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<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html lang="zh" class="sidebar-visible no-js light">
<head>
<!-- Book generated using https://github.com/wa-lang/mnbook -->
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>基础数据类型 - Go语言圣经</title>
<!-- Custom HTML head -->
<meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type">
<meta name="description" content="">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff" />
<link rel="icon" href="../favicon.svg">
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="../favicon.png">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../static/mnbook/css/variables.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../static/mnbook/css/general.css">
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="../static/mnbook/css/print.css" media="print">
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="../static/mnbook/tomorrow-night.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../static/mnbook/ayu-highlight.css">
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</head>
<body>
<!-- Provide site root to javascript -->
<script type="text/javascript">
var path_to_root = "../";
var default_theme = window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: dark)").matches ? "navy" : "light";
</script>
<!-- Work around some values being stored in localStorage wrapped in quotes -->
<script type="text/javascript">
try {
var theme = localStorage.getItem('mnbook-theme');
var sidebar = localStorage.getItem('mnbook-sidebar');
if (theme.startsWith('"') && theme.endsWith('"')) {
localStorage.setItem('mnbook-theme', theme.slice(1, theme.length - 1));
}
if (sidebar.startsWith('"') && sidebar.endsWith('"')) {
localStorage.setItem('mnbook-sidebar', sidebar.slice(1, sidebar.length - 1));
}
} catch (e) { }
</script>
<!-- Set the theme before any content is loaded, prevents flash -->
<script type="text/javascript">
var theme;
try { theme = localStorage.getItem('mnbook-theme'); } catch(e) { }
if (theme === null || theme === undefined) { theme = default_theme; }
var html = document.querySelector('html');
html.classList.remove('no-js')
html.classList.remove('light')
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var html = document.querySelector('html');
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try { sidebar = localStorage.getItem('mnbook-sidebar'); } catch(e) { }
sidebar = sidebar || 'visible';
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html.classList.remove('sidebar-visible');
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</script>
<nav id="sidebar" class="sidebar" aria-label="Table of contents">
<div class="sidebar-scrollbox">
<ol class="chapter">
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../index.html" >Go语言圣经</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../preface-zh.html" >译者序</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../preface.html" >前言</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch1/ch1.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> 入门</a>
</li>
<ol class="section">
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch1/ch1-01.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">1.1.</strong> Hello, World</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch1/ch1-02.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.</strong> 命令行参数</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch1/ch1-03.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">1.3.</strong> 查找重复的行</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch1/ch1-04.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">1.4.</strong> GIF动画</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch1/ch1-05.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">1.5.</strong> 获取URL</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch1/ch1-06.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">1.6.</strong> 并发获取多个URL</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch1/ch1-07.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">1.7.</strong> Web服务</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch1/ch1-08.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">1.8.</strong> 本章要点</a>
</li>
</ol>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch2/ch2.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> 程序结构</a>
</li>
<ol class="section">
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch2/ch2-01.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.</strong> 命名</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch2/ch2-02.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.</strong> 声明</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch2/ch2-03.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.</strong> 变量</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch2/ch2-04.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.</strong> 赋值</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch2/ch2-05.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">2.5.</strong> 类型</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch2/ch2-06.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">2.6.</strong> 包和文件</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch2/ch2-07.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">2.7.</strong> 作用域</a>
</li>
</ol>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch3/ch3.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> 基础数据类型</a>
</li>
<ol class="section">
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch3/ch3-01.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> 整型</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch3/ch3-02.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> 浮点数</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch3/ch3-03.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> 复数</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch3/ch3-04.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> 布尔型</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch3/ch3-05.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> 字符串</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch3/ch3-06.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> 常量</a>
</li>
</ol>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch4/ch4.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> 复合数据类型</a>
</li>
<ol class="section">
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch4/ch4-01.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> 数组</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch4/ch4-02.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> Slice</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch4/ch4-03.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> Map</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch4/ch4-04.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">4.4.</strong> 结构体</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch4/ch4-05.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">4.5.</strong> JSON</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch4/ch4-06.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">4.6.</strong> 文本和HTML模板</a>
</li>
</ol>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch5/ch5.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> 函数</a>
</li>
<ol class="section">
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch5/ch5-01.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> 函数声明</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch5/ch5-02.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> 递归</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch5/ch5-03.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> 多返回值</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch5/ch5-04.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> 错误</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch5/ch5-05.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> 函数值</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch5/ch5-06.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">5.6.</strong> 匿名函数</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch5/ch5-07.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">5.7.</strong> 可变参数</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch5/ch5-08.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">5.8.</strong> Deferred函数</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch5/ch5-09.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">5.9.</strong> Panic异常</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch5/ch5-10.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">5.10.</strong> Recover捕获异常</a>
</li>
</ol>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch6/ch6.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">6.</strong> 方法</a>
</li>
<ol class="section">
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch6/ch6-01.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">6.1.</strong> 方法声明</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch6/ch6-02.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">6.2.</strong> 基于指针对象的方法</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch6/ch6-03.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">6.3.</strong> 通过嵌入结构体来扩展类型</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch6/ch6-04.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">6.4.</strong> 方法值和方法表达式</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch6/ch6-05.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">6.5.</strong> 示例: Bit数组</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch6/ch6-06.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">6.6.</strong> 封装</a>
</li>
</ol>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch7/ch7.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">7.</strong> 接口</a>
</li>
<ol class="section">
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-01.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">7.1.</strong> 接口是合约</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-02.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">7.2.</strong> 接口类型</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-03.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">7.3.</strong> 实现接口的条件</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-04.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">7.4.</strong> flag.Value接口</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-05.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">7.5.</strong> 接口值</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-06.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">7.6.</strong> sort.Interface接口</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-07.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">7.7.</strong> http.Handler接口</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-08.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">7.8.</strong> error接口</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-09.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">7.9.</strong> 示例: 表达式求值</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-10.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">7.10.</strong> 类型断言</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-11.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">7.11.</strong> 基于类型断言识别错误类型</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-12.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">7.12.</strong> 通过类型断言查询接口</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-13.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">7.13.</strong> 类型分支</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-14.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">7.14.</strong> 示例: 基于标记的XML解码</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-15.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">7.15.</strong> 补充几点</a>
</li>
</ol>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch8/ch8.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">8.</strong> Goroutines和Channels</a>
</li>
<ol class="section">
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch8/ch8-01.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">8.1.</strong> Goroutines</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch8/ch8-02.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">8.2.</strong> 示例: 并发的Clock服务</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch8/ch8-03.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">8.3.</strong> 示例: 并发的Echo服务</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch8/ch8-04.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">8.4.</strong> Channels</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch8/ch8-05.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">8.5.</strong> 并发的循环</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch8/ch8-06.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">8.6.</strong> 示例: 并发的Web爬虫</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch8/ch8-07.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">8.7.</strong> 基于select的多路复用</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch8/ch8-08.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">8.8.</strong> 示例: 并发的目录遍历</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch8/ch8-09.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">8.9.</strong> 并发的退出</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch8/ch8-10.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">8.10.</strong> 示例: 聊天服务</a>
</li>
</ol>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch9/ch9.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">9.</strong> 基于共享变量的并发</a>
</li>
<ol class="section">
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch9/ch9-01.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">9.1.</strong> 竞争条件</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch9/ch9-02.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">9.2.</strong> sync.Mutex互斥锁</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch9/ch9-03.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">9.3.</strong> sync.RWMutex读写锁</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch9/ch9-04.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">9.4.</strong> 内存同步</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch9/ch9-05.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">9.5.</strong> sync.Once惰性初始化</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch9/ch9-06.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">9.6.</strong> 竞争条件检测</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch9/ch9-07.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">9.7.</strong> 示例: 并发的非阻塞缓存</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch9/ch9-08.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">9.8.</strong> Goroutines和线程</a>
</li>
</ol>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch10/ch10.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">10.</strong> 包和工具</a>
</li>
<ol class="section">
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch10/ch10-01.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">10.1.</strong> 包简介</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch10/ch10-02.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">10.2.</strong> 导入路径</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch10/ch10-03.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">10.3.</strong> 包声明</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch10/ch10-04.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">10.4.</strong> 导入声明</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch10/ch10-05.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">10.5.</strong> 包的匿名导入</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch10/ch10-06.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">10.6.</strong> 包和命名</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch10/ch10-07.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">10.7.</strong> 工具</a>
</li>
</ol>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch11/ch11.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">11.</strong> 测试</a>
</li>
<ol class="section">
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch11/ch11-01.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">11.1.</strong> go test</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch11/ch11-02.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">11.2.</strong> 测试函数</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch11/ch11-03.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">11.3.</strong> 测试覆盖率</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch11/ch11-04.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">11.4.</strong> 基准测试</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch11/ch11-05.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">11.5.</strong> 剖析</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch11/ch11-06.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">11.6.</strong> 示例函数</a>
</li>
</ol>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch12/ch12.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">12.</strong> 反射</a>
</li>
<ol class="section">
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch12/ch12-01.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">12.1.</strong> 为何需要反射?</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch12/ch12-02.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">12.2.</strong> reflect.Type和reflect.Value</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch12/ch12-03.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">12.3.</strong> Display递归打印</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch12/ch12-04.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">12.4.</strong> 示例: 编码S表达式</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch12/ch12-05.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">12.5.</strong> 通过reflect.Value修改值</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch12/ch12-06.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">12.6.</strong> 示例: 解码S表达式</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch12/ch12-07.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">12.7.</strong> 获取结构体字段标签</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch12/ch12-08.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">12.8.</strong> 显示一个类型的方法集</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch12/ch12-09.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">12.9.</strong> 几点忠告</a>
</li>
</ol>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch13/ch13.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">13.</strong> 底层编程</a>
</li>
<ol class="section">
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch13/ch13-01.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">13.1.</strong> unsafe.Sizeof, Alignof 和 Offsetof</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch13/ch13-02.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">13.2.</strong> unsafe.Pointer</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch13/ch13-03.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">13.3.</strong> 示例: 深度相等判断</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch13/ch13-04.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">13.4.</strong> 通过cgo调用C代码</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../ch13/ch13-05.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">13.5.</strong> 几点忠告</a>
</li>
</ol>
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
<a href="../appendix/appendix.html" ><strong aria-hidden="true">14.</strong> 附录</a>
</li>
<ol class="section">
<li class="chapter-item expanded ">
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<h1>第3章　基础数据类型</h1>
<p>虽然从底层而言，所有的数据都是由比特组成，但计算机一般操作的是固定大小的字，如整数、浮点数、比特数组、内存地址等。进一步将这些数组织在一起，就可表达更多的对象，例如数据包、像素点、诗歌，甚至其他任何对象。Go语言提供了丰富的数据组织形式，这依赖于Go语言内置的数据类型。这些内置的数据类型，兼顾了硬件的特性和表达复杂数据结构的便捷性。</p>
<p>Go语言将数据类型分为四类：基础类型、复合类型、引用类型和接口类型。本章介绍基础类型，包括：数字、字符串和布尔型。复合数据类型——数组（§4.1）和结构体（§4.2）——是通过组合简单类型，来表达更加复杂的数据结构。引用类型包括指针（§2.3.2）、切片（§4.2)）、字典（§4.3）、函数（§5）、通道（§8），虽然数据种类很多，但它们都是对程序中一个变量或状态的间接引用。这意味着对任一引用类型数据的修改都会影响所有该引用的拷贝。我们将在第7章介绍接口类型。</p>
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