2136 lines
68 KiB
HTML
2136 lines
68 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
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<html lang="zh-tw" >
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<head>
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<meta charset="UTF-8">
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<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />
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<title>測試覆蓋率 | Go编程语言</title>
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<meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type">
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<meta name="description" content="">
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<meta name="generator" content="GitBook 2.5.2">
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<meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true"/>
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, user-scalable=no">
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<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
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<link rel="next" href="../ch11/ch11-04.html" />
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<link rel="prev" href="../ch11/ch11-02.html" />
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</head>
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<body>
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<div class="book" data-level="11.3" data-chapter-title="測試覆蓋率" data-filepath="ch11/ch11-03.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Mon Dec 28 2015 16:03:52 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
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<div class="book-summary">
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<nav role="navigation">
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<ul class="summary">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="0" data-path="index.html">
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<a href="../index.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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前言
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="0.1" data-path="ch0/ch0-01.html">
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<a href="../ch0/ch0-01.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>0.1.</b>
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Go語言起源
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="0.2" data-path="ch0/ch0-02.html">
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<a href="../ch0/ch0-02.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>0.2.</b>
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Go語言項目
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="0.3" data-path="ch0/ch0-03.html">
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<a href="../ch0/ch0-03.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>0.3.</b>
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本書的組織
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="0.4" data-path="ch0/ch0-04.html">
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<a href="../ch0/ch0-04.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>0.4.</b>
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更多的信息
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="0.5" data-path="ch0/ch0-05.html">
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<a href="../ch0/ch0-05.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>0.5.</b>
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致謝
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1" data-path="ch1/ch1.html">
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<a href="../ch1/ch1.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>1.</b>
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入門
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.1" data-path="ch1/ch1-01.html">
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<a href="../ch1/ch1-01.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>1.1.</b>
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Hello, World
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2" data-path="ch1/ch1-02.html">
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<a href="../ch1/ch1-02.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>1.2.</b>
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命令行參數
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3" data-path="ch1/ch1-03.html">
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<a href="../ch1/ch1-03.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>1.3.</b>
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査找重複的行
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4" data-path="ch1/ch1-04.html">
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<a href="../ch1/ch1-04.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>1.4.</b>
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GIF動畵
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5" data-path="ch1/ch1-05.html">
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<a href="../ch1/ch1-05.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>1.5.</b>
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獲取URL
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6" data-path="ch1/ch1-06.html">
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<a href="../ch1/ch1-06.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>1.6.</b>
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併發獲取多個URL
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7" data-path="ch1/ch1-07.html">
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<a href="../ch1/ch1-07.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>1.7.</b>
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Web服務
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.8" data-path="ch1/ch1-08.html">
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<a href="../ch1/ch1-08.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>1.8.</b>
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本章要點
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2" data-path="ch2/ch2.html">
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<a href="../ch2/ch2.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>2.</b>
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程序結構
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.1" data-path="ch2/ch2-01.html">
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<a href="../ch2/ch2-01.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>2.1.</b>
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命名
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.2" data-path="ch2/ch2-02.html">
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<a href="../ch2/ch2-02.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>2.2.</b>
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聲明
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.3" data-path="ch2/ch2-03.html">
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<a href="../ch2/ch2-03.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>2.3.</b>
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變量
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.4" data-path="ch2/ch2-04.html">
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<a href="../ch2/ch2-04.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>2.4.</b>
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賦值
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.5" data-path="ch2/ch2-05.html">
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<a href="../ch2/ch2-05.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>2.5.</b>
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類型
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.6" data-path="ch2/ch2-06.html">
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<a href="../ch2/ch2-06.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>2.6.</b>
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包和文件
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.7" data-path="ch2/ch2-07.html">
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<a href="../ch2/ch2-07.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>2.7.</b>
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作用域
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3" data-path="ch3/ch3.html">
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<a href="../ch3/ch3.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>3.</b>
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基礎數據類型
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1" data-path="ch3/ch3-01.html">
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<a href="../ch3/ch3-01.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>3.1.</b>
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整型
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.2" data-path="ch3/ch3-02.html">
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<a href="../ch3/ch3-02.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>3.2.</b>
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浮點數
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.3" data-path="ch3/ch3-03.html">
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<a href="../ch3/ch3-03.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>3.3.</b>
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複數
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.4" data-path="ch3/ch3-04.html">
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<a href="../ch3/ch3-04.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>3.4.</b>
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布爾型
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.5" data-path="ch3/ch3-05.html">
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<a href="../ch3/ch3-05.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>3.5.</b>
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字符串
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.6" data-path="ch3/ch3-06.html">
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<a href="../ch3/ch3-06.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>3.6.</b>
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常量
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="4" data-path="ch4/ch4.html">
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<a href="../ch4/ch4.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>4.</b>
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複合數據類型
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1" data-path="ch4/ch4-01.html">
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<a href="../ch4/ch4-01.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>4.1.</b>
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數組
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2" data-path="ch4/ch4-02.html">
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<a href="../ch4/ch4-02.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>4.2.</b>
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切片
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="4.3" data-path="ch4/ch4-03.html">
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<a href="../ch4/ch4-03.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>4.3.</b>
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字典
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4" data-path="ch4/ch4-04.html">
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<a href="../ch4/ch4-04.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>4.4.</b>
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結構體
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5" data-path="ch4/ch4-05.html">
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<a href="../ch4/ch4-05.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>4.5.</b>
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JSON
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6" data-path="ch4/ch4-06.html">
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<a href="../ch4/ch4-06.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>4.6.</b>
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文本和HTML模闆
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="5" data-path="ch5/ch5.html">
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<a href="../ch5/ch5.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>5.</b>
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函數
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="5.1" data-path="ch5/ch5-01.html">
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<a href="../ch5/ch5-01.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>5.1.</b>
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函數聲明
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2" data-path="ch5/ch5-02.html">
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<a href="../ch5/ch5-02.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>5.2.</b>
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遞歸
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3" data-path="ch5/ch5-03.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch5/ch5-03.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>5.3.</b>
|
|
|
|
多返迴值
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4" data-path="ch5/ch5-04.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch5/ch5-04.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>5.4.</b>
|
|
|
|
錯誤
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5" data-path="ch5/ch5-05.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch5/ch5-05.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>5.5.</b>
|
|
|
|
函數值
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.6" data-path="ch5/ch5-06.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch5/ch5-06.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>5.6.</b>
|
|
|
|
匿名函數
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.7" data-path="ch5/ch5-07.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch5/ch5-07.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>5.7.</b>
|
|
|
|
可變參數
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.8" data-path="ch5/ch5-08.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch5/ch5-08.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>5.8.</b>
|
|
|
|
Deferred函數
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.9" data-path="ch5/ch5-09.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch5/ch5-09.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>5.9.</b>
|
|
|
|
Panic異常
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.10" data-path="ch5/ch5-10.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch5/ch5-10.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>5.10.</b>
|
|
|
|
Recover捕獲異常
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="6" data-path="ch6/ch6.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch6/ch6.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>6.</b>
|
|
|
|
方法
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.1" data-path="ch6/ch6-01.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch6/ch6-01.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>6.1.</b>
|
|
|
|
方法聲明
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2" data-path="ch6/ch6-02.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch6/ch6-02.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>6.2.</b>
|
|
|
|
基於指針對象的方法
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3" data-path="ch6/ch6-03.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch6/ch6-03.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>6.3.</b>
|
|
|
|
通過嵌入結構體來擴展類型
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4" data-path="ch6/ch6-04.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch6/ch6-04.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>6.4.</b>
|
|
|
|
方法值和方法表達式
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5" data-path="ch6/ch6-05.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch6/ch6-05.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>6.5.</b>
|
|
|
|
示例: Bit數組
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6" data-path="ch6/ch6-06.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch6/ch6-06.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>6.6.</b>
|
|
|
|
封裝
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7" data-path="ch7/ch7.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.</b>
|
|
|
|
接口
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.1" data-path="ch7/ch7-01.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-01.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.1.</b>
|
|
|
|
接口是合約
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.2" data-path="ch7/ch7-02.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-02.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.2.</b>
|
|
|
|
接口類型
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3" data-path="ch7/ch7-03.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-03.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.3.</b>
|
|
|
|
實現接口的條件
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.4" data-path="ch7/ch7-04.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-04.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.4.</b>
|
|
|
|
flag.Value接口
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.5" data-path="ch7/ch7-05.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-05.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.5.</b>
|
|
|
|
接口值
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.6" data-path="ch7/ch7-06.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-06.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.6.</b>
|
|
|
|
sort.Interface接口
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.7" data-path="ch7/ch7-07.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-07.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.7.</b>
|
|
|
|
http.Handler接口
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.8" data-path="ch7/ch7-08.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-08.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.8.</b>
|
|
|
|
error接口
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.9" data-path="ch7/ch7-09.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-09.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.9.</b>
|
|
|
|
示例: 表達式求值
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.10" data-path="ch7/ch7-10.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-10.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.10.</b>
|
|
|
|
類型斷言
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.11" data-path="ch7/ch7-11.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-11.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.11.</b>
|
|
|
|
基於類型斷言識别錯誤類型
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.12" data-path="ch7/ch7-12.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-12.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.12.</b>
|
|
|
|
通過類型斷言査詢接口
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.13" data-path="ch7/ch7-13.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-13.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.13.</b>
|
|
|
|
類型分支
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.14" data-path="ch7/ch7-14.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-14.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.14.</b>
|
|
|
|
示例: 基於標記的XML解碼
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.15" data-path="ch7/ch7-15.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-15.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.15.</b>
|
|
|
|
補充幾點
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8" data-path="ch8/ch8.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>8.</b>
|
|
|
|
Goroutines和Channels
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.1" data-path="ch8/ch8-01.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8-01.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>8.1.</b>
|
|
|
|
Goroutines
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.2" data-path="ch8/ch8-02.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8-02.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>8.2.</b>
|
|
|
|
示例: 併發的Clock服務
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.3" data-path="ch8/ch8-03.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8-03.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>8.3.</b>
|
|
|
|
示例: 併發的Echo服務
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.4" data-path="ch8/ch8-04.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8-04.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>8.4.</b>
|
|
|
|
Channels
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.5" data-path="ch8/ch8-05.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8-05.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>8.5.</b>
|
|
|
|
併行的循環
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.6" data-path="ch8/ch8-06.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8-06.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>8.6.</b>
|
|
|
|
示例: 併發的Web爬蟲
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.7" data-path="ch8/ch8-07.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8-07.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>8.7.</b>
|
|
|
|
基於select的多路複用
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.8" data-path="ch8/ch8-08.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8-08.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>8.8.</b>
|
|
|
|
示例: 併發的字典遍歷
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.9" data-path="ch8/ch8-09.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8-09.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>8.9.</b>
|
|
|
|
併發的退出
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.10" data-path="ch8/ch8-10.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8-10.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>8.10.</b>
|
|
|
|
示例: 聊天服務
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="9" data-path="ch9/ch9.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch9/ch9.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>9.</b>
|
|
|
|
基於共享變量的併發
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.1" data-path="ch9/ch9-01.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch9/ch9-01.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>9.1.</b>
|
|
|
|
競爭條件
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.2" data-path="ch9/ch9-02.html">
|
|
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<a href="../ch9/ch9-02.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>9.2.</b>
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sync.Mutex互斥鎖
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="9.3" data-path="ch9/ch9-03.html">
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<a href="../ch9/ch9-03.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>9.3.</b>
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sync.RWMutex讀寫鎖
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="9.4" data-path="ch9/ch9-04.html">
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<a href="../ch9/ch9-04.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>9.4.</b>
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內存同步
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="9.5" data-path="ch9/ch9-05.html">
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<a href="../ch9/ch9-05.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>9.5.</b>
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sync.Once初始化
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="9.6" data-path="ch9/ch9-06.html">
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<a href="../ch9/ch9-06.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>9.6.</b>
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競爭條件檢測
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="9.7" data-path="ch9/ch9-07.html">
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<a href="../ch9/ch9-07.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>9.7.</b>
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示例: 併發的非阻塞緩存
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="9.8" data-path="ch9/ch9-08.html">
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<a href="../ch9/ch9-08.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>9.8.</b>
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Goroutines和線程
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="10" data-path="ch10/ch10.html">
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<a href="../ch10/ch10.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>10.</b>
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包和工具
|
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</a>
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|
<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="10.1" data-path="ch10/ch10-01.html">
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<a href="../ch10/ch10-01.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>10.1.</b>
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簡介
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="10.2" data-path="ch10/ch10-02.html">
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<a href="../ch10/ch10-02.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>10.2.</b>
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導入路徑
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="10.3" data-path="ch10/ch10-03.html">
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<a href="../ch10/ch10-03.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>10.3.</b>
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包聲明
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="10.4" data-path="ch10/ch10-04.html">
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<a href="../ch10/ch10-04.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>10.4.</b>
|
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|
導入聲明
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="10.5" data-path="ch10/ch10-05.html">
|
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<a href="../ch10/ch10-05.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>10.5.</b>
|
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|
匿名導入
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="10.6" data-path="ch10/ch10-06.html">
|
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<a href="../ch10/ch10-06.html">
|
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>10.6.</b>
|
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|
|
包和命名
|
|
</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="10.7" data-path="ch10/ch10-07.html">
|
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|
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|
<a href="../ch10/ch10-07.html">
|
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>10.7.</b>
|
|
|
|
工具
|
|
</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
|
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</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="11" data-path="ch11/ch11.html">
|
|
|
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|
|
<a href="../ch11/ch11.html">
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|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>11.</b>
|
|
|
|
測試
|
|
</a>
|
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|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
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|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.1" data-path="ch11/ch11-01.html">
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<a href="../ch11/ch11-01.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>11.1.</b>
|
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|
|
go test
|
|
</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="11.2" data-path="ch11/ch11-02.html">
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<a href="../ch11/ch11-02.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>11.2.</b>
|
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|
|
測試函數
|
|
</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="chapter active" data-level="11.3" data-path="ch11/ch11-03.html">
|
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|
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|
|
<a href="../ch11/ch11-03.html">
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|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
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|
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<b>11.3.</b>
|
|
|
|
測試覆蓋率
|
|
</a>
|
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.4" data-path="ch11/ch11-04.html">
|
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<a href="../ch11/ch11-04.html">
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|
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>11.4.</b>
|
|
|
|
基準測試
|
|
</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.5" data-path="ch11/ch11-05.html">
|
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<a href="../ch11/ch11-05.html">
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|
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>11.5.</b>
|
|
|
|
剖析
|
|
</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.6" data-path="ch11/ch11-06.html">
|
|
|
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<a href="../ch11/ch11-06.html">
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|
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
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|
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<b>11.6.</b>
|
|
|
|
示例函數
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
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|
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|
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</ul>
|
|
|
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</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="12" data-path="ch12/ch12.html">
|
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|
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|
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<a href="../ch12/ch12.html">
|
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|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
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|
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<b>12.</b>
|
|
|
|
反射
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.1" data-path="ch12/ch12-01.html">
|
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<a href="../ch12/ch12-01.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
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|
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<b>12.1.</b>
|
|
|
|
爲何需要反射?
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.2" data-path="ch12/ch12-02.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch12/ch12-02.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
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|
|
<b>12.2.</b>
|
|
|
|
reflect.Type和reflect.Value
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.3" data-path="ch12/ch12-03.html">
|
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|
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<a href="../ch12/ch12-03.html">
|
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|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
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<b>12.3.</b>
|
|
|
|
Display遞歸打印
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.4" data-path="ch12/ch12-04.html">
|
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<a href="../ch12/ch12-04.html">
|
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|
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
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<b>12.4.</b>
|
|
|
|
示例: 編碼S表達式
|
|
</a>
|
|
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|
|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.5" data-path="ch12/ch12-05.html">
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<a href="../ch12/ch12-05.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>12.5.</b>
|
|
|
|
通過reflect.Value脩改值
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.6" data-path="ch12/ch12-06.html">
|
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<a href="../ch12/ch12-06.html">
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|
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>12.6.</b>
|
|
|
|
示例: 解碼S表達式
|
|
</a>
|
|
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</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.7" data-path="ch12/ch12-07.html">
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<a href="../ch12/ch12-07.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>12.7.</b>
|
|
|
|
獲取結構體字段標識
|
|
</a>
|
|
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</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.8" data-path="ch12/ch12-08.html">
|
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<a href="../ch12/ch12-08.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>12.8.</b>
|
|
|
|
顯示一個類型的方法集
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.9" data-path="ch12/ch12-09.html">
|
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<a href="../ch12/ch12-09.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>12.9.</b>
|
|
|
|
幾點忠告
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
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|
</li>
|
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|
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|
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</ul>
|
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|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="13" data-path="ch13/ch13.html">
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<a href="../ch13/ch13.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>13.</b>
|
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|
|
底層編程
|
|
</a>
|
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|
<ul class="articles">
|
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<li class="chapter " data-level="13.1" data-path="ch13/ch13-01.html">
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<a href="../ch13/ch13-01.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>13.1.</b>
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|
|
unsafe.Sizeof, Alignof 和 Offsetof
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="chapter " data-level="13.2" data-path="ch13/ch13-02.html">
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<a href="../ch13/ch13-02.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>13.2.</b>
|
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|
|
unsafe.Pointer
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="13.3" data-path="ch13/ch13-03.html">
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<a href="../ch13/ch13-03.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
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|
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<b>13.3.</b>
|
|
|
|
示例: 深度相等判斷
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="13.4" data-path="ch13/ch13-04.html">
|
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<a href="../ch13/ch13-04.html">
|
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|
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>13.4.</b>
|
|
|
|
通過cgo調用C代碼
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="13.5" data-path="ch13/ch13-05.html">
|
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|
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<a href="../ch13/ch13-05.html">
|
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|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
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|
|
<b>13.5.</b>
|
|
|
|
幾點忠告
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="14" data-path="CONTRIBUTORS.html">
|
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<a href="../CONTRIBUTORS.html">
|
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>14.</b>
|
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|
|
附録
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="divider"></li>
|
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<li>
|
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<a href="https://www.gitbook.com" target="blank" class="gitbook-link">
|
|
本書使用 GitBook 釋出
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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</ul>
|
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</nav>
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</div>
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<div class="book-body">
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<div class="body-inner">
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<div class="book-header" role="navigation">
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<!-- Actions Left -->
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<!-- Title -->
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<h1>
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<i class="fa fa-circle-o-notch fa-spin"></i>
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<a href="../" >Go编程语言</a>
|
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</h1>
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</div>
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<div class="page-wrapper" tabindex="-1" role="main">
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<div class="page-inner">
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<section class="normal" id="section-">
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<h2 id="113-測試覆蓋率">11.3. 測試覆蓋率</h2>
|
|
<p>就其性質而言, 測試不可能是完整的. 計算機科學家 Edsger Dijkstra 曾説過: "測試可以顯示存在缺陷, 但是併不是説沒有BUG." 再多的測試也不能證明一個包沒有BUG. 在最好的情況下, 測試可以增強我們的信息, 包在我們測試的環境是可以正常工作的.</p>
|
|
<p>由測試驅動觸發運行到的被測試函數的代碼數目稱爲測試的覆蓋率. 測試覆蓋率併不能量化 — 甚至連最簡單的動態程序也難以精確測量 — 但是可以啟發併幫助我們編寫的有效的測試代碼.</p>
|
|
<p>這些幫助信息中語句的覆蓋率是最簡單和最廣泛使用的. 語句的覆蓋率是指在測試中至少被運行一次的代碼占總代碼數的比例. 在本節中, 我們使用 <code>go test</code> 中集成的測試覆蓋率工具, 來度量下面代碼的測試覆蓋率, 幫助我們識别測試和我們期望間的差距.</p>
|
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<p>The code below is a table-driven test for the expression evaluator we built back in Chapter 7:</p>
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<p>下面的代碼是一個表格驅動的測試, 用於測試第七章的表達式求值程序:</p>
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<pre><code class="lang-Go">gopl.io/ch7/eval
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<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> TestCoverage(t *testing.T) {
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<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> tests = []<span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span> {
|
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input <span class="hljs-typename">string</span>
|
|
env Env
|
|
want <span class="hljs-typename">string</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// expected error from Parse/Check or result from Eval</span>
|
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}{
|
|
{<span class="hljs-string">"x % 2"</span>, <span class="hljs-constant">nil</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"unexpected '%'"</span>},
|
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{<span class="hljs-string">"!true"</span>, <span class="hljs-constant">nil</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"unexpected '!'"</span>},
|
|
{<span class="hljs-string">"log(10)"</span>, <span class="hljs-constant">nil</span>, <span class="hljs-string">`unknown function "log"`</span>},
|
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{<span class="hljs-string">"sqrt(1, 2)"</span>, <span class="hljs-constant">nil</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"call to sqrt has 2 args, want 1"</span>},
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{<span class="hljs-string">"sqrt(A / pi)"</span>, Env{<span class="hljs-string">"A"</span>: <span class="hljs-number">87616</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"pi"</span>: math.Pi}, <span class="hljs-string">"167"</span>},
|
|
{<span class="hljs-string">"pow(x, 3) + pow(y, 3)"</span>, Env{<span class="hljs-string">"x"</span>: <span class="hljs-number">9</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"y"</span>: <span class="hljs-number">10</span>}, <span class="hljs-string">"1729"</span>},
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{<span class="hljs-string">"5 / 9 * (F - 32)"</span>, Env{<span class="hljs-string">"F"</span>: -<span class="hljs-number">40</span>}, <span class="hljs-string">"-40"</span>},
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}
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<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> _, test := <span class="hljs-keyword">range</span> tests {
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expr, err := Parse(test.input)
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<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err == <span class="hljs-constant">nil</span> {
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err = expr.Check(<span class="hljs-keyword">map</span>[Var]<span class="hljs-typename">bool</span>{})
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}
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<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err != <span class="hljs-constant">nil</span> {
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<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err.Error() != test.want {
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t.Errorf(<span class="hljs-string">"%s: got %q, want %q"</span>, test.input, err, test.want)
|
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}
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<span class="hljs-keyword">continue</span>
|
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}
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got := fmt.Sprintf(<span class="hljs-string">"%.6g"</span>, expr.Eval(test.env))
|
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<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> got != test.want {
|
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t.Errorf(<span class="hljs-string">"%s: %v => %s, want %s"</span>,
|
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test.input, test.env, got, test.want)
|
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}
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}
|
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}
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</code></pre>
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<p>首先, 我們要確保所有的測試都正常通過:</p>
|
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<pre><code>$ go test -v -run=Coverage gopl.io/ch7/eval
|
|
=== RUN TestCoverage
|
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--- PASS: TestCoverage (0.00s)
|
|
PASS
|
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ok gopl.io/ch7/eval 0.011s
|
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</code></pre><p>下面這個命令可以顯示測試覆蓋率工具的用法信息:</p>
|
|
<pre><code>$ go tool cover
|
|
Usage of 'go tool cover':
|
|
Given a coverage profile produced by 'go test':
|
|
go test -coverprofile=c.out
|
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|
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Open a web browser displaying annotated source code:
|
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go tool cover -html=c.out
|
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...
|
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</code></pre><p><code>go tool</code> 命令運行Go工具鏈的底層可執行程序. 這些底層可執行程序放在 $GOROOT/pkg/tool/${GOOS}_${GOARCH} 目録. 因爲 <code>go build</code> 的原因, 我們很小直接調用這些底層工具.</p>
|
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<p>現在我們可以用 <code>-coverprofile</code> 標誌參數重新運行:</p>
|
|
<pre><code>$ go test -run=Coverage -coverprofile=c.out gopl.io/ch7/eval
|
|
ok gopl.io/ch7/eval 0.032s coverage: 68.5% of statements
|
|
</code></pre><p>這個標誌參數通過插入生成鉤子代碼來統計覆蓋率數據. 也就是説, 在運行每個測試前, 它會脩改要測試代碼的副本, 在每個塊都會設置一個布爾標誌變量. 當被脩改後的被測試代碼運行退出時, 將統計日誌數據寫入 c.out 文件, 併打印一部分執行的語句的一個總結. (如果你需要的是摘要,使用 <code>go test -cover</code>.)</p>
|
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<p>如果使用了 <code>-covermode=count</code> 標誌參數, 那麽將在每個代碼塊插入一個計數器而不是布爾標誌量. 在統計結果中記録了每個塊的執行次數, 這可以用於衡量哪些是被頻繁執行的熱點代碼.</p>
|
|
<p>爲了收集數據, 我們運行了測試覆蓋率工具, 打印了測試日誌, 生成一個HTML報告, 然後在瀏覽器中打開(圖11.3).</p>
|
|
<pre><code>$ go tool cover -html=c.out
|
|
</code></pre><p><img src="../images/ch11-03.png" alt=""></p>
|
|
<p>緑色的代碼塊被測試覆蓋到了, 紅色的則表示沒有被覆蓋到. 爲了清晰起見, 我們將的背景紅色文本的背景設置成了陰影效果. 我們可以馬上發現 unary 操作的 Eval 方法併沒有被執行到. 如果我們針對這部分未被覆蓋的代碼添加下面的測試, 然後重新運行上面的命令, 那麽我們將會看到那個紅色部分的代碼也變成緑色了:</p>
|
|
<pre><code>{"-x * -x", eval.Env{"x": 2}, "4"}
|
|
</code></pre><p>不過兩個 panic 語句依然是紅色的. 這是沒有問題的, 因爲這兩個語句併不會被執行到.</p>
|
|
<p>實現 100% 的測試覆蓋率聽起來很好, 但是在具體實踐中通常是不可行的, 也不是值得推薦的做法. 因爲那隻能説明代碼被執行過而已, 併不意味着代碼是沒有BUG的; 因爲對於邏輯複雜的語句需要針對不同的輸入執行多次. 有一些語句, 例如上面的 panic 語句則永遠都不會被執行到. 另外, 還有一些隱晦的錯誤在現實中很少遇到也很難編寫對應的測試代碼. 測試從本質上來説是一個比較務實的工作, 編寫測試代碼和編寫應用代碼的成本對比是需要考慮的. 測試覆蓋率工具可以幫助我們快速識别測試薄弱的地方, 但是設計好的測試用例和編寫應用代碼一樣需要嚴密的思考.</p>
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