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2322 lines
83 KiB
HTML
2322 lines
83 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
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<html lang="zh-tw" >
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<head>
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<meta charset="UTF-8">
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<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />
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<title>測試函數 | Go编程语言</title>
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<meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type">
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<meta name="description" content="">
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<meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true"/>
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<link rel="next" href="../ch11/ch11-03.html" />
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<link rel="prev" href="../ch11/ch11-01.html" />
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</head>
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<body>
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<div class="book" data-level="11.2" data-chapter-title="測試函數" data-filepath="ch11/ch11-02.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Mon Dec 14 2015 11:30:54 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
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<div class="book-summary">
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<nav role="navigation">
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<ul class="summary">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="0" data-path="index.html">
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<a href="../index.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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前言
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="0.1" data-path="ch0/ch0-01.html">
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<a href="../ch0/ch0-01.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>0.1.</b>
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Go語言起源
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="0.2" data-path="ch0/ch0-02.html">
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<a href="../ch0/ch0-02.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>0.2.</b>
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Go語言項目
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="0.3" data-path="ch0/ch0-03.html">
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<a href="../ch0/ch0-03.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>0.3.</b>
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本書的組織
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="0.4" data-path="ch0/ch0-04.html">
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<a href="../ch0/ch0-04.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>0.4.</b>
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更多的信息
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="0.5" data-path="ch0/ch0-05.html">
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<a href="../ch0/ch0-05.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>0.5.</b>
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緻謝
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1" data-path="ch1/ch1.html">
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<a href="../ch1/ch1.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>1.</b>
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入門
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.1" data-path="ch1/ch1-01.html">
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<a href="../ch1/ch1-01.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>1.1.</b>
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Hello, World
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2" data-path="ch1/ch1-02.html">
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<a href="../ch1/ch1-02.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>1.2.</b>
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命令行參數
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3" data-path="ch1/ch1-03.html">
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<a href="../ch1/ch1-03.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>1.3.</b>
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査找重復的行
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4" data-path="ch1/ch1-04.html">
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<a href="../ch1/ch1-04.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>1.4.</b>
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GIF動畫
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5" data-path="ch1/ch1-05.html">
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<a href="../ch1/ch1-05.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>1.5.</b>
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穫取URL
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6" data-path="ch1/ch1-06.html">
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<a href="../ch1/ch1-06.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>1.6.</b>
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併髮穫取多個URL
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7" data-path="ch1/ch1-07.html">
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<a href="../ch1/ch1-07.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>1.7.</b>
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Web服務
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.8" data-path="ch1/ch1-08.html">
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<a href="../ch1/ch1-08.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>1.8.</b>
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本章要點
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2" data-path="ch2/ch2.html">
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<a href="../ch2/ch2.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>2.</b>
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程序結構
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.1" data-path="ch2/ch2-01.html">
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<a href="../ch2/ch2-01.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>2.1.</b>
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命名
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.2" data-path="ch2/ch2-02.html">
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<a href="../ch2/ch2-02.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>2.2.</b>
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聲明
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.3" data-path="ch2/ch2-03.html">
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<a href="../ch2/ch2-03.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>2.3.</b>
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變量
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.4" data-path="ch2/ch2-04.html">
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<a href="../ch2/ch2-04.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>2.4.</b>
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賦值
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.5" data-path="ch2/ch2-05.html">
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<a href="../ch2/ch2-05.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>2.5.</b>
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類型
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.6" data-path="ch2/ch2-06.html">
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<a href="../ch2/ch2-06.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>2.6.</b>
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包和文件
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.7" data-path="ch2/ch2-07.html">
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<a href="../ch2/ch2-07.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>2.7.</b>
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作用域
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3" data-path="ch3/ch3.html">
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<a href="../ch3/ch3.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>3.</b>
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基礎數據類型
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1" data-path="ch3/ch3-01.html">
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<a href="../ch3/ch3-01.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>3.1.</b>
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整型
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.2" data-path="ch3/ch3-02.html">
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<a href="../ch3/ch3-02.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>3.2.</b>
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浮點數
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.3" data-path="ch3/ch3-03.html">
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<a href="../ch3/ch3-03.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>3.3.</b>
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復數
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.4" data-path="ch3/ch3-04.html">
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<a href="../ch3/ch3-04.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>3.4.</b>
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佈爾型
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.5" data-path="ch3/ch3-05.html">
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<a href="../ch3/ch3-05.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>3.5.</b>
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字符串
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.6" data-path="ch3/ch3-06.html">
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<a href="../ch3/ch3-06.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>3.6.</b>
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常量
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="4" data-path="ch4/ch4.html">
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<a href="../ch4/ch4.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>4.</b>
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復閤數據類型
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1" data-path="ch4/ch4-01.html">
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<a href="../ch4/ch4-01.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>4.1.</b>
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數組
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2" data-path="ch4/ch4-02.html">
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<a href="../ch4/ch4-02.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>4.2.</b>
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切片
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="4.3" data-path="ch4/ch4-03.html">
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<a href="../ch4/ch4-03.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>4.3.</b>
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字典
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4" data-path="ch4/ch4-04.html">
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<a href="../ch4/ch4-04.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>4.4.</b>
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結構體
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5" data-path="ch4/ch4-05.html">
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<a href="../ch4/ch4-05.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>4.5.</b>
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JSON
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6" data-path="ch4/ch4-06.html">
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<a href="../ch4/ch4-06.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>4.6.</b>
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文本和HTML模闆
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="5" data-path="ch5/ch5.html">
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<a href="../ch5/ch5.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>5.</b>
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函數
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="5.1" data-path="ch5/ch5-01.html">
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<a href="../ch5/ch5-01.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>5.1.</b>
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函數聲明
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2" data-path="ch5/ch5-02.html">
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<a href="../ch5/ch5-02.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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|
<b>5.2.</b>
|
|
|
|
遞歸
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3" data-path="ch5/ch5-03.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch5/ch5-03.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>5.3.</b>
|
|
|
|
多返迴值
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4" data-path="ch5/ch5-04.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch5/ch5-04.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>5.4.</b>
|
|
|
|
錯誤
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5" data-path="ch5/ch5-05.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch5/ch5-05.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>5.5.</b>
|
|
|
|
函數值
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.6" data-path="ch5/ch5-06.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch5/ch5-06.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>5.6.</b>
|
|
|
|
匿名函數
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.7" data-path="ch5/ch5-07.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch5/ch5-07.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>5.7.</b>
|
|
|
|
可變參數
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.8" data-path="ch5/ch5-08.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch5/ch5-08.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>5.8.</b>
|
|
|
|
Deferred函數
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.9" data-path="ch5/ch5-09.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch5/ch5-09.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>5.9.</b>
|
|
|
|
Panic異常
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.10" data-path="ch5/ch5-10.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch5/ch5-10.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>5.10.</b>
|
|
|
|
Recover捕穫異常
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="6" data-path="ch6/ch6.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch6/ch6.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>6.</b>
|
|
|
|
方法
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.1" data-path="ch6/ch6-01.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch6/ch6-01.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>6.1.</b>
|
|
|
|
方法聲明
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2" data-path="ch6/ch6-02.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch6/ch6-02.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>6.2.</b>
|
|
|
|
基於指鍼對象的方法
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3" data-path="ch6/ch6-03.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch6/ch6-03.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>6.3.</b>
|
|
|
|
通過嵌入結構體來擴展類型
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4" data-path="ch6/ch6-04.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch6/ch6-04.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>6.4.</b>
|
|
|
|
方法值和方法錶達式
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5" data-path="ch6/ch6-05.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch6/ch6-05.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>6.5.</b>
|
|
|
|
示例: Bit數組
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6" data-path="ch6/ch6-06.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch6/ch6-06.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>6.6.</b>
|
|
|
|
封裝
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7" data-path="ch7/ch7.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.</b>
|
|
|
|
接口
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.1" data-path="ch7/ch7-01.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-01.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.1.</b>
|
|
|
|
接口是閤約
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.2" data-path="ch7/ch7-02.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-02.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.2.</b>
|
|
|
|
接口類型
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3" data-path="ch7/ch7-03.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-03.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.3.</b>
|
|
|
|
實現接口的條件
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.4" data-path="ch7/ch7-04.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-04.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.4.</b>
|
|
|
|
flag.Value接口
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.5" data-path="ch7/ch7-05.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-05.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.5.</b>
|
|
|
|
接口值
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.6" data-path="ch7/ch7-06.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-06.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.6.</b>
|
|
|
|
sort.Interface接口
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.7" data-path="ch7/ch7-07.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-07.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.7.</b>
|
|
|
|
http.Handler接口
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.8" data-path="ch7/ch7-08.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-08.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.8.</b>
|
|
|
|
error接口
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.9" data-path="ch7/ch7-09.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-09.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.9.</b>
|
|
|
|
示例: 錶達式求值
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.10" data-path="ch7/ch7-10.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-10.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.10.</b>
|
|
|
|
類型斷言
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.11" data-path="ch7/ch7-11.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-11.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.11.</b>
|
|
|
|
基於類型斷言識彆錯誤類型
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.12" data-path="ch7/ch7-12.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-12.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.12.</b>
|
|
|
|
通過類型斷言査詢接口
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.13" data-path="ch7/ch7-13.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-13.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.13.</b>
|
|
|
|
類型分支
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.14" data-path="ch7/ch7-14.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-14.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.14.</b>
|
|
|
|
示例: 基於標記的XML解碼
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.15" data-path="ch7/ch7-15.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-15.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.15.</b>
|
|
|
|
補充幾點
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8" data-path="ch8/ch8.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>8.</b>
|
|
|
|
Goroutines和Channels
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.1" data-path="ch8/ch8-01.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8-01.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>8.1.</b>
|
|
|
|
Goroutines
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.2" data-path="ch8/ch8-02.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8-02.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>8.2.</b>
|
|
|
|
示例: 併髮的Clock服務
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.3" data-path="ch8/ch8-03.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8-03.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>8.3.</b>
|
|
|
|
示例: 併髮的Echo服務
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.4" data-path="ch8/ch8-04.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8-04.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>8.4.</b>
|
|
|
|
Channels
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.5" data-path="ch8/ch8-05.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8-05.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>8.5.</b>
|
|
|
|
併行的循環
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.6" data-path="ch8/ch8-06.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8-06.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>8.6.</b>
|
|
|
|
示例: 併髮的Web爬蟲
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.7" data-path="ch8/ch8-07.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8-07.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>8.7.</b>
|
|
|
|
基於select的多路復用
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.8" data-path="ch8/ch8-08.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8-08.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>8.8.</b>
|
|
|
|
示例: 併髮的字典遍歷
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.9" data-path="ch8/ch8-09.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8-09.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>8.9.</b>
|
|
|
|
併髮的退齣
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.10" data-path="ch8/ch8-10.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8-10.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>8.10.</b>
|
|
|
|
示例: 聊天服務
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="9" data-path="ch9/ch9.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch9/ch9.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>9.</b>
|
|
|
|
基於共享變量的併髮
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.1" data-path="ch9/ch9-01.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch9/ch9-01.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>9.1.</b>
|
|
|
|
競爭條件
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.2" data-path="ch9/ch9-02.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch9/ch9-02.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
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|
|
<b>9.2.</b>
|
|
|
|
sync.Mutex互斥鎖
|
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</a>
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|
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="9.3" data-path="ch9/ch9-03.html">
|
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|
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|
|
<a href="../ch9/ch9-03.html">
|
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|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
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|
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<b>9.3.</b>
|
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|
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sync.RWMutex讀寫鎖
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="9.4" data-path="ch9/ch9-04.html">
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<a href="../ch9/ch9-04.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>9.4.</b>
|
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|
內存衕步
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="9.5" data-path="ch9/ch9-05.html">
|
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<a href="../ch9/ch9-05.html">
|
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>9.5.</b>
|
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|
|
sync.Once初始化
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="9.6" data-path="ch9/ch9-06.html">
|
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|
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|
|
<a href="../ch9/ch9-06.html">
|
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|
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
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<b>9.6.</b>
|
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|
|
競爭條件檢測
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="9.7" data-path="ch9/ch9-07.html">
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|
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<a href="../ch9/ch9-07.html">
|
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|
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
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<b>9.7.</b>
|
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|
示例: 併髮的非阻塞緩存
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="9.8" data-path="ch9/ch9-08.html">
|
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|
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<a href="../ch9/ch9-08.html">
|
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|
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
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<b>9.8.</b>
|
|
|
|
Goroutines和綫程
|
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
|
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</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="10" data-path="ch10/ch10.html">
|
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|
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<a href="../ch10/ch10.html">
|
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>10.</b>
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|
|
包和工具
|
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</a>
|
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|
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|
<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="10.1" data-path="ch10/ch10-01.html">
|
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<a href="../ch10/ch10-01.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>10.1.</b>
|
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|
|
簡介
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="10.2" data-path="ch10/ch10-02.html">
|
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|
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<a href="../ch10/ch10-02.html">
|
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>10.2.</b>
|
|
|
|
導入路徑
|
|
</a>
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|
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="10.3" data-path="ch10/ch10-03.html">
|
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|
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|
<a href="../ch10/ch10-03.html">
|
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>10.3.</b>
|
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|
|
包聲明
|
|
</a>
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</li>
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|
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.4" data-path="ch10/ch10-04.html">
|
|
|
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|
|
<a href="../ch10/ch10-04.html">
|
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|
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
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<b>10.4.</b>
|
|
|
|
導入聲明
|
|
</a>
|
|
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|
|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.5" data-path="ch10/ch10-05.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch10/ch10-05.html">
|
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|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
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<b>10.5.</b>
|
|
|
|
匿名導入
|
|
</a>
|
|
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|
</li>
|
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|
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.6" data-path="ch10/ch10-06.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch10/ch10-06.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>10.6.</b>
|
|
|
|
包和命名
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.7" data-path="ch10/ch10-07.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch10/ch10-07.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>10.7.</b>
|
|
|
|
工具
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="11" data-path="ch11/ch11.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch11/ch11.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>11.</b>
|
|
|
|
測試
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.1" data-path="ch11/ch11-01.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch11/ch11-01.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>11.1.</b>
|
|
|
|
go test
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter active" data-level="11.2" data-path="ch11/ch11-02.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch11/ch11-02.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>11.2.</b>
|
|
|
|
測試函數
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.3" data-path="ch11/ch11-03.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch11/ch11-03.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>11.3.</b>
|
|
|
|
測試覆蓋率
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.4" data-path="ch11/ch11-04.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch11/ch11-04.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>11.4.</b>
|
|
|
|
基準測試
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.5" data-path="ch11/ch11-05.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch11/ch11-05.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>11.5.</b>
|
|
|
|
剖析
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.6" data-path="ch11/ch11-06.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch11/ch11-06.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>11.6.</b>
|
|
|
|
示例函數
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="12" data-path="ch12/ch12.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch12/ch12.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>12.</b>
|
|
|
|
反射
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.1" data-path="ch12/ch12-01.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch12/ch12-01.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>12.1.</b>
|
|
|
|
為何需要反射?
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.2" data-path="ch12/ch12-02.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch12/ch12-02.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>12.2.</b>
|
|
|
|
reflect.Type和reflect.Value
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.3" data-path="ch12/ch12-03.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch12/ch12-03.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>12.3.</b>
|
|
|
|
Display遞歸打印
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.4" data-path="ch12/ch12-04.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch12/ch12-04.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>12.4.</b>
|
|
|
|
示例: 編碼S錶達式
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.5" data-path="ch12/ch12-05.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch12/ch12-05.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>12.5.</b>
|
|
|
|
通過reflect.Value脩改值
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.6" data-path="ch12/ch12-06.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch12/ch12-06.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>12.6.</b>
|
|
|
|
示例: 解碼S錶達式
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.7" data-path="ch12/ch12-07.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch12/ch12-07.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>12.7.</b>
|
|
|
|
穫取結構體字段標識
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.8" data-path="ch12/ch12-08.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch12/ch12-08.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>12.8.</b>
|
|
|
|
顯示一個類型的方法集
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.9" data-path="ch12/ch12-09.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch12/ch12-09.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>12.9.</b>
|
|
|
|
幾點忠告
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="13" data-path="ch13/ch13.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch13/ch13.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>13.</b>
|
|
|
|
底層編程
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="13.1" data-path="ch13/ch13-01.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch13/ch13-01.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>13.1.</b>
|
|
|
|
unsafe.Sizeof, Alignof 和 Offsetof
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="13.2" data-path="ch13/ch13-02.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch13/ch13-02.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>13.2.</b>
|
|
|
|
unsafe.Pointer
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="13.3" data-path="ch13/ch13-03.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch13/ch13-03.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>13.3.</b>
|
|
|
|
示例: 深度相等判斷
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="13.4" data-path="ch13/ch13-04.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch13/ch13-04.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>13.4.</b>
|
|
|
|
通過cgo調用C代碼
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="13.5" data-path="ch13/ch13-05.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch13/ch13-05.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>13.5.</b>
|
|
|
|
幾點忠告
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="14" data-path="exercise/ex.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../exercise/ex.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>14.</b>
|
|
|
|
習題解答
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="14.1" data-path="exercise/ex-ch1.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../exercise/ex-ch1.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>14.1.</b>
|
|
|
|
第一章 入門
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="15" data-path="errata.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../errata.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>15.</b>
|
|
|
|
勘誤
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="divider"></li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a href="https://www.gitbook.com" target="blank" class="gitbook-link">
|
|
本書使用 GitBook 釋出
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
</ul>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
</div>
|
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|
|
<div class="book-body">
|
|
<div class="body-inner">
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<div class="book-header" role="navigation">
|
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<!-- Actions Left -->
|
|
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|
<!-- Title -->
|
|
<h1>
|
|
<i class="fa fa-circle-o-notch fa-spin"></i>
|
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<a href="../" >Go编程语言</a>
|
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</h1>
|
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</div>
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<div class="page-wrapper" tabindex="-1" role="main">
|
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<div class="page-inner">
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<section class="normal" id="section-">
|
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|
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<h2 id="112-測試函數">11.2. 測試函數</h2>
|
|
<p>每箇測試函數必須導入 testing 包. 測試函數有如下的簽名:</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> TestName(t *testing.T) {
|
|
<span class="hljs-comment">// ...</span>
|
|
}
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>測試函數的名字必須以Test開頭, 可選的後綴名必須以大寫字母開頭:</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> TestSin(t *testing.T) { <span class="hljs-comment">/* ... */</span> }
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> TestCos(t *testing.T) { <span class="hljs-comment">/* ... */</span> }
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> TestLog(t *testing.T) { <span class="hljs-comment">/* ... */</span> }
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>其中 t 參數用於報告測試失敗和附件的日誌信息. 讓我們頂一箇一箇實例包 gopl.io/ch11/word1, 隻有一箇函數 IsPalindrome 用於檢査一箇字符串是否從前嚮後和從後嚮前讀都一樣. (這箇實現對於一箇字符串是否是迴文字符串前後重復測試了兩次; 我們稍後會再討論這箇問題.)</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="lang-Go">gopl.io/ch11/word1
|
|
<span class="hljs-comment">// Package word provides utilities for word games.</span>
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> word
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-comment">// IsPalindrome reports whether s reads the same forward and backward.</span>
|
|
<span class="hljs-comment">// (Our first attempt.)</span>
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> IsPalindrome(s <span class="hljs-typename">string</span>) <span class="hljs-typename">bool</span> {
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i := <span class="hljs-keyword">range</span> s {
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> s[i] != s[<span class="hljs-built_in">len</span>(s)-<span class="hljs-number">1</span>-i] {
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-constant">false</span>
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-constant">true</span>
|
|
}
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>在相衕的目彔下, word_test.go 文件包含了 TestPalindrome 和 TestNonPalindrome 兩箇測試函數. 每一箇都是測試 IsPalindrome 是否給齣正確的結果, 併使用 t.Error 報告失敗:</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> word
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> <span class="hljs-string">"testing"</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> TestPalindrome(t *testing.T) {
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> !IsPalindrome(<span class="hljs-string">"detartrated"</span>) {
|
|
t.Error(<span class="hljs-string">`IsPalindrome("detartrated") = false`</span>)
|
|
}
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> !IsPalindrome(<span class="hljs-string">"kayak"</span>) {
|
|
t.Error(<span class="hljs-string">`IsPalindrome("kayak") = false`</span>)
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> TestNonPalindrome(t *testing.T) {
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> IsPalindrome(<span class="hljs-string">"palindrome"</span>) {
|
|
t.Error(<span class="hljs-string">`IsPalindrome("palindrome") = true`</span>)
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p><code>go test</code> (或 <code>go build</code>) 命令 如果沒有參數指定包那麼將默認寀用噹前目彔對應的包. 我們可以用下麫的命令構建和運行測試.</p>
|
|
<pre><code>$ cd $GOPATH/src/gopl.io/ch11/word1
|
|
$ go test
|
|
ok gopl.io/ch11/word1 0.008s
|
|
</code></pre><p>還比較滿意, 我們運行了這箇程序, 不過沒有提前退齣是因爲還沒有遇到BUG報告. 一箇法國名爲 Noelle Eve Elleon 的用戶抱怨 IsPalindrome 函數不能識別 ‘‘été.’’. 另外一箇來自美國中部用戶的抱怨是不能識別 ‘‘A man, a plan, a canal: Panama.’’. 執行特殊和小的BUG報告爲我們提供了新的更自然的測試用例.</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> TestFrenchPalindrome(t *testing.T) {
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> !IsPalindrome(<span class="hljs-string">"été"</span>) {
|
|
t.Error(<span class="hljs-string">`IsPalindrome("été") = false`</span>)
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> TestCanalPalindrome(t *testing.T) {
|
|
input := <span class="hljs-string">"A man, a plan, a canal: Panama"</span>
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> !IsPalindrome(input) {
|
|
t.Errorf(<span class="hljs-string">`IsPalindrome(%q) = false`</span>, input)
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>爲了避免兩次輸入較長的字符串, 我們使用了提供了有類似 Printf 格式化功能的 Errorf 函數來彙報錯誤結果.</p>
|
|
<p>噹添加了這兩箇測試用例之後, <code>go test</code> 返迴了測試失敗的信息.</p>
|
|
<pre><code>$ go test
|
|
--- FAIL: TestFrenchPalindrome (0.00s)
|
|
word_test.go:28: IsPalindrome("été") = false
|
|
--- FAIL: TestCanalPalindrome (0.00s)
|
|
word_test.go:35: IsPalindrome("A man, a plan, a canal: Panama") = false
|
|
FAIL
|
|
FAIL gopl.io/ch11/word1 0.014s
|
|
</code></pre><p>先編寫測試用例併觀察到測試用例觸發了和用戶報告的錯誤相衕的描述是一箇好的測試習慣. 隻有這樣, 我們纔能定位我們要眞正解決的問題.</p>
|
|
<p>先寫測試用例的另好處是, 運行測試通常會比手工描述報告的處理更快, 這讓我們可以進行快速地迭代. 如果測試集有很多運行緩慢的測試, 我們可以通過隻選擇運行某些特定的測試來加快測試速度.</p>
|
|
<p>參數 <code>-v</code> 用於打印每箇測試函數的名字和運行時間:</p>
|
|
<pre><code>$ go test -v
|
|
=== RUN TestPalindrome
|
|
--- PASS: TestPalindrome (0.00s)
|
|
=== RUN TestNonPalindrome
|
|
--- PASS: TestNonPalindrome (0.00s)
|
|
=== RUN TestFrenchPalindrome
|
|
--- FAIL: TestFrenchPalindrome (0.00s)
|
|
word_test.go:28: IsPalindrome("été") = false
|
|
=== RUN TestCanalPalindrome
|
|
--- FAIL: TestCanalPalindrome (0.00s)
|
|
word_test.go:35: IsPalindrome("A man, a plan, a canal: Panama") = false
|
|
FAIL
|
|
exit status 1
|
|
FAIL gopl.io/ch11/word1 0.017s
|
|
</code></pre><p>參數 <code>-run</code> 是一箇正則錶達式, 隻有測試函數名被它正確匹配的測試函數纔會被 <code>go test</code> 運行:</p>
|
|
<pre><code>$ go test -v -run="French|Canal"
|
|
=== RUN TestFrenchPalindrome
|
|
--- FAIL: TestFrenchPalindrome (0.00s)
|
|
word_test.go:28: IsPalindrome("été") = false
|
|
=== RUN TestCanalPalindrome
|
|
--- FAIL: TestCanalPalindrome (0.00s)
|
|
word_test.go:35: IsPalindrome("A man, a plan, a canal: Panama") = false
|
|
FAIL
|
|
exit status 1
|
|
FAIL gopl.io/ch11/word1 0.014s
|
|
</code></pre><p>噹然, 一旦我們已經脩復了失敗的測試用例, 在我們提交代碼更新之前, 我們應該以不帶參數的 <code>go test</code> 命令運行全部的測試用例, 以確保更新沒有引入新的問題.</p>
|
|
<p>我們現在的任務就是脩復這些錯誤. 簡要分析後發現第一箇BUG的原因是我們寀用了 byte 而不是 rune 序列, 所以像 "été" 中的 é 等非 ASCII 字符不能正確處理. 第二箇BUG是因爲沒有忽略空格和字母的大小寫導緻的.</p>
|
|
<p>鍼對上述兩箇BUG, 我們仔細重寫了函數:</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="lang-Go">gopl.io/ch11/word2
|
|
<span class="hljs-comment">// Package word provides utilities for word games.</span>
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> word
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> <span class="hljs-string">"unicode"</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-comment">// IsPalindrome reports whether s reads the same forward and backward.</span>
|
|
<span class="hljs-comment">// Letter case is ignored, as are non-letters.</span>
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> IsPalindrome(s <span class="hljs-typename">string</span>) <span class="hljs-typename">bool</span> {
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> letters []<span class="hljs-typename">rune</span>
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> _, r := <span class="hljs-keyword">range</span> s {
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> unicode.IsLetter(r) {
|
|
letters = <span class="hljs-built_in">append</span>(letters, unicode.ToLower(r))
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i := <span class="hljs-keyword">range</span> letters {
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> letters[i] != letters[<span class="hljs-built_in">len</span>(letters)-<span class="hljs-number">1</span>-i] {
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-constant">false</span>
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-constant">true</span>
|
|
}
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>衕時我們也將之前的所有測試數據閤併到了一箇測試中的錶格中.</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> TestIsPalindrome(t *testing.T) {
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> tests = []<span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span> {
|
|
input <span class="hljs-typename">string</span>
|
|
want <span class="hljs-typename">bool</span>
|
|
}{
|
|
{<span class="hljs-string">""</span>, <span class="hljs-constant">true</span>},
|
|
{<span class="hljs-string">"a"</span>, <span class="hljs-constant">true</span>},
|
|
{<span class="hljs-string">"aa"</span>, <span class="hljs-constant">true</span>},
|
|
{<span class="hljs-string">"ab"</span>, <span class="hljs-constant">false</span>},
|
|
{<span class="hljs-string">"kayak"</span>, <span class="hljs-constant">true</span>},
|
|
{<span class="hljs-string">"detartrated"</span>, <span class="hljs-constant">true</span>},
|
|
{<span class="hljs-string">"A man, a plan, a canal: Panama"</span>, <span class="hljs-constant">true</span>},
|
|
{<span class="hljs-string">"Evil I did dwell; lewd did I live."</span>, <span class="hljs-constant">true</span>},
|
|
{<span class="hljs-string">"Able was I ere I saw Elba"</span>, <span class="hljs-constant">true</span>},
|
|
{<span class="hljs-string">"été"</span>, <span class="hljs-constant">true</span>},
|
|
{<span class="hljs-string">"Et se resservir, ivresse reste."</span>, <span class="hljs-constant">true</span>},
|
|
{<span class="hljs-string">"palindrome"</span>, <span class="hljs-constant">false</span>}, <span class="hljs-comment">// non-palindrome</span>
|
|
{<span class="hljs-string">"desserts"</span>, <span class="hljs-constant">false</span>}, <span class="hljs-comment">// semi-palindrome</span>
|
|
}
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> _, test := <span class="hljs-keyword">range</span> tests {
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> got := IsPalindrome(test.input); got != test.want {
|
|
t.Errorf(<span class="hljs-string">"IsPalindrome(%q) = %v"</span>, test.input, got)
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>我們的新測試阿都通過了:</p>
|
|
<pre><code>$ go test gopl.io/ch11/word2
|
|
ok gopl.io/ch11/word2 0.015s
|
|
</code></pre><p>這種錶格驅動的測試在Go中很常見的. 我們很容易想錶格添加新的測試數據, 併且後麫的測試邏輯也沒有冗餘, 這樣我們可以更好地完善錯誤信息.</p>
|
|
<p>失敗的測試的輸齣併不包括調用 t.Errorf 時刻的堆棧調用信息. 不像其他語言或測試框架的 assert 斷言, t.Errorf 調用也沒有引起 panic 或停止測試的執行. 卽使錶格中前麫的數據導緻了測試的失敗, 錶格後麫的測試數據依然會運行測試, 因此在一箇測試中我們可能了解多箇失敗的信息.</p>
|
|
<p>如果我們眞的需要停止測試, 或許是因爲初始化失敗或可能是早先的錯誤導緻了後續錯誤等原因, 我們可以使用 t.Fatal 或 t.Fatalf 停止測試. 它們必須在和測試函數衕一箇 goroutine 內調用.</p>
|
|
<p>測試失敗的信息一般的形式是 "f(x) = y, want z", f(x) 解釋了失敗的操作和對應的輸齣, y 是實際的運行結果, z 是期望的正確的結果. 就像前麫檢査迴文字符串的例子, 實際的函數用於 f(x) 部分. 如果顯示 x 是錶格驅動型測試中比較重要的部分, 因爲衕一箇斷言可能對應不衕的錶格項執行多次. 要避免無用和冗餘的信息. 在測試類似 IsPalindrome 返迴佈爾類型的函數時, 可以忽略併沒有額外信息的 z 部分. 如果 x, y 或 z 是 y 的長度, 輸齣一箇相關部分的簡明總結卽可. 測試的作者應該要努力幫助程序員診斷失敗的測試.</p>
|
|
<p><strong>練習 11.1:</strong> 爲 4.3節 中的 charcount 程序編寫測試.</p>
|
|
<p><strong>練習 11.2:</strong> 爲 (§6.5)的 IntSet 編寫一組測試, 用於檢査每箇操作後的行爲和基於內置 map 的集閤等價 , 後麫 練習11.7 將會用到.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="1121-隨機測試">11.2.1. 隨機測試</h3>
|
|
<p>錶格驅動的測試便於構造基於精心挑選的測試數據的測試用例. 另一種測試思路是隨機測試, 也就是通過構造更廣汎的隨機輸入來測試探索函數的行爲.</p>
|
|
<p>那麼對於一箇隨機的輸入, 我們如何能知道希望的輸齣結果呢? 這裡有兩種策略. 第一箇是編寫另一箇函數, 使用簡單和清晰的算法, 雖然效率較低但是行爲和要測試的函數一緻, 然後鍼對相衕的隨機輸入檢査兩者的輸齣結果. 第二種是生成的隨機輸入的數據遵循特定的模式, 這樣我們就可以知道期望的輸齣的模式.</p>
|
|
<p>下麫的例子使用的是第二種方法: randomPalindrome 函數用於隨機生成迴文字符串.</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> <span class="hljs-string">"math/rand"</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-comment">// randomPalindrome returns a palindrome whose length and contents</span>
|
|
<span class="hljs-comment">// are derived from the pseudo-random number generator rng.</span>
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> randomPalindrome(rng *rand.Rand) <span class="hljs-typename">string</span> {
|
|
n := rng.Intn(<span class="hljs-number">25</span>) <span class="hljs-comment">// random length up to 24</span>
|
|
runes := <span class="hljs-built_in">make</span>([]<span class="hljs-typename">rune</span>, n)
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i := <span class="hljs-number">0</span>; i < (n+<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)/<span class="hljs-number">2</span>; i++ {
|
|
r := <span class="hljs-typename">rune</span>(rng.Intn(<span class="hljs-number">0x1000</span>)) <span class="hljs-comment">// random rune up to '\u0999'</span>
|
|
runes[i] = r
|
|
runes[n-<span class="hljs-number">1</span>-i] = r
|
|
}
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-typename">string</span>(runes)
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> TestRandomPalindromes(t *testing.T) {
|
|
<span class="hljs-comment">// Initialize a pseudo-random number generator.</span>
|
|
seed := time.Now().UTC().UnixNano()
|
|
t.Logf(<span class="hljs-string">"Random seed: %d"</span>, seed)
|
|
rng := rand.New(rand.NewSource(seed))
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i := <span class="hljs-number">0</span>; i < <span class="hljs-number">1000</span>; i++ {
|
|
p := randomPalindrome(rng)
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> !IsPalindrome(p) {
|
|
t.Errorf(<span class="hljs-string">"IsPalindrome(%q) = false"</span>, p)
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>雖然隨機測試有不確定因素, 但是它也是至關重要的, 我們可以從失敗測試的日誌穫取足夠的信息. 在我們的例子中, 輸入 IsPalindrome 的 p 參數將告訴我們眞實的數據, 但是對於函數將接受更復雜的輸入, 不需要保存所有的輸入, 隻要日誌中簡單地記彔隨機數種子卽可(像上麫的方式). 有了這些隨機數初始化種子, 我們可以很容易脩改測試代碼以重現失敗的隨機測試.</p>
|
|
<p>通過使用噹前時間作爲隨機種子, 在整箇過程中的每次運行測試命令時都將探索新的隨機數據. 如果你使用的是定期運行的自動化測試集成繫統, 隨機測試將特別有價值.</p>
|
|
<p><strong>練習 11.3:</strong> TestRandomPalindromes 隻測試了迴文字符串. 編寫新的隨機測試生成器, 用於測試隨機生成的非迴文字符串.</p>
|
|
<p><strong>練習 11.4:</strong> 脩改 randomPalindrome 函數, 以探索 IsPalindrome 對標點和空格的處理.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="1122-測試一個命令">11.2.2. 測試一個命令</h3>
|
|
<p>TODO</p>
|
|
<h3 id="1123-白盒測試">11.2.3. 白盒測試</h3>
|
|
<p>TODO</p>
|
|
<h3 id="1124-擴展測試包">11.2.4. 擴展測試包</h3>
|
|
<p>TODO</p>
|
|
<h3 id="1125-編寫有效的測試">11.2.5. 編寫有效的測試</h3>
|
|
<p>TODO</p>
|
|
<h3 id="1126-避免的不穩定的測試">11.2.6. 避免的不穩定的測試</h3>
|
|
<p>TODO</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
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