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<ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="../index.html">Go语言圣经</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="../preface-zh.html">译者序</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="../preface.html">前言</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> 入门</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-01.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.1.</strong> Hello, World</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-02.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.</strong> 命令行参数</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-03.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.3.</strong> 查找重复的行</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-04.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.4.</strong> GIF动画</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-05.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.5.</strong> 获取URL</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-06.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.6.</strong> 并发获取多个URL</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-07.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.7.</strong> Web服务</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch1/ch1-08.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.8.</strong> 本章要点</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> 程序结构</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-01.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.</strong> 命名</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-02.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.</strong> 声明</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-03.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.</strong> 变量</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-04.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.</strong> 赋值</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-05.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.5.</strong> 类型</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-06.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.6.</strong> 包和文件</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch2/ch2-07.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.7.</strong> 作用域</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> 基础数据类型</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3-01.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> 整型</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3-02.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> 浮点数</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3-03.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> 复数</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3-04.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> 布尔型</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3-05.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> 字符串</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch3/ch3-06.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> 常量</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> 复合数据类型</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4-01.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> 数组</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4-02.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> Slice</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4-03.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> Map</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4-04.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.4.</strong> 结构体</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4-05.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.5.</strong> JSON</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch4/ch4-06.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.6.</strong> 文本和HTML模板</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch5/ch5.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> 函数</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch5/ch5-01.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> 函数声明</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch5/ch5-02.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> 递归</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch5/ch5-03.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> 多返回值</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch5/ch5-04.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> 错误</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch5/ch5-05.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> 函数值</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch5/ch5-06.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.6.</strong> 匿名函数</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch5/ch5-07.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.7.</strong> 可变参数</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch5/ch5-08.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.8.</strong> Deferred函数</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch5/ch5-09.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.9.</strong> Panic异常</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch5/ch5-10.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.10.</strong> Recover捕获异常</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch6/ch6.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.</strong> 方法</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch6/ch6-01.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.1.</strong> 方法声明</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch6/ch6-02.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.2.</strong> 基于指针对象的方法</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch6/ch6-03.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.3.</strong> 通过嵌入结构体来扩展类型</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch6/ch6-04.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.4.</strong> 方法值和方法表达式</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch6/ch6-05.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.5.</strong> 示例: Bit数组</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch6/ch6-06.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.6.</strong> 封装</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch7/ch7.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.</strong> 接口</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch7/ch7-01.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.1.</strong> 接口是合约</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch7/ch7-02.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.2.</strong> 接口类型</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch7/ch7-03.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.3.</strong> 实现接口的条件</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch7/ch7-04.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.4.</strong> flag.Value接口</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch7/ch7-05.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.5.</strong> 接口值</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch7/ch7-06.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.6.</strong> sort.Interface接口</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch7/ch7-07.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.7.</strong> http.Handler接口</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch7/ch7-08.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.8.</strong> error接口</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch7/ch7-09.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.9.</strong> 示例: 表达式求值</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch7/ch7-10.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.10.</strong> 类型断言</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch7/ch7-11.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.11.</strong> 基于类型断言识别错误类型</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch7/ch7-12.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.12.</strong> 通过类型断言查询接口</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch7/ch7-13.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.13.</strong> 类型分支</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch7/ch7-14.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.14.</strong> 示例: 基于标记的XML解码</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch7/ch7-15.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.15.</strong> 补充几点</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch8/ch8.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.</strong> Goroutines和Channels</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch8/ch8-01.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.1.</strong> Goroutines</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch8/ch8-02.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.2.</strong> 示例: 并发的Clock服务</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch8/ch8-03.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.3.</strong> 示例: 并发的Echo服务</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch8/ch8-04.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.4.</strong> Channels</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch8/ch8-05.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.5.</strong> 并发的循环</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch8/ch8-06.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.6.</strong> 示例: 并发的Web爬虫</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch8/ch8-07.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.7.</strong> 基于select的多路复用</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch8/ch8-08.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.8.</strong> 示例: 并发的目录遍历</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch8/ch8-09.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.9.</strong> 并发的退出</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch8/ch8-10.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.10.</strong> 示例: 聊天服务</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch9/ch9.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.</strong> 基于共享变量的并发</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch9/ch9-01.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.1.</strong> 竞争条件</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch9/ch9-02.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.2.</strong> sync.Mutex互斥锁</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch9/ch9-03.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.3.</strong> sync.RWMutex读写锁</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch9/ch9-04.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.4.</strong> 内存同步</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch9/ch9-05.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.5.</strong> sync.Once惰性初始化</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch9/ch9-06.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.6.</strong> 竞争条件检测</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch9/ch9-07.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.7.</strong> 示例: 并发的非阻塞缓存</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch9/ch9-08.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.8.</strong> Goroutines和线程</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch10/ch10.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.</strong> 包和工具</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch10/ch10-01.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.1.</strong> 包简介</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch10/ch10-02.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.2.</strong> 导入路径</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch10/ch10-03.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.3.</strong> 包声明</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch10/ch10-04.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.4.</strong> 导入声明</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch10/ch10-05.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.5.</strong> 包的匿名导入</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch10/ch10-06.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.6.</strong> 包和命名</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch10/ch10-07.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.7.</strong> 工具</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch11/ch11.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.</strong> 测试</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch11/ch11-01.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.1.</strong> go test</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch11/ch11-02.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.2.</strong> 测试函数</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch11/ch11-03.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.3.</strong> 测试覆盖率</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch11/ch11-04.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.4.</strong> 基准测试</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch11/ch11-05.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.5.</strong> 剖析</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch11/ch11-06.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.6.</strong> 示例函数</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch12/ch12.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.</strong> 反射</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch12/ch12-01.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.1.</strong> 为何需要反射?</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch12/ch12-02.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.2.</strong> reflect.Type和reflect.Value</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch12/ch12-03.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.3.</strong> Display递归打印</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch12/ch12-04.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.4.</strong> 示例: 编码S表达式</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch12/ch12-05.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.5.</strong> 通过reflect.Value修改值</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch12/ch12-06.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.6.</strong> 示例: 解码S表达式</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch12/ch12-07.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.7.</strong> 获取结构体字段标签</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch12/ch12-08.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.8.</strong> 显示一个类型的方法集</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch12/ch12-09.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.9.</strong> 几点忠告</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch13/ch13.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.</strong> 底层编程</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch13/ch13-01.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.1.</strong> unsafe.Sizeof, Alignof 和 Offsetof</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch13/ch13-02.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.2.</strong> unsafe.Pointer</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch13/ch13-03.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.3.</strong> 示例: 深度相等判断</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch13/ch13-04.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.4.</strong> 通过cgo调用C代码</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../ch13/ch13-05.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.5.</strong> 几点忠告</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../appendix/appendix.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.</strong> 附录</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../appendix/appendix-a-errata.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.1.</strong> 附录A：原文勘误</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../appendix/appendix-b-author.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.2.</strong> 附录B：作者译者</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../appendix/appendix-c-cpoyright.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.3.</strong> 附录C：译文授权</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../appendix/appendix-d-translations.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.4.</strong> 附录D：其它语言</a></li></ol></li></ol> </div>
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<main>
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<!-- 头部 -->
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<ul dir="auto">
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<li><em>凹语言(专为 WebAssembly 设计): <a href="https://github.com/wa-lang/wa">https://github.com/wa-lang/wa</a></em></li>
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<li><em>KCL 配置语言(Rust): <a href="https://github.com/kcl-lang/kcl">https://github.com/kcl-lang/kcl</a></em></li>
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<hr>
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<h2 id="88-示例-并发的目录遍历"><a class="header" href="#88-示例-并发的目录遍历">8.8. 示例: 并发的目录遍历</a></h2>
|
||
<p>在本小节中，我们会创建一个程序来生成指定目录的硬盘使用情况报告，这个程序和Unix里的du工具比较相似。大多数工作用下面这个walkDir函数来完成，这个函数使用dirents函数来枚举一个目录下的所有入口。</p>
|
||
<p><u><i>gopl.io/ch8/du1</i></u></p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-go">// walkDir recursively walks the file tree rooted at dir
|
||
// and sends the size of each found file on fileSizes.
|
||
func walkDir(dir string, fileSizes chan<- int64) {
|
||
for _, entry := range dirents(dir) {
|
||
if entry.IsDir() {
|
||
subdir := filepath.Join(dir, entry.Name())
|
||
walkDir(subdir, fileSizes)
|
||
} else {
|
||
fileSizes <- entry.Size()
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// dirents returns the entries of directory dir.
|
||
func dirents(dir string) []os.FileInfo {
|
||
entries, err := ioutil.ReadDir(dir)
|
||
if err != nil {
|
||
fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "du1: %v\n", err)
|
||
return nil
|
||
}
|
||
return entries
|
||
}
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>ioutil.ReadDir函数会返回一个os.FileInfo类型的slice，os.FileInfo类型也是os.Stat这个函数的返回值。对每一个子目录而言，walkDir会递归地调用其自身，同时也在递归里获取每一个文件的信息。walkDir函数会向fileSizes这个channel发送一条消息。这条消息包含了文件的字节大小。</p>
|
||
<p>下面的主函数，用了两个goroutine。后台的goroutine调用walkDir来遍历命令行给出的每一个路径并最终关闭fileSizes这个channel。主goroutine会对其从channel中接收到的文件大小进行累加，并输出其和。</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-go">package main
|
||
|
||
import (
|
||
"flag"
|
||
"fmt"
|
||
"io/ioutil"
|
||
"os"
|
||
"path/filepath"
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
func main() {
|
||
// Determine the initial directories.
|
||
flag.Parse()
|
||
roots := flag.Args()
|
||
if len(roots) == 0 {
|
||
roots = []string{"."}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// Traverse the file tree.
|
||
fileSizes := make(chan int64)
|
||
go func() {
|
||
for _, root := range roots {
|
||
walkDir(root, fileSizes)
|
||
}
|
||
close(fileSizes)
|
||
}()
|
||
|
||
// Print the results.
|
||
var nfiles, nbytes int64
|
||
for size := range fileSizes {
|
||
nfiles++
|
||
nbytes += size
|
||
}
|
||
printDiskUsage(nfiles, nbytes)
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
func printDiskUsage(nfiles, nbytes int64) {
|
||
fmt.Printf("%d files %.1f GB\n", nfiles, float64(nbytes)/1e9)
|
||
}
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>这个程序会在打印其结果之前卡住很长时间。</p>
|
||
<pre><code>$ go build gopl.io/ch8/du1
|
||
$ ./du1 $HOME /usr /bin /etc
|
||
213201 files 62.7 GB
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>如果在运行的时候能够让我们知道处理进度的话想必更好。但是，如果简单地把printDiskUsage函数调用移动到循环里会导致其打印出成百上千的输出。</p>
|
||
<p>下面这个du的变种会间歇打印内容，不过只有在调用时提供了-v的flag才会显示程序进度信息。在roots目录上循环的后台goroutine在这里保持不变。主goroutine现在使用了计时器来每500ms生成事件，然后用select语句来等待文件大小的消息来更新总大小数据，或者一个计时器的事件来打印当前的总大小数据。如果-v的flag在运行时没有传入的话，tick这个channel会保持为nil，这样在select里的case也就相当于被禁用了。</p>
|
||
<p><u><i>gopl.io/ch8/du2</i></u></p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-go">var verbose = flag.Bool("v", false, "show verbose progress messages")
|
||
|
||
func main() {
|
||
// ...start background goroutine...
|
||
|
||
// Print the results periodically.
|
||
var tick <-chan time.Time
|
||
if *verbose {
|
||
tick = time.Tick(500 * time.Millisecond)
|
||
}
|
||
var nfiles, nbytes int64
|
||
loop:
|
||
for {
|
||
select {
|
||
case size, ok := <-fileSizes:
|
||
if !ok {
|
||
break loop // fileSizes was closed
|
||
}
|
||
nfiles++
|
||
nbytes += size
|
||
case <-tick:
|
||
printDiskUsage(nfiles, nbytes)
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
printDiskUsage(nfiles, nbytes) // final totals
|
||
}
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>由于我们的程序不再使用range循环，第一个select的case必须显式地判断fileSizes的channel是不是已经被关闭了，这里可以用到channel接收的二值形式。如果channel已经被关闭了的话，程序会直接退出循环。这里的break语句用到了标签break，这样可以同时终结select和for两个循环；如果没有用标签就break的话只会退出内层的select循环，而外层的for循环会使之进入下一轮select循环。</p>
|
||
<p>现在程序会悠闲地为我们打印更新流：</p>
|
||
<pre><code>$ go build gopl.io/ch8/du2
|
||
$ ./du2 -v $HOME /usr /bin /etc
|
||
28608 files 8.3 GB
|
||
54147 files 10.3 GB
|
||
93591 files 15.1 GB
|
||
127169 files 52.9 GB
|
||
175931 files 62.2 GB
|
||
213201 files 62.7 GB
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>然而这个程序还是会花上很长时间才会结束。完全可以并发调用walkDir，从而发挥磁盘系统的并行性能。下面这个第三个版本的du，会对每一个walkDir的调用创建一个新的goroutine。它使用sync.WaitGroup（§8.5）来对仍旧活跃的walkDir调用进行计数，另一个goroutine会在计数器减为零的时候将fileSizes这个channel关闭。</p>
|
||
<p><u><i>gopl.io/ch8/du3</i></u></p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-go">func main() {
|
||
// ...determine roots...
|
||
// Traverse each root of the file tree in parallel.
|
||
fileSizes := make(chan int64)
|
||
var n sync.WaitGroup
|
||
for _, root := range roots {
|
||
n.Add(1)
|
||
go walkDir(root, &n, fileSizes)
|
||
}
|
||
go func() {
|
||
n.Wait()
|
||
close(fileSizes)
|
||
}()
|
||
// ...select loop...
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
func walkDir(dir string, n *sync.WaitGroup, fileSizes chan<- int64) {
|
||
defer n.Done()
|
||
for _, entry := range dirents(dir) {
|
||
if entry.IsDir() {
|
||
n.Add(1)
|
||
subdir := filepath.Join(dir, entry.Name())
|
||
go walkDir(subdir, n, fileSizes)
|
||
} else {
|
||
fileSizes <- entry.Size()
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>由于这个程序在高峰期会创建成百上千的goroutine，我们需要修改dirents函数，用计数信号量来阻止他同时打开太多的文件，就像我们在8.7节中的并发爬虫一样：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-go">// sema is a counting semaphore for limiting concurrency in dirents.
|
||
var sema = make(chan struct{}, 20)
|
||
|
||
// dirents returns the entries of directory dir.
|
||
func dirents(dir string) []os.FileInfo {
|
||
sema <- struct{}{} // acquire token
|
||
defer func() { <-sema }() // release token
|
||
// ...
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>这个版本比之前那个快了好几倍，尽管其具体效率还是和你的运行环境，机器配置相关。</p>
|
||
<p><strong>练习 8.9：</strong> 编写一个du工具，每隔一段时间将root目录下的目录大小计算并显示出来。</p>
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