試放到表格中, 我們很容易添加新的測試用例. 讓我通過增加下面的測試用例來看看失敗的情況是怎麽樣的:
|
||||
|
||||
```Go
|
||||
{true, ",", []string{"a", "b", "c"}, "a b c\n"}, // NOTE: wrong expectation!
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
`go test` 輸齣如下:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ go test gopl.io/ch11/echo
|
||||
--- FAIL: TestEcho (0.00s)
|
||||
echo_test.go:31: echo(true, ",", ["a" "b" "c"]) = "a,b,c", want "a b c\n"
|
||||
FAIL
|
||||
FAIL gopl.io/ch11/echo 0.006s
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
錯誤信息描述了嚐試的操作(使用Go類似語法), 實際的行爲, 和期望的行爲. 通過這樣的錯誤信息, 你可以在檢視代碼之前就很容易定位錯誤的原因.
|
||||
|
||||
要註意的是在測試代碼中併沒有調用 log.Fatal 或 os.Exit, 因爲調用這類函數會導致程序提前退齣; 調用這些函數的特權應該放在 main 函數中. 如果眞的有以外的事情導致函數發送 panic, 測試驅動應該嚐試 recover, 然後將當前測試當作失敗處理. 如果是可預期的錯誤, 例如非法的用戶輸入, 找不到文件, 或配置文件不當等應該通過返迴一個非空的 error 的方式處理. 幸運的是(上面的意外隻是一個插麴), 我們的 echo 示例是比較簡單的也沒有需要返迴非空error的情況.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,134 +0,0 @@
|
|||
### 11.2.3. 白盒測試
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
一個測試分類的方法是基於測試者是否需要了解被測試對象的內部工作原理. 黑盒測試隻需要測試包公開的文檔和API行爲, 內部實現對測試代碼是透明的. 相反, 白盒測試有訪問包內部函數和數據結構的權限, 因此可以做到一下普通客戶端無法實現的測試. 例如, 一個飽和測試可以在每個操作之後檢測不變量的數據類型. (白盒測試隻是一個傳統的名稱, 其實稱爲 clear box 會更準確.)
|
||||
|
||||
黑盒和白盒這兩種測試方法是互補的. 黑盒測試一般更健壯, 隨着軟件實現的完善測試代碼很少需要更新. 它們可以幫助測試者了解眞是客戶的需求, 可以幫助發現API設計的一些不足之處. 相反, 白盒測試則可以對內部一些棘手的實現提供更多的測試覆蓋.
|
||||
|
||||
我們已經看到兩種測試的例子. TestIsPalindrome 測試僅僅使用導齣的 IsPalindrome 函數, 因此它是一個黑盒測試. TestEcho 測試則調用了內部的 echo 函數, 併且更新了內部的 out 全局變量, 這兩個都是未導齣的, 因此它是白盒測試.
|
||||
|
||||
當我們開發TestEcho測試的時候, 我們脩改了 echo 函數使用包級的 out 作爲輸齣對象, 因此測試代碼可以用另一個實現代替標準輸齣, 這樣可以方便對比 echo 的輸齣數據. 使用類似的技術, 我們可以將産品代碼的其他部分也替換爲一個容易測試的僞對象. 使用僞對象的好處是我們可以方便配置, 容易預測, 更可靠, 也更容易觀察. 同時也可以避免一些不良的副作用, 例如更新生産數據庫或信用卡消費行爲.
|
||||
|
||||
下面的代碼演示了爲用戶提供網絡存儲的web服務中的配額檢測邏輯. 當用戶使用了超過 90% 的存儲配額之後將發送提醒郵件.
|
||||
|
||||
```Go
|
||||
gopl.io/ch11/storage1
|
||||
|
||||
package storage
|
||||
|
||||
import (
|
||||
"fmt"
|
||||
"log"
|
||||
"net/smtp"
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
func bytesInUse(username string) int64 { return 0 /* ... */ }
|
||||
|
||||
// Email sender configuration.
|
||||
// NOTE: never put passwords in source code!
|
||||
const sender = "notifications@example.com"
|
||||
const password = "correcthorsebatterystaple"
|
||||
const hostname = "smtp.example.com"
|
||||
|
||||
const template = `Warning: you are using %d bytes of storage,
|
||||
%d%% of your quota.`
|
||||
|
||||
func CheckQuota(username string) {
|
||||
used := bytesInUse(username)
|
||||
const quota = 1000000000 // 1GB
|
||||
percent := 100 * used / quota
|
||||
if percent < 90 {
|
||||
return // OK
|
||||
}
|
||||
msg := fmt.Sprintf(template, used, percent)
|
||||
auth := smtp.PlainAuth("", sender, password, hostname)
|
||||
err := smtp.SendMail(hostname+":587", auth, sender,
|
||||
[]string{username}, []byte(msg))
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
log.Printf("smtp.SendMail(%s) failed: %s", username, err)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
我們想測試這個代碼, 但是我們併不希望發送眞實的郵件. 因此我們將郵件處理邏輯放到一個私有的 notifyUser 函數.
|
||||
|
||||
```Go
|
||||
gopl.io/ch11/storage2
|
||||
|
||||
var notifyUser = func(username, msg string) {
|
||||
auth := smtp.PlainAuth("", sender, password, hostname)
|
||||
err := smtp.SendMail(hostname+":587", auth, sender,
|
||||
[]string{username}, []byte(msg))
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
log.Printf("smtp.SendEmail(%s) failed: %s", username, err)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func CheckQuota(username string) {
|
||||
used := bytesInUse(username)
|
||||
const quota = 1000000000 // 1GB
|
||||
percent := 100 * used / quota
|
||||
if percent < 90 {
|
||||
return // OK
|
||||
}
|
||||
msg := fmt.Sprintf(template, used, percent)
|
||||
notifyUser(username, msg)
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
現在我們可以在測試中用僞郵件發送函數替代眞實的郵件發送函數. 它隻是簡單記録要通知的用戶和郵件的內容.
|
||||
|
||||
```Go
|
||||
package storage
|
||||
|
||||
import (
|
||||
"strings"
|
||||
"testing"
|
||||
)
|
||||
func TestCheckQuotaNotifiesUser(t *testing.T) {
|
||||
var notifiedUser, notifiedMsg string
|
||||
notifyUser = func(user, msg string) {
|
||||
notifiedUser, notifiedMsg = user, msg
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// ...simulate a 980MB-used condition...
|
||||
|
||||
const user = "joe@example.org"
|
||||
CheckQuota(user)
|
||||
if notifiedUser == "" && notifiedMsg == "" {
|
||||
t.Fatalf("notifyUser not called")
|
||||
}
|
||||
if notifiedUser != user {
|
||||
t.Errorf("wrong user (%s) notified, want %s",
|
||||
notifiedUser, user)
|
||||
}
|
||||
const wantSubstring = "98% of your quota"
|
||||
if !strings.Contains(notifiedMsg, wantSubstring) {
|
||||
t.Errorf("unexpected notification message <<%s>>, "+
|
||||
"want substring %q", notifiedMsg, wantSubstring)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
這里有一個問題: 當測試函數返迴後, CheckQuota 將不能正常工作, 因爲 notifyUsers 依然使用的是測試函數的僞發送郵件函數. (當更新全局對象的時候總會有這種風險.) 我們必鬚脩改測試代碼恢複 notifyUsers 原先的狀態以便後續其他的測試沒有影響, 要確保所有的執行路徑後都能恢複, 包括測試失敗或 panic 情形. 在這種情況下, 我們建議使用 defer 處理恢複的代碼.
|
||||
|
||||
```Go
|
||||
func TestCheckQuotaNotifiesUser(t *testing.T) {
|
||||
// Save and restore original notifyUser.
|
||||
saved := notifyUser
|
||||
defer func() { notifyUser = saved }()
|
||||
|
||||
// Install the test's fake notifyUser.
|
||||
var notifiedUser, notifiedMsg string
|
||||
notifyUser = func(user, msg string) {
|
||||
notifiedUser, notifiedMsg = user, msg
|
||||
}
|
||||
// ...rest of test...
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
這種處理模式可以用來暫時保存和恢複所有的全局變量, 包括命令行標誌參數, 調試選項, 和優化參數; 安裝和移除導致生産代碼産生一些調試信息的鉤子函數; 還有有些誘導生産代碼進入某些重要狀態的改變, 比如 超時, 錯誤, 甚至是一些刻意製造的併發行爲.
|
||||
|
||||
以這種方式使用全局變量是安全的, 因爲 go test 併不會同時併發地執行多個測試.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
|
|||
### 11.2.4. 擴展測試包
|
||||
|
||||
考慮下這兩個包: net/url 包, 提供了 URL 解析的功能; net/http 包, 提供了web服務和HTTP客戶端的功能. 如我們所料, 上層的 net/http 包依賴下層的 net/url 包. 然後, net/url 包中的一個測試是演示不同URL和HTTP客戶端的交互行爲. 也就是説, 一個下層包的測試代碼導入了上層的包.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
這樣的行爲在 net/url 包的測試代碼中會導致包的循環依賴, 正如 圖11.1中向上箭頭所示, 同時正如我們在 10.1節所説, Go語言規范是禁止包的循環依賴的.
|
||||
|
||||
我們可以通過測試擴展包的方式解決循環依賴的問題, 也就是在 net/url 包所在的目録聲明一個 url_test 測試擴展包. 其中測試擴展包名的 `_test` 後綴告訴 go test 工具它應該建立一個額外的包來運行測試. 我們將這個擴展測試包的導入路徑視作是 net/url_test 會更容易理解, 但實際上它併不能被其他任何包導入.
|
||||
|
||||
因爲測試擴展包是一個獨立的包, 因此可以導入測試代碼依賴的其他的輔助包; 包內的測試代碼可能無法做到. 在設計層面, 測試擴展包是在所以它依賴的包的上層, 正如 圖11.2所示.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
通過迴避循環導入依賴, 擴展測試包可以更靈活的測試, 特别是集成測試(需要測試多個組件之間的交互), 可以像普通應用程序那樣自由地導入其他包.
|
||||
|
||||
我們可以用 go list 工具査看包對應目録中哪些Go源文件是産品代碼, 哪些是包內測試, 還哪些測試擴展包. 我們以 fmt 包作爲一個例子. GoFiles 表示産品代碼對應的Go源文件列表; 也就是 go build 命令要編譯的部分:
|
||||
|
||||
{% raw %}
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ go list -f={{.GoFiles}} fmt
|
||||
[doc.go format.go print.go scan.go]
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
{% endraw %}
|
||||
|
||||
TestGoFiles 表示的是 fmt 包內部測試測試代碼, 以 _test.go 爲後綴文件名, 不過隻在測試時被構建:
|
||||
|
||||
{% raw %}
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ go list -f={{.TestGoFiles}} fmt
|
||||
[export_test.go]
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
{% endraw %}
|
||||
|
||||
包的測試代碼通常都在這些文件中, 不過 fmt 包併非如此; 稍後我們再解釋 export_test.go 文件的作用.
|
||||
|
||||
XTestGoFiles 表示的是屬於測試擴展包的測試代碼, 也就是 fmt_test 包, 因此它們必鬚先導入 fmt 包. 同樣, 這些文件也隻是在測試時被構建運行:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
{% raw %}
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ go list -f={{.XTestGoFiles}} fmt
|
||||
[fmt_test.go scan_test.go stringer_test.go]
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
{% endraw %}
|
||||
|
||||
有時候測試擴展包需要訪問被測試包內部的代碼, 例如在一個爲了避免循環導入而被獨立到外部測試擴展包的白盒測試. 在這種情況下, 我們可以通過一些技巧解決: 我們在包內的一個 _test.go 文件中導齣一個內部的實現給測試擴展包. 因爲這些代碼隻有在測試時纔需要, 因此一般放在 export_test.go 文件中.
|
||||
|
||||
例如, fmt 包的 fmt.Scanf 需要 unicode.IsSpace 函數提供的功能. 但是爲了避免太多的依賴, fmt 包併沒有導入包含鉅大表格數據的 unicode 包; 相反fmt包有一個叫 isSpace 內部的簡易實現.
|
||||
|
||||
爲了確保 fmt.isSpace 和 unicode.IsSpace 函數的行爲一致, fmt 包謹慎地包含了一個測試. 是一個在測試擴展包內的測試, 因此是無法直接訪問到 isSpace 內部函數的, 因此 fmt 通過一個祕密齣口導齣了 isSpace 函數. export_test.go 文件就是專門用於測試擴展包的祕密齣口.
|
||||
|
||||
```Go
|
||||
package fmt
|
||||
|
||||
var IsSpace = isSpace
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
這個測試文件併沒有定義測試代碼; 它隻是通過 fmt.IsSpace 簡單導齣了內部的 isSpace 函數, 提供給測試擴展包使用. 這個技巧可以廣泛用於位於測試擴展包的白盒測試.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
|
|||
### 11.2.5. 編寫有效的測試
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
許多Go新人會驚異與它的極簡的測試框架. 很多其他語言的測試框架都提供了識别測試函數的機製(通常使用反射或元數據), 通過設置一些 ‘‘setup’’ 和 ‘‘teardown’’ 的鉤子函數來執行測試用例運行的初始化或之後的清理操作, 同時測試工具箱還提供了很多類似assert斷言, 比較值, 格式化輸齣錯誤信息和停止一個識别的測試等輔助函數(通常使用異常機製). 雖然這些機製可以使得測試非常簡潔, 但是測試輸齣的日誌卻像火星文一般難以理解. 此外, 雖然測試最終也會輸齣 PASS 或 FAIL 的報告, 但是它們提供的信息格式卻非常不利於代碼維護者快速定位問題, 因爲失敗的信息的具體含義是非常隱患的, 比如 "assert: 0 == 1" 或 成頁的海量跟蹤日誌.
|
||||
|
||||
Go語言的測試風格則形成鮮明對比. 它期望測試者自己完成大部分的工作, 定義函數避免重複, 就像普通編程那樣. 編寫測試併不是一個機械的填充過程; 一個測試也有自己的接口, 盡管它的維護者也是測試僅有的一個用戶. 一個好的測試不應該引發其他無關的錯誤信息, 它隻要清晰簡潔地描述問題的癥狀卽可, 有時候可能還需要一些上下文信息. 在理想情況下, 維護者可以在不看代碼的情況下就能根據錯誤信息定位錯誤産生的原因. 一個好的測試不應該在遇到一點小錯誤就立刻退齣測試, 它應該嚐試報告更多的測試, 因此我們可能從多個失敗測試的模式中發現錯誤産生的規律.
|
||||
|
||||
下面的斷言函數比較兩個值, 然後生成一個通用的錯誤信息, 併停止程序. 它很方便使用也確實有效果, 但是當識别的時候, 錯誤時打印的信息幾乎是沒有價值的. 它併沒有爲解決問題提供一個很好的入口.
|
||||
|
||||
```Go
|
||||
import (
|
||||
"fmt"
|
||||
"strings"
|
||||
"testing"
|
||||
)
|
||||
// A poor assertion function.
|
||||
func assertEqual(x, y int) {
|
||||
if x != y {
|
||||
panic(fmt.Sprintf("%d != %d", x, y))
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
func TestSplit(t *testing.T) {
|
||||
words := strings.Split("a:b:c", ":")
|
||||
assertEqual(len(words), 3)
|
||||
// ...
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
從這個意義上説, 斷言函數犯了過早抽象的錯誤: 僅僅測試兩個整數是否相同, 而放棄了根據上下文提供更有意義的錯誤信息的做法. 我們可以根據具體的錯誤打印一個更有價值的錯誤信息, 就像下面例子那樣. 測試在隻有一次重複的模式齣現時引入抽象.
|
||||
|
||||
```Go
|
||||
func TestSplit(t *testing.T) {
|
||||
s, sep := "a:b:c", ":"
|
||||
words := strings.Split(s, sep)
|
||||
if got, want := len(words), 3; got != want {
|
||||
t.Errorf("Split(%q, %q) returned %d words, want %d",
|
||||
s, sep, got, want)
|
||||
}
|
||||
// ...
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
現在的測試不僅報告了調用的具體函數, 它的輸入, 和結果的意義; 併且打印的眞實返迴的值和期望返迴的值; 併且卽使斷言失敗依然會繼續嚐試運行更多的測試. 一旦我們寫了這樣結構的測試, 下一步自然不是用更多的if語句來擴展測試用例, 我們可以用像 IsPalindrome 的表驅動測試那樣來準備更多的 s, sep 測試用例.
|
||||
|
||||
前面的例子併不需要額外的輔助函數, 如果如果有可以使測試代碼更簡單的方法我們也樂意接受. (我們將在 13.3節 看到一個 reflect.DeepEqual 輔助函數.) 開始一個好的測試的關鍵是通過實現你眞正想要的具體行爲, 然後纔是考慮然後簡化測試代碼. 最好的結果是直接從庫的抽象接口開始, 針對公共接口編寫一些測試函數.
|
||||
|
||||
**練習11.5:** 用表格驅動的技術擴展TestSplit測試, 併打印期望的輸齣結果.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
|
|||
### 11.2.6. 避免的不穩定的測試
|
||||
|
||||
如果一個應用程序對於新齣現的但有效的輸入經常失敗説明程序不夠穩健; 同樣如果一個測試僅僅因爲聲音變化就會導致失敗也是不合邏輯的. 就像一個不夠穩健的程序會挫敗它的用戶一樣, 一個脆弱性測試同樣會激怒它的維護者. 最脆弱的測試代碼會在程序沒有任何變化的時候産生不同的結果, 時好時壞, 處理它們會耗費大量的時間但是併不會得到任何好處.
|
||||
|
||||
當一個測試函數産生一個複雜的輸齣如一個很長的字符串, 或一個精心設計的數據結構, 或一個文件, 它可以用於和預設的‘‘golden’’結果數據對比, 用這種簡單方式寫測試是誘人的. 但是隨着項目的發展, 輸齣的某些部分很可能會發生變化, 盡管很可能是一個改進的實現導致的. 而且不僅僅是輸齣部分, 函數複雜複製的輸入部分可能也跟着變化了, 因此測試使用的輸入也就不在有效了.
|
||||
|
||||
避免脆弱測試代碼的方法是隻檢測你眞正關心的屬性. 保存測試代碼的簡潔和內部結構的穩定. 特别是對斷言部分要有所選擇. 不要檢査字符串的全匹配, 但是尋找相關的子字符串, 因爲某些子字符串在項目的發展中是比較穩定不變的. 通常編寫一個重複雜的輸齣中提取必要精華信息以用於斷言是值得的, 雖然這可能會帶來很多前期的工作, 但是它可以幫助迅速及時脩複因爲項目演化而導致的不合邏輯的失敗測試.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="11.2" data-chapter-title="測試函數" data-filepath="ch11/ch11-02.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="11.2" data-chapter-title="測試函數" data-filepath="ch11/ch11-02.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2513,14 +2509,6 @@ FAIL gopl.io/ch11/echo 0.006s
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2530,7 +2518,7 @@ FAIL gopl.io/ch11/echo 0.006s
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="11.3" data-chapter-title="測試覆蓋率" data-filepath="ch11/ch11-03.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="11.3" data-chapter-title="測試覆蓋率" data-filepath="ch11/ch11-03.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2115,14 +2111,6 @@ ok gopl.io/ch7/eval 0.032s coverage: 68.5% of statements
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2132,7 +2120,7 @@ ok gopl.io/ch7/eval 0.032s coverage: 68.5% of statements
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="11.4" data-chapter-title="基準測試" data-filepath="ch11/ch11-04.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="11.4" data-chapter-title="基準測試" data-filepath="ch11/ch11-04.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2112,14 +2108,6 @@ BenchmarkIsPalindrome 2000000 807 ns/op 128 B/op 1 allocs/op
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2129,7 +2117,7 @@ BenchmarkIsPalindrome 2000000 807 ns/op 128 B/op 1 allocs/op
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="11.5" data-chapter-title="剖析" data-filepath="ch11/ch11-05.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="11.5" data-chapter-title="剖析" data-filepath="ch11/ch11-05.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2090,14 +2086,6 @@ Showing top 10 nodes out of 166 (cum >= 60ms)
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2107,7 +2095,7 @@ Showing top 10 nodes out of 166 (cum >= 60ms)
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="11.6" data-chapter-title="示例函數" data-filepath="ch11/ch11-06.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="11.6" data-chapter-title="示例函數" data-filepath="ch11/ch11-06.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2061,14 +2057,6 @@
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2078,7 +2066,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="11" data-chapter-title="測試" data-filepath="ch11/ch11.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="11" data-chapter-title="測試" data-filepath="ch11/ch11.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2052,14 +2048,6 @@
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2069,7 +2057,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="12.1" data-chapter-title="爲何需要反射?" data-filepath="ch12/ch12-01.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="12.1" data-chapter-title="爲何需要反射?" data-filepath="ch12/ch12-01.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2074,14 +2070,6 @@
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2091,7 +2079,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="12.2" data-chapter-title="reflect.Type和reflect.Value" data-filepath="ch12/ch12-02.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="12.2" data-chapter-title="reflect.Type和reflect.Value" data-filepath="ch12/ch12-02.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2124,14 +2120,6 @@ fmt.Println(format.Any([]time.Duration{d})) <span class="hljs-comment">// "
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2141,7 +2129,7 @@ fmt.Println(format.Any([]time.Duration{d})) <span class="hljs-comment">// "
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="12.3" data-chapter-title="Display遞歸打印" data-filepath="ch12/ch12-03.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="12.3" data-chapter-title="Display遞歸打印" data-filepath="ch12/ch12-03.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2047,14 +2043,6 @@
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2064,7 +2052,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="12.4" data-chapter-title="示例: 編碼S表達式" data-filepath="ch12/ch12-04.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="12.4" data-chapter-title="示例: 編碼S表達式" data-filepath="ch12/ch12-04.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2047,14 +2043,6 @@
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2064,7 +2052,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="12.5" data-chapter-title="通過reflect.Value脩改值" data-filepath="ch12/ch12-05.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="12.5" data-chapter-title="通過reflect.Value脩改值" data-filepath="ch12/ch12-05.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2047,14 +2043,6 @@
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2064,7 +2052,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="12.6" data-chapter-title="示例: 解碼S表達式" data-filepath="ch12/ch12-06.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="12.6" data-chapter-title="示例: 解碼S表達式" data-filepath="ch12/ch12-06.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2047,14 +2043,6 @@
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2064,7 +2052,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="12.7" data-chapter-title="穫取結構體字段標識" data-filepath="ch12/ch12-07.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="12.7" data-chapter-title="穫取結構體字段標識" data-filepath="ch12/ch12-07.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2047,14 +2043,6 @@
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2064,7 +2052,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="12.8" data-chapter-title="顯示一個類型的方法集" data-filepath="ch12/ch12-08.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="12.8" data-chapter-title="顯示一個類型的方法集" data-filepath="ch12/ch12-08.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2047,14 +2043,6 @@
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2064,7 +2052,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="12.9" data-chapter-title="幾點忠告" data-filepath="ch12/ch12-09.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="12.9" data-chapter-title="幾點忠告" data-filepath="ch12/ch12-09.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2047,14 +2043,6 @@
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2064,7 +2052,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="12" data-chapter-title="反射" data-filepath="ch12/ch12.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="12" data-chapter-title="反射" data-filepath="ch12/ch12.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2048,14 +2044,6 @@
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2065,7 +2053,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="13.1" data-chapter-title="unsafe.Sizeof, Alignof 和 Offsetof" data-filepath="ch13/ch13-01.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="13.1" data-chapter-title="unsafe.Sizeof, Alignof 和 Offsetof" data-filepath="ch13/ch13-01.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2132,14 +2128,6 @@ Sizeof(x.c) = 24 Alignof(x.c) = 8 Offsetof(x.c) = 8
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2149,7 +2137,7 @@ Sizeof(x.c) = 24 Alignof(x.c) = 8 Offsetof(x.c) = 8
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="13.2" data-chapter-title="unsafe.Pointer" data-filepath="ch13/ch13-02.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="13.2" data-chapter-title="unsafe.Pointer" data-filepath="ch13/ch13-02.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2061,7 +2057,7 @@ pb := (*<span class="hljs-typename">int16</span>)(unsafe.Pointer(tmp))
|
|||
</code></pre>
|
||||
<p>這里併沒有指針引用<code>new</code>新創建的變量，因此該語句執行完成之後，垃圾收集器有權馬上迴收其內存空間，所以返迴的pT將是無效的地址。</p>
|
||||
<p>雖然目前的Go語言實現還沒有使用移動GC（譯註：未來可能實現），但這不該是編寫錯誤代碼僥幸的理由：當前的Go語言實現已經有移動變量的場景。在5.2節我們提到goroutine的棧是根據需要動態增長的。當發送棧動態增長的時候，原來棧中的所以變量可能需要被移動到新的更大的棧中，所以我們併不能確保變量的地址在整個使用週期內是不變的。</p>
|
||||
<p>在編寫本文時，還沒有清晰的原則來指引Go程序員，什麽樣的unsafe.Pointer和uintptr的轉換是不安全的（參考 [Go issue7192](<a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues/7192" target="_blank">https://github.com/golang/go/issues/7192</a> ）. 譯註: 該問題已經關閉），因此我們強烈建議按照最壞的方式處理。將所有包含變量地址的uintptr類型變量當作BUG處理，同時減少不必要的unsafe.Pointer類型到uintptr類型的轉換。在第一個例子中，有三個轉換——字段偏移量到uintptr的轉換和轉迴unsafe.Pointer類型的操作——所有的轉換全在一個表達式完成。</p>
|
||||
<p>在編寫本文時，還沒有清晰的原則來指引Go程序員，什麽樣的unsafe.Pointer和uintptr的轉換是不安全的（參考 <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues/7192" target="_blank">Issue7192</a> ）. 譯註: 該問題已經關閉），因此我們強烈建議按照最壞的方式處理。將所有包含變量地址的uintptr類型變量當作BUG處理，同時減少不必要的unsafe.Pointer類型到uintptr類型的轉換。在第一個例子中，有三個轉換——字段偏移量到uintptr的轉換和轉迴unsafe.Pointer類型的操作——所有的轉換全在一個表達式完成。</p>
|
||||
<p>當調用一個庫函數，併且返迴的是uintptr類型地址時（譯註：普通方法實現的函數不盡量不要返迴該類型。下面例子是reflect包的函數，reflect包和unsafe包一樣都是采用特殊技術實現的，編譯器可能給它們開了後門），比如下面反射包中的相關函數，返迴的結果應該立卽轉換爲unsafe.Pointer以確保指針指向的是相同的變量。</p>
|
||||
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> reflect
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2091,14 +2087,6 @@ pb := (*<span class="hljs-typename">int16</span>)(unsafe.Pointer(tmp))
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2108,7 +2096,7 @@ pb := (*<span class="hljs-typename">int16</span>)(unsafe.Pointer(tmp))
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="13.3" data-chapter-title="示例: 深度相等判斷" data-filepath="ch13/ch13-03.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="13.3" data-chapter-title="示例: 深度相等判斷" data-filepath="ch13/ch13-03.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2149,14 +2145,6 @@ fmt.Println(Equal(a, c)) <span class="hljs-comment">// "false"</span>
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2166,7 +2154,7 @@ fmt.Println(Equal(a, c)) <span class="hljs-comment">// "false"</span>
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="13.4" data-chapter-title="通過cgo調用C代碼" data-filepath="ch13/ch13-04.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="13.4" data-chapter-title="通過cgo調用C代碼" data-filepath="ch13/ch13-04.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2159,7 +2155,7 @@ void bz2free(bz_stream* s) { free(s); }
|
|||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</code></pre>
|
||||
<p>壓縮完成後，Close方法用了defer函數確保函數退齣前調用C.BZ2_bzCompressEnd和C.bz2free釋放相關的C資源。此刻w.stream指針將不在有效，我們將它設置爲nil以保證安全，然後在每個方法中增加了nil檢測，以防止用戶在關閉後依然錯誤使用相關方法。</p>
|
||||
<p>壓縮完成後，Close方法用了defer函數確保函數退齣前調用C.BZ2_bzCompressEnd和C.bz2free釋放相關的C语言运行时資源。此刻w.stream指針將不再有效，我們將它設置爲nil以保證安全，然後在每個方法中增加了nil檢測，以防止用戶在關閉後依然錯誤使用相關方法。</p>
|
||||
<p>上面的實現中，不僅僅寫是非併發安全的，甚至併發調用Close和Write方法也可能導致程序的的崩潰。脩複這個問題是練習13.3的內容。</p>
|
||||
<p>下面的bzipper程序，使用我們自己包實現的bzip2壓縮命令。它的行爲和許多Unix繫統的bzip2命令類似。</p>
|
||||
<pre><code class="lang-Go">gopl.io/ch13/bzipper
|
||||
|
|
@ -2196,7 +2192,7 @@ $ ./bzipper < /usr/share/dict/words | bunzip2 | sha256sum
|
|||
126a4ef38493313edc50b86f90dfdaf7c59ec6c948451eac228f2f3a8ab1a6ed -
|
||||
</code></pre><p>我們演示了如何將一個C語言庫鏈接到Go語言程序。相反, 將Go編譯爲靜態庫然後鏈接到C程序，或者將Go程序編譯爲動態庫然後在C程序中動態加載也都是可行的（譯註：在Go1.5中，Windows繫統的Go語言實現併不支持生成C語言動態庫或靜態庫的特性。不過好消息是，目前已經有人在嚐試解決這個問題，具體請訪問 <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues/11058" target="_blank">Issue11058</a> ）。這里我們隻展示的cgo很小的一些方面，更多的關於內存管理、指針、迴調函數、中斷信號處理、字符串、errno處理、終結器，以及goroutines和繫統線程的關繫等，有很多細節可以討論。特别是如何將Go語言的指針傳入C函數的規則也是異常複雜的（譯註：簡單來説，要傳入C函數的Go指針指向的數據本身不能包含指針或其他引用類型；併且C函數在返迴後不能繼續持有Go指針；併且在C函數返迴之前，Go指針是被鎖定的，不能導致對應指針數據被移動或棧的調整），部分的原因在13.2節有討論到，但是在Go1.5中還沒有被明確（譯註：Go1.6將會明確cgo中的指針使用規則）。如果要進一步閲讀，可以從 <a href="https://golang.org/cmd/cgo" target="_blank">https://golang.org/cmd/cgo</a> 開始。</p>
|
||||
<p><strong>練習 13.3：</strong> 使用sync.Mutex以保證bzip2.writer在多個goroutines中被併發調用是安全的。</p>
|
||||
<p><strong>練習 13.4：</strong> 因爲C庫依賴的限製。 使用os/exec包啟動/bin/bzip2命令作爲一個子進程，提供一個純Go的bzip.NewWriter的替代實現（譯註：雖然是純Go實現，但是運行時將依賴/bin/bzip2目録，其他操作繫統可能無法運行）。</p>
|
||||
<p><strong>練習 13.4：</strong> 因爲C庫依賴的限製。 使用os/exec包啟動/bin/bzip2命令作爲一個子進程，提供一個純Go的bzip.NewWriter的替代實現（譯註：雖然是純Go實現，但是運行時將依賴/bin/bzip2命令，其他操作繫統可能無法運行）。</p>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
|
|
@ -2219,14 +2215,6 @@ $ ./bzipper < /usr/share/dict/words | bunzip2 | sha256sum
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2236,7 +2224,7 @@ $ ./bzipper < /usr/share/dict/words | bunzip2 | sha256sum
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="13.5" data-chapter-title="幾點忠告" data-filepath="ch13/ch13-05.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="13.5" data-chapter-title="幾點忠告" data-filepath="ch13/ch13-05.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2051,14 +2047,6 @@
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2068,7 +2056,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="13" data-chapter-title="底層編程" data-filepath="ch13/ch13.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="13" data-chapter-title="底層編程" data-filepath="ch13/ch13.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2055,14 +2051,6 @@
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2072,7 +2060,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="2.1" data-chapter-title="命名" data-filepath="ch2/ch2-01.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="2.1" data-chapter-title="命名" data-filepath="ch2/ch2-01.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2068,14 +2064,6 @@ Functions: make len cap new append copy close delete
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2085,7 +2073,7 @@ Functions: make len cap new append copy close delete
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="2.2" data-chapter-title="聲明" data-filepath="ch2/ch2-02.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="2.2" data-chapter-title="聲明" data-filepath="ch2/ch2-02.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2084,14 +2080,6 @@
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2101,7 +2089,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,69 +0,0 @@
|
|||
### 2.3.1. 簡短變量聲明
|
||||
|
||||
在函數內部, 有一種稱爲簡短變量聲明的形式可用於聲明和初始化局部變量. 以 `名字 := 表達式` 方式聲明變量, 變量的類型根據表達式來推導. 這里函數中是三個簡短變量聲明語句(§1.4):
|
||||
|
||||
```Go
|
||||
anim := gif.GIF{LoopCount: nframes}
|
||||
freq := rand.Float64() * 3.0
|
||||
t := 0.0
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
因爲簡潔和靈活性, 簡短變量聲明用於大部分的局部變量的聲明和初始化. var 方式的聲明往往是用於需要顯示指定類型的局部變量, 或者因爲稍後會被賦值而初始值無關緊要的變量.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```Go
|
||||
i := 100 // an int
|
||||
var boiling float64 = 100 // a float64
|
||||
var names []string
|
||||
var err error
|
||||
var p Point
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
於 var 聲明變量一樣, 簡短變量聲明也可以用來聲明和初始化一組變量:
|
||||
|
||||
```Go
|
||||
i, j := 0, 1
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
但是這種聲明多個變量的方式隻簡易在可以提高代碼可讀性的地方使用, 比如 for 循環的初始化部分.
|
||||
|
||||
請記住 `:=` 是一個變量聲明, 而 `=` 是一個賦值操作. 不要混淆多個變量的聲明和元組的多重(§2.4.1), 後者是將右邊的表達式值賦給左邊對應位置的變量:
|
||||
|
||||
```Go
|
||||
i, j = j, i // 交換 i 和 j 的值
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
和普通 var 變量聲明一樣, 簡短變量聲明也可以用調用函數的返迴值來聲明, 像 os.Open 函數返迴兩個值:
|
||||
|
||||
```Go
|
||||
f, err := os.Open(name)
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
return err
|
||||
}
|
||||
// ...use f...
|
||||
f.Close()
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
這里有一個比較微妙的地方: 簡短變量聲明左邊的全部變量可能併不是全部都是剛剛聲明的. 如果有一些已經在相同的詞法塊聲明過了(§2.7), 那麽簡短變量聲明對這些已經聲明過的變量就隻有賦值行爲了.
|
||||
|
||||
在下面的代碼中, 第一個語句聲明了 in 和 err 變量. 第二個語句隻聲明了 out, 然後對已經聲明的 err 進行賦值.
|
||||
|
||||
```Go
|
||||
in, err := os.Open(infile)
|
||||
// ...
|
||||
out, err := os.Create(outfile)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
簡短變量聲明必鬚至少聲明一個新的變量, 否則編譯將不能通過:
|
||||
|
||||
```Go
|
||||
f, err := os.Open(infile)
|
||||
// ...
|
||||
f, err := os.Create(outfile) // compile error: no new variables
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
解決的方法是第二個語句改用普通的賦值語言.
|
||||
|
||||
簡短變量聲明隻有對在變量已經在同級詞法域聲明過的變量纔和賦值操作等同, 如果變量是在外部詞法域聲明了, 那麽將會聲明一個新變量. 我們在本章後面將會看到類似的例子.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
106
ch2/ch2-03-2.md
106
ch2/ch2-03-2.md
|
|
@ -1,106 +0,0 @@
|
|||
### 2.3.2 指針
|
||||
|
||||
一個變量對應一個保存了一個值的內存空間. 變量在聲明語句創建時綁定一個名字, 比如 x, 但是還有很多變量始終以表達式方式引入, 例如 x[i] 或 x.f. 所有這些表達式都讀取一個變量的值, 除非它們是齣現在賦值語句的左邊, 這種時候是給變量賦予一個新值.
|
||||
|
||||
一個指針的值是一個變量的地址. 一個指針對應變量在內存中的存儲位置. 併不是每一個值都會有一個地址, 但是對於每一個變量必然有對應的地址. 通過指針, 我們可以直接讀或更新變量的值, 而不需要知道變量的名字(卽使變量有名字的話).
|
||||
|
||||
如果這樣聲明一個變量 `var x int`, 那麽 `&x` 表達式(x的地址)將産生一個指向整數變量的指針, 對應的數據類型是 `*int`, 稱之爲 "指向 int 的指針". 如果指針名字爲 p, 那麽可以説 "p 指針指向 x", 或者説 "p 指針保存了 x 變量的地址". `*p` 對應 p 指針指向的變量的值. `*p` 表達式讀取變量的值, 爲 int 類型, 同時因爲 `*p` 對應一個變量, 所以可以齣現在賦值語句的左邊, 用於更新所指向的變量的值.
|
||||
|
||||
```Go
|
||||
x := 1
|
||||
p := &x // p, of type *int, points to x
|
||||
fmt.Println(*p) // "1"
|
||||
*p = 2 // equivalent to x = 2
|
||||
fmt.Println(x) // "2"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
對於聚合類型, 比如結構體的每個字段, 或者是數組的每個元素, 也都是對應一個變量, 併且可以被穫取地址.
|
||||
|
||||
變量有時候被稱爲可尋址的值. 如果變量由表達式臨時生成, 那麽表達式必鬚能接受 `&` 取地址操作.
|
||||
|
||||
任何類型的指針的零值都是 nil. 如果 `p != nil` 測試爲眞, 那麽 p 是指向變量. 指針直接也是可以進行相等測試的, 隻有當它們指向同一個變量或全部是 nil 時纔相等.
|
||||
|
||||
```Go
|
||||
var x, y int
|
||||
fmt.Println(&x == &x, &x == &y, &x == nil) // "true false false"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
在Go語言中, 返迴函數中局部變量的地址是安全的. 例如下面的代碼, 調用 f 函數時創建 v 局部變量, 在地址被返迴之後依然有效, 因爲指針 p 依然引用這個變量.
|
||||
|
||||
```Go
|
||||
var p = f()
|
||||
|
||||
func f() *int {
|
||||
v := 1
|
||||
return &v
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
每次調用 f 函數都將返迴不同的結果:
|
||||
|
||||
```Go
|
||||
fmt.Println(f() == f()) // "false"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
因爲指針包含了一個變量的地址, 因此將指針作爲參數調用函數, 將可以在函數中通過指針更新變量的值. 例如這個通過指針來更新變量的值, 然後返迴更新後的值, 可用在一個表達式中:
|
||||
|
||||
```Go
|
||||
func incr(p *int) int {
|
||||
*p++ // increments what p points to; does not change p
|
||||
return *p
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
v := 1
|
||||
incr(&v) // side effect: v is now 2
|
||||
fmt.Println(incr(&v)) // "3" (and v is 3)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
每次我們對變量取地址, 或者複製指針, 我們都創建了變量的新的别名. 例如, *p 是 變量 v 的别名. 指針特别有加載的地方在於我們可以不用名字而訪問一個變量, 但是這是一把雙刃劍: 要找到一個變量的所有訪問者, 我們必鬚知道變量全部的别名. 不僅僅是指針創建别名, 很多其他引用類型也會創建别名, 例如 切片, 字典和管道, 甚至結構體, 數組和接口都會創建所引用變量的别名.
|
||||
|
||||
指針是 flag 包的關鍵, 它使用命令行參數來設置對應的變量, 而這些分布在整個程序中. 爲了説明這一點, 在早些的echo版本中, 包含了兩個可選的命令行參數: `-n` 用於忽略行尾的換行符, `-s sep` 用於指定分隔字符(默認是空格). 這是第四個版本, 對應包 gopl.io/ch2/echo4.
|
||||
|
||||
```Go
|
||||
gopl.io/ch2/echo4
|
||||
// Echo4 prints its command-line arguments.
|
||||
package main
|
||||
|
||||
import (
|
||||
"flag"
|
||||
"fmt"
|
||||
"strings"
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
var n = flag.Bool("n", false, "omit trailing newline")
|
||||
var sep = flag.String("s", " ", "separator")
|
||||
|
||||
func main() {
|
||||
flag.Parse()
|
||||
fmt.Print(strings.Join(flag.Args(), *sep))
|
||||
if !*n {
|
||||
fmt.Println()
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
`flag.Bool` 函數調用創建了一個新的布爾型標誌參數變量. 它有三個屬性: 第一個是的名字"n", 然後是標誌的默認值(這里是false), 最後是對應的描述信息. 如果用戶輸入了無效的標誌參數, 或者輸入 `-h` 或 `-help` 標誌參數, 將打印標誌參數的名字, 默認值和描述信息. 類似的, flag.String 用於創建一個字符串類型的標誌參數變量, 同樣包含參數名, 默認值, 和描述信息. 變量 `sep` 和 `n` 是一個指向標誌參數變量的指針, 因此必鬚用 *sep 和 *n 的方式間接引用.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
當程序運行時, 必鬚在標誌參數變量使用之前調用 flag.Parse 函數更新標誌參數變量的值(之前是默認值). 非標誌參數的普通類型參數可以用 flag.Args() 訪問, 對應一個 字符串切片. 如果 flag.Parse 解析遇到錯誤, 將打印提示信息, 然後調用 os.Exit(2) 終止程序.
|
||||
|
||||
讓我們運行一些 echo 測試用例:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ go build gopl.io/ch2/echo4
|
||||
$ ./echo4 a bc def
|
||||
a bc def
|
||||
$ ./echo4 -s / a bc def
|
||||
a/bc/def
|
||||
$ ./echo4 -n a bc def
|
||||
a bc def$
|
||||
$ ./echo4 -help
|
||||
Usage of ./echo4:
|
||||
-n omit trailing newline
|
||||
-s string
|
||||
separator (default " ")
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
|
|||
### 2.3.3 new 函數
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
另一個創建變量的方法是用內建的 new 函數. 表達式 `new(T)` 創建一個T類型的匿名變量, 初始化爲T類型的零值, 返迴返迴變量地址, 返迴指針類型爲 `*T`.
|
||||
|
||||
```Go
|
||||
p := new(int) // p, *int 類型, 指向匿名的 int 變量
|
||||
fmt.Println(*p) // "0"
|
||||
*p = 2 // 設置 int 匿名變量的值爲 2
|
||||
fmt.Println(*p) // "2"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
從 new 創建變量和普通聲明方式創建變量沒有什麽區别, 除了不需要聲明一個臨時變量的名字外, 我們還可以在表達式中使用 `new(T)`. 換言之, new 類似是一種語法醣, 而不是一個新的基礎概念.
|
||||
|
||||
下面的兩個 newInt 函數有着相同的行爲:
|
||||
|
||||
```Go
|
||||
func newInt() *int { func newInt() *int {
|
||||
return new(int) var dummy int
|
||||
} return &dummy
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
每次調用 new 都是返迴一個新的變量的地址, 因此下面兩個地址是不同的:
|
||||
|
||||
```Go
|
||||
p := new(int)
|
||||
q := new(int)
|
||||
fmt.Println(p == q) // "false"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
當然也有特殊情況: 如果兩個類型都是空的, 也就是説類型的大小是0, 例如 `struct{}` 和 `[0]int`, 有可能有相同的地址(依賴具體的語言實現).
|
||||
|
||||
new 函數使用相對比較少, 因爲對應結構體來説, 可以直接用字面量語法創建新變量的方法更靈活 (§4.4.1).
|
||||
|
||||
由於 new 隻是一個預定義的函數, 它併不是一個關鍵字, 因此我們可以將 new 重新定義爲别的類型. 例如:
|
||||
|
||||
```Go
|
||||
func delta(old, new int) int { return new - old }
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
因爲 new 被定義爲 int 類型的變量, 因此 delta 函數內部就無法在使用內置的 new 函數了.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
|
|||
### 2.3.4. 變量的生命週期
|
||||
|
||||
變量的生命週期指的是程序運行期間變量存在的有效時間間隔. 包級聲明的變量的生命週期和程序的生命週期是一致的. 相比之下, 局部變量的聲明週期是動態的: 從每次創建一個新變量的聲明語句被執行開始, 直到變量不在被引用爲止, 然後變量的存儲空間可能被迴收. 函數的參數變量和返迴值變量都是局部變量. 它們在函數每次被調用的時候創建.
|
||||
|
||||
例如, 下面是從 1.4 節的 Lissajous 程序摘録的代碼片段:
|
||||
|
||||
```Go
|
||||
for t := 0.0; t < cycles*2*math.Pi; t += res {
|
||||
x := math.Sin(t)
|
||||
y := math.Sin(t*freq + phase)
|
||||
img.SetColorIndex(size+int(x*size+0.5), size+int(y*size+0.5),
|
||||
blackIndex)
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
在每次循環的開始創建變量 t, 然後在每次循環迭代中創建 x 和 y.
|
||||
|
||||
那麽垃圾收集器是如何知道一個變量是何時可以被迴收的呢? 這里我們先避開完整的技術細節, 但是基本的思路是, 從每個包級的變量和每個當前運行函數的每一個局部變量開始, 通過指針或引用的路徑, 是否可以找到該變量. 如果不存在這樣的路徑, 那麽説明該變量是不可達的, 也就是説它併不會影響其餘的計算.
|
||||
|
||||
因爲一個變量的聲明週期隻取決於是否可達, 因此一個循環迭代內部的局部變量的生命週期可能超齣其局部作用域. 它可能在函數返迴之後依然存在.
|
||||
|
||||
編譯器會選擇在棧上還是在堆上分配局部變量的存儲空間, 但可能令人驚訝的是, 這個選擇併不是由 var 或 new 來決定的.
|
||||
|
||||
```Go
|
||||
var global *int
|
||||
|
||||
func f() { func g() {
|
||||
var x int y := new(int)
|
||||
x = 1 *y = 1
|
||||
global = &x }
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
這里的 x 必鬚在堆上分配, 因爲它在函數退齣後依然可以通過包的 global 變量找到, 雖然它是在函數內部定義的; 我們説這個 x 局部變量從 函數 f 中逃逸了. 相反, 當 g 函數返迴時, 變量 `*y` 將是不可達的, 也就是可以被迴收的. 因此, `*y` 併沒有從 函數 g 逃逸, 編譯器可以選擇在棧上分配 `*y` 的存儲空間, 雖然這里用的是 new 方式.
|
||||
在任何時候, 你併不需爲了編寫正確的代碼而要考慮變量的逃逸行爲, 要記住的是, 逃逸的變量需要額外分配內存, 同時對性能的優化會産生一定的影響.
|
||||
|
||||
垃圾收集器對編寫正確的代碼是一個鉅大的幫助, 但併不是説你完全不用考慮內存了. 你雖然不需要顯式地分配和釋放內存, 但是要編寫高效的程序你還是需要知道變量的生命週期. 例如, 將指向短生命週期對象的指針保存到具有長生命週期的對象中, 特别是全局變量時, 會阻止對短生命週期對象的垃圾迴收.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="2.3" data-chapter-title="變量" data-filepath="ch2/ch2-03.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="2.3" data-chapter-title="變量" data-filepath="ch2/ch2-03.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2230,14 +2226,6 @@ fmt.Println(p == q) <span class="hljs-comment">// "false"</span>
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2247,7 +2235,7 @@ fmt.Println(p == q) <span class="hljs-comment">// "false"</span>
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
|
|||
### 2.4.1. 元組賦值
|
||||
|
||||
元組賦值是另一種形式的賦值語句, 允許同時更新多個變量的值. 在賦值之前, 賦值語句右邊的所有表達式將會先進行求值, 然後再統一更新左邊變量的值. 這對於處理有些同時齣現在元組賦值語句左右兩邊的變量很有幫助, 例如我們可以這樣交換兩個變量的值:
|
||||
|
||||
```Go
|
||||
x, y = y, x
|
||||
|
||||
a[i], a[j] = a[j], a[i]
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
或者是計算兩個整數值的的最大公約數(GCD):
|
||||
|
||||
```Go
|
||||
func gcd(x, y int) int {
|
||||
for y != 0 {
|
||||
x, y = y, x%y
|
||||
}
|
||||
return x
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
或者是計算斐波納契數列(Fibonacci)的第N個數:
|
||||
|
||||
```Go
|
||||
func fib(n int) int {
|
||||
x, y := 0, 1
|
||||
for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
|
||||
x, y = y, x+y
|
||||
}
|
||||
return x
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
元組賦值也可以使一繫列瑣碎賦值更緊湊(譯註: 特别是在for循環的初始化部分),
|
||||
|
||||
```Go
|
||||
i, j, k = 2, 3, 5
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
但如果表達式太複雜的話, 應該盡量避免元組賦值; 因爲一個個單獨的賦值語句的可讀性會更好.
|
||||
|
||||
某些表達式會産生多個值, 比如調用一個有多個返迴值的函數.
|
||||
當這樣一個函數調用齣現在元組賦值右邊的表達式中時(譯註: 右邊不能再有其他表達式), 左邊變量的數目必鬚和右邊一致.
|
||||
|
||||
```Go
|
||||
f, err = os.Open("foo.txt") // function call returns two values
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
通常, 這類函數會用額外的返迴值表達某種錯誤類型, 例如 os.Open 是返迴一個 error 類型的錯誤, 還有一些是返迴布爾值, 通常被稱爲ok. 在稍後我們看到的三個操作都是類似的行爲. 如果 字典査找(§4.3), 類型斷言(§7.10), 或 通道接收(§8.4.2) 齣現在賦值語句的右邊, 它們都將産生兩個結果, 有一個額外的布爾結果表示操作是否成功:
|
||||
|
||||
```Go
|
||||
v, ok = m[key] // map lookup
|
||||
v, ok = x.(T) // type assertion
|
||||
v, ok = <-ch // channel receive
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
和變量的聲明一樣, 我們可以用下劃線空白標識符 `_` 來丟棄不需要的值.
|
||||
|
||||
```Go
|
||||
_, err = io.Copy(dst, src) // 丟棄字節數
|
||||
_, ok = x.(T) // 隻檢測類型, 忽略具體值
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
|
|||
### 2.4.2. 可賦值性
|
||||
|
||||
賦值語句是顯示的賦值形式, 但是程序中還有很多地方會發送隱式的賦值行爲: 函數調用將隱式地將調用參數的值賦值給函數的參數變量, 一個返迴語句將隱式地將返迴操作的值賦值給結果變量, 一個複合類型的字面量(§4.2)也會産生賦值行爲. 例如下面的語句:
|
||||
|
||||
```Go
|
||||
medals := []string{"gold", "silver", "bronze"}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
隱式地對切片的每個元素進行賦值操作, 類似這樣寫的行爲:
|
||||
|
||||
```Go
|
||||
medals[0] = "gold"
|
||||
medals[1] = "silver"
|
||||
medals[2] = "bronze"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
字典和管道的元素, 雖然不是普通的變量, 但是也有類似的隱式賦值行爲.
|
||||
|
||||
不管是隱式還是顯示地賦值, 在賦值語句坐標的變量和右邊最終的求到的值必鬚有相同的數據類型. 更直白地説, 隻有右邊的值對於左邊的變量是可賦值的, 賦值語句纔是允許的.
|
||||
|
||||
可賦值性的規則對於不同類型有不同要求, 對每個新類型有關的地方我們會專門解釋.
|
||||
對於目前我們已經討論過的類型, 它的規則是簡單的: 類型必鬚完全匹配, nil 可以賦值給任何指針或引用類型的變量. 常量(§3.6)有更靈活的規則, 這樣可以避免不必要的顯示類型轉換.
|
||||
|
||||
對於兩個值是否可以用 `==` 或 `!=` 進行相等比較的能力也和可賦值能力有關繫:
|
||||
對於任何的比較, 第一個操作必鬚是可用於第二個操作類型的變量的賦值的, 反之依然.
|
||||
和前面一樣, 我們會對每個新類型比較有關的地方會做專門解釋.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="2.4" data-chapter-title="賦值" data-filepath="ch2/ch2-04.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="2.4" data-chapter-title="賦值" data-filepath="ch2/ch2-04.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2117,14 +2113,6 @@ medals[<span class="hljs-number">2</span>] = <span class="hljs-string">"bro
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2134,7 +2122,7 @@ medals[<span class="hljs-number">2</span>] = <span class="hljs-string">"bro
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="2.5" data-chapter-title="類型" data-filepath="ch2/ch2-05.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="2.5" data-chapter-title="類型" data-filepath="ch2/ch2-05.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2112,14 +2108,6 @@ fmt.Println(<span class="hljs-typename">float64</span>(c)) <span class="hljs-com
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2129,7 +2117,7 @@ fmt.Println(<span class="hljs-typename">float64</span>(c)) <span class="hljs-com
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
|
|||
### 2.6.1. 導入包
|
||||
|
||||
在Go程序中, 每個包都是有一個全局唯一的導入路徑. 聲明中類似 "gopl.io/ch2/tempconv" 的字符串對應導入路徑. 語言的規范併沒有定義這些字符串的具體含義或包來自哪里, 它們是由工具來解釋. 當使用 go 工具箱時(第十章), 一個導入路徑代表一個目録中的一個或多個Go源文件.
|
||||
|
||||
除了到導入路徑, 每個包還有一個包名, 包名一般是短小的(也不要求是是唯一的), 包名在包的聲明處指定. 按照慣例, 一個包的名字和包的導入路徑的最後一個字段相同, 例如 gopl.io/ch2/tempconv 包的名字是 tempconv.
|
||||
|
||||
要使用 gopl.io/ch2/tempconv 包, 需要先導入:
|
||||
|
||||
```Go
|
||||
gopl.io/ch2/cf
|
||||
// Cf converts its numeric argument to Celsius and Fahrenheit.
|
||||
package main
|
||||
|
||||
import (
|
||||
"fmt"
|
||||
"os"
|
||||
"strconv"
|
||||
|
||||
"gopl.io/ch2/tempconv"
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
func main() {
|
||||
for _, arg := range os.Args[1:] {
|
||||
t, err := strconv.ParseFloat(arg, 64)
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "cf: %v\n", err)
|
||||
os.Exit(1)
|
||||
}
|
||||
f := tempconv.Fahrenheit(t)
|
||||
c := tempconv.Celsius(t)
|
||||
fmt.Printf("%s = %s, %s = %s\n",
|
||||
f, tempconv.FToC(f), c, tempconv.CToF(c))
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
導入聲明將導入的包綁定到一個短小的名字, 然後通過該名字就可以引用包中導齣的全部內容. 上面的導入聲明將允許我們以 tempconv.CToF 的方式來訪問 gopl.io/ch2/tempconv 包中的內容. 默認情況下, 導入的包綁定到 tempconv 名字, 但是我們也可以綁定到另一個名稱, 以避免名字衝突(§10.3).
|
||||
|
||||
cf 程序將命令行輸入的一個溫度在 Celsius 和 Fahrenheit 之間轉換:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ go build gopl.io/ch2/cf
|
||||
$ ./cf 32
|
||||
32°F = 0°C, 32°C = 89.6°F
|
||||
$ ./cf 212
|
||||
212°F = 100°C, 212°C = 413.6°F
|
||||
$ ./cf -40
|
||||
-40°F = -40°C, -40°C = -40°F
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
如果導入一個包, 但是沒有使用該包將被當作一個錯誤. 這種強製檢測可以有效減少不必要的依賴, 雖然在調試期間會讓人討厭, 因爲刪除一個類似 log.Print("got here!") 的打印可能導致需要同時刪除 log 包導入聲明, 否則, 編譯器將會發齣一個錯誤. 在這種情況下, 我們需要將不必要的導入刪除或註釋掉.
|
||||
|
||||
不過有更好的解決方案, 我們可以使用 golang.org/x/tools/cmd/goimports 工具, 它可以根據需要自動添加或刪除導入的包; 許多編輯器都可以集成 goimports 工具, 然後在保存文件的時候自動允許它. 類似的還有 gofmt 工具, 可以用來格式化Go源文件.
|
||||
|
||||
**練習 2.2:** 寫一個通用的單位轉換程序, 用類似 cf 程序的方式從命令行讀取參數, 如果缺省的話則是從標準輸入讀取參數, 然後做類似 Celsius 和 Fahrenheit 的轉換,
|
||||
長度單位對應英尺和米, 重量單位對應磅和公斤 等等.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
|
|||
### 2.6.2. 包的初始化
|
||||
|
||||
包的初始化首先是解決包級變量的依賴順序, 然後安裝包級變量聲明齣現的順序依次初始化:
|
||||
|
||||
```Go
|
||||
var a = b + c // a 第三個初始化, 爲 3
|
||||
var b = f() // b 第二個初始化, 爲 2, 通過調用 f (依賴c)
|
||||
var c = 1 // c 第一個初始化, 爲 1
|
||||
|
||||
func f() int { return c + 1 }
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
如果包中含有多個 .go 文件, 它們按照發給編譯器的順序進行初始化, Go的構建工具首先將 .go 文件根據文件名排序, 然後依次調用編譯器編譯.
|
||||
|
||||
對於在包級别聲明的變量, 如果有初始化表達式則用表達式初始化, 還有一些沒有初始化表達式的, 例如 某些表格數據 初始化併不是一個簡單的賦值過程. 在這種情況下, 我們可以用 init 初始化函數來簡化工作. 每個文件都可以包含多個 init 初始化函數
|
||||
|
||||
```Go
|
||||
func init() { /* ... */ }
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
這樣的init初始化函數除了不能被調用或引用外, 其他行爲和普通函數類似. 在每個文件中的init初始化函數, 在程序開始執行時按照它們聲明的順序被自動調用.
|
||||
|
||||
每個包在解決依賴的前提下, 以導入聲明的順序初始化, 每個包隻會被初始化一次. 因此, 如果一個 p 包導入了 q 包, 那麽在 p 包初始化的時候可以認爲 q 包已經初始化過了. 初始化工作是自下而上進行的, main 包最後被初始化. 以這種方式, 確保 在 main 函數執行之前, 所有的包都已經初始化了.
|
||||
|
||||
下面的代碼定義了一個 PopCount 函數, 用於返迴一個數字中含二進製1bit的個數. 它使用 init 初始化函數來生成輔助表格 pc, pc 表格用於處理每個8bit寬度的數字含二進製的1bit的個數, 這樣的話在處理64bit寬度的數字時就沒有必要循環64次, 隻需要8次査表就可以了. (這併不是最快的統計1bit數目的算法, 但是他可以方便演示init函數的用法, 併且演示了如果預生成輔助表格, 這是編程中常用的技術.)
|
||||
|
||||
```Go
|
||||
gopl.io/ch2/popcount
|
||||
package popcount
|
||||
|
||||
// pc[i] is the population count of i.
|
||||
var pc [256]byte
|
||||
|
||||
func init() {
|
||||
for i := range pc {
|
||||
pc[i] = pc[i/2] + byte(i&1)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// PopCount returns the population count (number of set bits) of x.
|
||||
func PopCount(x uint64) int {
|
||||
return int(pc[byte(x>>(0*8))] +
|
||||
pc[byte(x>>(1*8))] +
|
||||
pc[byte(x>>(2*8))] +
|
||||
pc[byte(x>>(3*8))] +
|
||||
pc[byte(x>>(4*8))] +
|
||||
pc[byte(x>>(5*8))] +
|
||||
pc[byte(x>>(6*8))] +
|
||||
pc[byte(x>>(7*8))])
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
要註意的是 init 函數中, range 循環隻使用了索引, 省略了沒有用到的值部分.
|
||||
循環也可以這樣寫:
|
||||
|
||||
```Go
|
||||
for i, _ := range pc {
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
我們在下一節和10.5節還將看到其它使用init函數的地方.
|
||||
|
||||
**練習2.3:** 重寫 PopCount 函數, 用一個循環代替單一的表達式. 比較兩個版本的性能. (11.4節將展示如何繫統地比較兩個不同實現的性能.)
|
||||
|
||||
**練習2.4:** 用移位的算法重寫 PopCount 函數, 每次測試最右邊的1bit, 然後統計總數. 比較和査表算法的性能差異.
|
||||
|
||||
**練習2.5:** 表達式 `x&(x-1)` 用於將 x 的最低的一個1bit位清零. 使用這個格式重寫 PopCount 函數, 然後比較性能.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="2.6" data-chapter-title="包和文件" data-filepath="ch2/ch2-06.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="2.6" data-chapter-title="包和文件" data-filepath="ch2/ch2-06.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2181,14 +2177,6 @@ $ ./cf -40
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2198,7 +2186,7 @@ $ ./cf -40
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="2.7" data-chapter-title="作用域" data-filepath="ch2/ch2-07.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="2.7" data-chapter-title="作用域" data-filepath="ch2/ch2-07.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2161,14 +2157,6 @@ f.Close()
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2178,7 +2166,7 @@ f.Close()
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
16
ch2/ch2.html
16
ch2/ch2.html
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="2" data-chapter-title="程序結構" data-filepath="ch2/ch2.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="2" data-chapter-title="程序結構" data-filepath="ch2/ch2.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2048,14 +2044,6 @@
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2065,7 +2053,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="3.1" data-chapter-title="整型" data-filepath="ch3/ch3-01.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="3.1" data-chapter-title="整型" data-filepath="ch3/ch3-01.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2162,14 +2158,6 @@ fmt.Printf(<span class="hljs-string">"%d %[1]q\n"</span>, newline)
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2179,7 +2167,7 @@ fmt.Printf(<span class="hljs-string">"%d %[1]q\n"</span>, newline)
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="3.2" data-chapter-title="浮點數" data-filepath="ch3/ch3-02.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="3.2" data-chapter-title="浮點數" data-filepath="ch3/ch3-02.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2162,14 +2158,6 @@ fmt.Println(nan == nan, nan < nan, nan > nan) <span class="hljs-comment">/
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2179,7 +2167,7 @@ fmt.Println(nan == nan, nan < nan, nan > nan) <span class="hljs-comment">/
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="3.3" data-chapter-title="複數" data-filepath="ch3/ch3-03.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="3.3" data-chapter-title="複數" data-filepath="ch3/ch3-03.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2119,14 +2115,6 @@ y := <span class="hljs-number">3</span> + <span class="hljs-number">4i</span>
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2136,7 +2124,7 @@ y := <span class="hljs-number">3</span> + <span class="hljs-number">4i</span>
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="3.4" data-chapter-title="布爾型" data-filepath="ch3/ch3-04.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="3.4" data-chapter-title="布爾型" data-filepath="ch3/ch3-04.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2077,14 +2073,6 @@
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2094,7 +2082,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="3.5" data-chapter-title="字符串" data-filepath="ch3/ch3-05.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="3.5" data-chapter-title="字符串" data-filepath="ch3/ch3-05.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2331,14 +2327,6 @@ y, err := strconv.ParseInt(<span class="hljs-string">"123"</span>, <sp
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2348,7 +2336,7 @@ y, err := strconv.ParseInt(<span class="hljs-string">"123"</span>, <sp
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="3.6" data-chapter-title="常量" data-filepath="ch3/ch3-06.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="3.6" data-chapter-title="常量" data-filepath="ch3/ch3-06.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2210,14 +2206,6 @@ fmt.Printf(<span class="hljs-string">"%T\n"</span>, <span class="hljs-
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2227,7 +2215,7 @@ fmt.Printf(<span class="hljs-string">"%T\n"</span>, <span class="hljs-
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
16
ch3/ch3.html
16
ch3/ch3.html
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="3" data-chapter-title="基礎數據類型" data-filepath="ch3/ch3.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="3" data-chapter-title="基礎數據類型" data-filepath="ch3/ch3.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2048,14 +2044,6 @@
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2065,7 +2053,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="4.1" data-chapter-title="數組" data-filepath="ch4/ch4-01.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="4.1" data-chapter-title="數組" data-filepath="ch4/ch4-01.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2047,14 +2043,6 @@
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2064,7 +2052,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="4.2" data-chapter-title="切片" data-filepath="ch4/ch4-02.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="4.2" data-chapter-title="切片" data-filepath="ch4/ch4-02.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2047,14 +2043,6 @@
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2064,7 +2052,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="4.3" data-chapter-title="字典" data-filepath="ch4/ch4-03.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="4.3" data-chapter-title="字典" data-filepath="ch4/ch4-03.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2047,14 +2043,6 @@
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2064,7 +2052,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="4.4" data-chapter-title="結構體" data-filepath="ch4/ch4-04.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="4.4" data-chapter-title="結構體" data-filepath="ch4/ch4-04.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2047,14 +2043,6 @@
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2064,7 +2052,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="4.5" data-chapter-title="JSON" data-filepath="ch4/ch4-05.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="4.5" data-chapter-title="JSON" data-filepath="ch4/ch4-05.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2047,14 +2043,6 @@
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2064,7 +2052,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="4.6" data-chapter-title="文本和HTML模闆" data-filepath="ch4/ch4-06.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="4.6" data-chapter-title="文本和HTML模闆" data-filepath="ch4/ch4-06.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2047,14 +2043,6 @@
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2064,7 +2052,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
16
ch4/ch4.html
16
ch4/ch4.html
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="4" data-chapter-title="複合數據類型" data-filepath="ch4/ch4.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="4" data-chapter-title="複合數據類型" data-filepath="ch4/ch4.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2047,14 +2043,6 @@
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2064,7 +2052,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="5.1" data-chapter-title="函數聲明" data-filepath="ch5/ch5-01.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="5.1" data-chapter-title="函數聲明" data-filepath="ch5/ch5-01.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2047,14 +2043,6 @@
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2064,7 +2052,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="5.2" data-chapter-title="遞歸" data-filepath="ch5/ch5-02.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="5.2" data-chapter-title="遞歸" data-filepath="ch5/ch5-02.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2047,14 +2043,6 @@
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2064,7 +2052,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="5.3" data-chapter-title="多返迴值" data-filepath="ch5/ch5-03.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="5.3" data-chapter-title="多返迴值" data-filepath="ch5/ch5-03.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2047,14 +2043,6 @@
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2064,7 +2052,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="5.4" data-chapter-title="錯誤" data-filepath="ch5/ch5-04.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="5.4" data-chapter-title="錯誤" data-filepath="ch5/ch5-04.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2047,14 +2043,6 @@
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2064,7 +2052,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="5.5" data-chapter-title="函數值" data-filepath="ch5/ch5-05.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="5.5" data-chapter-title="函數值" data-filepath="ch5/ch5-05.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2047,14 +2043,6 @@
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2064,7 +2052,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="5.6" data-chapter-title="匿名函數" data-filepath="ch5/ch5-06.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="5.6" data-chapter-title="匿名函數" data-filepath="ch5/ch5-06.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2047,14 +2043,6 @@
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2064,7 +2052,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="5.7" data-chapter-title="可變參數" data-filepath="ch5/ch5-07.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="5.7" data-chapter-title="可變參數" data-filepath="ch5/ch5-07.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2047,14 +2043,6 @@
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2064,7 +2052,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="5.8" data-chapter-title="Deferred函數" data-filepath="ch5/ch5-08.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="5.8" data-chapter-title="Deferred函數" data-filepath="ch5/ch5-08.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2047,14 +2043,6 @@
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2064,7 +2052,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,7 +44,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="5.9" data-chapter-title="Panic異常" data-filepath="ch5/ch5-09.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
<div class="book" data-level="5.9" data-chapter-title="Panic異常" data-filepath="ch5/ch5-09.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="book-summary">
|
||||
|
|
@ -2047,14 +2043,6 @@
|
|||
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2064,7 +2052,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
||||
gitbook.start(config);
|
||||
});
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Some files were not shown because too many files have changed in this diff Show More
Loading…
Reference in New Issue