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	8.3 done
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							| @@ -1,3 +1,107 @@ | ||||
| ## 8.3. 示例: 併發的Echo服務 | ||||
|  | ||||
| TODO | ||||
| clock服务器每一个连接都会起一个goroutine。在本节中我们会创建一个echo服务器,这个服务在每个连接中会有多个goroutine。大多数echo服务仅仅会返回他们读取到的内容,就像下面这个简单的handleConn函数所做的一样: | ||||
|  | ||||
| ```go | ||||
| func handleConn(c net.Conn) { | ||||
|     io.Copy(c, c) // NOTE: ignoring errors | ||||
|     c.Close() | ||||
| } | ||||
| ``` | ||||
| 一个更有意思的echo服务应该模拟一个实际的echo的“回响”,并且一开始要用大写HELLO来表示“声音很大”,之后经过一小段延迟返回一个有所缓和的Hello,然后一个全小写字母的hello表示声音渐渐变小直至消失,像下面这个版本的handleConn(译注:笑看作者脑洞大开): | ||||
|  | ||||
| ```go | ||||
| gopl.io/ch8/reverb1 | ||||
| func echo(c net.Conn, shout string, delay time.Duration) { | ||||
|     fmt.Fprintln(c, "\t", strings.ToUpper(shout)) | ||||
|     time.Sleep(delay) | ||||
|     fmt.Fprintln(c, "\t", shout) | ||||
|     time.Sleep(delay) | ||||
|     fmt.Fprintln(c, "\t", strings.ToLower(shout)) | ||||
| } | ||||
|  | ||||
| func handleConn(c net.Conn) { | ||||
|     input := bufio.NewScanner(c) | ||||
|     for input.Scan() { | ||||
|         echo(c, input.Text(), 1*time.Second) | ||||
|     } | ||||
|     // NOTE: ignoring potential errors from input.Err() | ||||
|     c.Close() | ||||
| } | ||||
| ``` | ||||
|  | ||||
| 我们需要升级我们的客户端程序,这样它就可以发送终端的输入到服务器,并把服务端的返回输出到终端上,这使我们有了使用并发的另一个好机会: | ||||
|  | ||||
| ```go | ||||
| gopl.io/ch8/netcat2 | ||||
| func main() { | ||||
|     conn, err := net.Dial("tcp", "localhost:8000") | ||||
|     if err != nil { | ||||
|         log.Fatal(err) | ||||
|     } | ||||
|     defer conn.Close() | ||||
|     go mustCopy(os.Stdout, conn) | ||||
|     mustCopy(conn, os.Stdin) | ||||
| } | ||||
| ``` | ||||
|  | ||||
| 当main goroutine从标准输入流中读取内容并将其发送给服务器时,另一个goroutine会读取并打印服务端的响应。当main goroutine碰到输入终止时,例如,用户在终端中按了Control-D(^D),在windows上是Control-Z,这时程序就会被终止,尽管其它goroutine中还有进行中的任务。(在8.4.1中引入了channels后我们会明白如何让程序等待两边都结束)。 | ||||
|  | ||||
| 下面这个会话中,客户端的输入是左对齐的,服务端的响应会用缩进来区别显示。 | ||||
| 客户端会向服务器“喊三次话”: | ||||
|  | ||||
| ``` | ||||
| $ go build gopl.io/ch8/reverb1 | ||||
| $ ./reverb1 & | ||||
| $ go build gopl.io/ch8/netcat2 | ||||
| $ ./netcat2 | ||||
| Hello? | ||||
|     HELLO? | ||||
|     Hello? | ||||
|     hello? | ||||
| Is there anybody there? | ||||
|     IS THERE ANYBODY THERE? | ||||
| Yooo-hooo! | ||||
|     Is there anybody there? | ||||
|     is there anybody there? | ||||
|     YOOO-HOOO! | ||||
|     Yooo-hooo! | ||||
| yooo-hooo! | ||||
| ^D | ||||
| $ killall reverb1 | ||||
| ``` | ||||
|  | ||||
| 注意客户端的第三次shout在前一个shout处理完成之前一直没有被处理,这貌似看起来不是特别“现实”。真实世界里的回响应该是会由三次shout的回声组合而成的。为了模拟真实世界的回响,我们需要更多的goroutine来做这件事情。这样我们就再一次地需要go这个关键词了,这次我们用它来调用echo: | ||||
|  | ||||
| ```go | ||||
| gopl.io/ch8/reverb2 | ||||
| func handleConn(c net.Conn) { | ||||
|     input := bufio.NewScanner(c) | ||||
|     for input.Scan() { | ||||
|         go echo(c, input.Text(), 1*time.Second) | ||||
|     } | ||||
|     // NOTE: ignoring potential errors from input.Err() | ||||
|     c.Close() | ||||
| } | ||||
| ``` | ||||
|  | ||||
| go后跟的函数的参数会在go语句自身执行时被求值;因此input.Text()会在main goroutine中被求值。 | ||||
| 现在回响是并发并且会按时间来覆盖掉其它响应了: | ||||
|  | ||||
| ``` | ||||
| $ go build gopl.io/ch8/reverb2 | ||||
| $ ./reverb2 & | ||||
| $ ./netcat2 | ||||
| Is there anybody there? | ||||
|     IS THERE ANYBODY THERE? | ||||
| Yooo-hooo! | ||||
|     Is there anybody there? | ||||
|     YOOO-HOOO! | ||||
|     is there anybody there? | ||||
|     Yooo-hooo! | ||||
|     yooo-hooo! | ||||
| ^D | ||||
| $ killall reverb2 | ||||
| ``` | ||||
|  | ||||
| 让服务使用并发不只是处理多个客户端的请求,甚至在处理单个连接时也可能会用到,就像我们上面的两个go关键词的用法。然而在我们使用go关键词的同时,需要慎重地考虑net.Conn中的方法在并发地调用时是否安全,事实上对于大多数类型来说也确实不安全。我们会在下一章中详细地探讨并发安全性。 | ||||
|   | ||||
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