mirror of
https://github.com/gopl-zh/gopl-zh.github.com.git
synced 2024-12-27 23:36:20 +00:00
2200 lines
72 KiB
HTML
2200 lines
72 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
|
|
<html lang="zh-tw" >
|
|
|
|
<head>
|
|
|
|
<meta charset="UTF-8">
|
|
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />
|
|
<title>示例: 併發的Clock服務 | Go编程语言</title>
|
|
<meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type">
|
|
<meta name="description" content="">
|
|
<meta name="generator" content="GitBook 2.5.2">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true"/>
|
|
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, user-scalable=no">
|
|
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
|
|
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black">
|
|
<link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="152x152" href="../gitbook/images/apple-touch-icon-precomposed-152.png">
|
|
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="../gitbook/images/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon">
|
|
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/style.css">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-highlight/website.css">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.css">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<link rel="next" href="../ch8/ch8-03.html" />
|
|
|
|
|
|
<link rel="prev" href="../ch8/ch8-01.html" />
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</head>
|
|
<body>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="book" data-level="8.2" data-chapter-title="示例: 併發的Clock服務" data-filepath="ch8/ch8-02.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Mon Dec 21 2015 12:51:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="book-summary">
|
|
<nav role="navigation">
|
|
<ul class="summary">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="0" data-path="index.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../index.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
前言
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="0.1" data-path="ch0/ch0-01.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch0/ch0-01.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>0.1.</b>
|
|
|
|
Go語言起源
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="0.2" data-path="ch0/ch0-02.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch0/ch0-02.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>0.2.</b>
|
|
|
|
Go語言項目
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="0.3" data-path="ch0/ch0-03.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch0/ch0-03.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>0.3.</b>
|
|
|
|
本書的組織
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="0.4" data-path="ch0/ch0-04.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch0/ch0-04.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>0.4.</b>
|
|
|
|
更多的信息
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="0.5" data-path="ch0/ch0-05.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch0/ch0-05.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>0.5.</b>
|
|
|
|
致謝
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="1" data-path="ch1/ch1.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch1/ch1.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>1.</b>
|
|
|
|
入門
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.1" data-path="ch1/ch1-01.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch1/ch1-01.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>1.1.</b>
|
|
|
|
Hello, World
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2" data-path="ch1/ch1-02.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch1/ch1-02.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>1.2.</b>
|
|
|
|
命令行參數
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3" data-path="ch1/ch1-03.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch1/ch1-03.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>1.3.</b>
|
|
|
|
査找重複的行
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4" data-path="ch1/ch1-04.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch1/ch1-04.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>1.4.</b>
|
|
|
|
GIF動畵
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5" data-path="ch1/ch1-05.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch1/ch1-05.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>1.5.</b>
|
|
|
|
穫取URL
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6" data-path="ch1/ch1-06.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch1/ch1-06.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>1.6.</b>
|
|
|
|
併發穫取多個URL
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7" data-path="ch1/ch1-07.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch1/ch1-07.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>1.7.</b>
|
|
|
|
Web服務
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.8" data-path="ch1/ch1-08.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch1/ch1-08.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>1.8.</b>
|
|
|
|
本章要點
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="2" data-path="ch2/ch2.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch2/ch2.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>2.</b>
|
|
|
|
程序結構
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.1" data-path="ch2/ch2-01.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch2/ch2-01.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>2.1.</b>
|
|
|
|
命名
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.2" data-path="ch2/ch2-02.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch2/ch2-02.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>2.2.</b>
|
|
|
|
聲明
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.3" data-path="ch2/ch2-03.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch2/ch2-03.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>2.3.</b>
|
|
|
|
變量
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.4" data-path="ch2/ch2-04.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch2/ch2-04.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>2.4.</b>
|
|
|
|
賦值
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.5" data-path="ch2/ch2-05.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch2/ch2-05.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>2.5.</b>
|
|
|
|
類型
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.6" data-path="ch2/ch2-06.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch2/ch2-06.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>2.6.</b>
|
|
|
|
包和文件
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.7" data-path="ch2/ch2-07.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch2/ch2-07.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>2.7.</b>
|
|
|
|
作用域
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="3" data-path="ch3/ch3.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch3/ch3.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>3.</b>
|
|
|
|
基礎數據類型
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1" data-path="ch3/ch3-01.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch3/ch3-01.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>3.1.</b>
|
|
|
|
整型
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.2" data-path="ch3/ch3-02.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch3/ch3-02.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>3.2.</b>
|
|
|
|
浮點數
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.3" data-path="ch3/ch3-03.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch3/ch3-03.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>3.3.</b>
|
|
|
|
複數
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.4" data-path="ch3/ch3-04.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch3/ch3-04.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>3.4.</b>
|
|
|
|
布爾型
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.5" data-path="ch3/ch3-05.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch3/ch3-05.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>3.5.</b>
|
|
|
|
字符串
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.6" data-path="ch3/ch3-06.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch3/ch3-06.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>3.6.</b>
|
|
|
|
常量
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4" data-path="ch4/ch4.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch4/ch4.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>4.</b>
|
|
|
|
複合數據類型
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1" data-path="ch4/ch4-01.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch4/ch4-01.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>4.1.</b>
|
|
|
|
數組
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2" data-path="ch4/ch4-02.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch4/ch4-02.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>4.2.</b>
|
|
|
|
切片
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.3" data-path="ch4/ch4-03.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch4/ch4-03.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>4.3.</b>
|
|
|
|
字典
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4" data-path="ch4/ch4-04.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch4/ch4-04.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>4.4.</b>
|
|
|
|
結構體
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5" data-path="ch4/ch4-05.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch4/ch4-05.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>4.5.</b>
|
|
|
|
JSON
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6" data-path="ch4/ch4-06.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch4/ch4-06.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>4.6.</b>
|
|
|
|
文本和HTML模闆
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5" data-path="ch5/ch5.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch5/ch5.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>5.</b>
|
|
|
|
函數
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.1" data-path="ch5/ch5-01.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch5/ch5-01.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>5.1.</b>
|
|
|
|
函數聲明
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2" data-path="ch5/ch5-02.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch5/ch5-02.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>5.2.</b>
|
|
|
|
遞歸
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3" data-path="ch5/ch5-03.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch5/ch5-03.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>5.3.</b>
|
|
|
|
多返迴值
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4" data-path="ch5/ch5-04.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch5/ch5-04.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>5.4.</b>
|
|
|
|
錯誤
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5" data-path="ch5/ch5-05.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch5/ch5-05.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>5.5.</b>
|
|
|
|
函數值
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.6" data-path="ch5/ch5-06.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch5/ch5-06.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>5.6.</b>
|
|
|
|
匿名函數
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.7" data-path="ch5/ch5-07.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch5/ch5-07.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>5.7.</b>
|
|
|
|
可變參數
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.8" data-path="ch5/ch5-08.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch5/ch5-08.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>5.8.</b>
|
|
|
|
Deferred函數
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.9" data-path="ch5/ch5-09.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch5/ch5-09.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>5.9.</b>
|
|
|
|
Panic異常
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.10" data-path="ch5/ch5-10.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch5/ch5-10.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>5.10.</b>
|
|
|
|
Recover捕穫異常
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="6" data-path="ch6/ch6.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch6/ch6.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>6.</b>
|
|
|
|
方法
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.1" data-path="ch6/ch6-01.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch6/ch6-01.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>6.1.</b>
|
|
|
|
方法聲明
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2" data-path="ch6/ch6-02.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch6/ch6-02.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>6.2.</b>
|
|
|
|
基於指針對象的方法
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3" data-path="ch6/ch6-03.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch6/ch6-03.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>6.3.</b>
|
|
|
|
通過嵌入結構體來擴展類型
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4" data-path="ch6/ch6-04.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch6/ch6-04.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>6.4.</b>
|
|
|
|
方法值和方法表達式
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5" data-path="ch6/ch6-05.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch6/ch6-05.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>6.5.</b>
|
|
|
|
示例: Bit數組
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6" data-path="ch6/ch6-06.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch6/ch6-06.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>6.6.</b>
|
|
|
|
封裝
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7" data-path="ch7/ch7.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.</b>
|
|
|
|
接口
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.1" data-path="ch7/ch7-01.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-01.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.1.</b>
|
|
|
|
接口是合約
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.2" data-path="ch7/ch7-02.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-02.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.2.</b>
|
|
|
|
接口類型
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3" data-path="ch7/ch7-03.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-03.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.3.</b>
|
|
|
|
實現接口的條件
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.4" data-path="ch7/ch7-04.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-04.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.4.</b>
|
|
|
|
flag.Value接口
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.5" data-path="ch7/ch7-05.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-05.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.5.</b>
|
|
|
|
接口值
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.6" data-path="ch7/ch7-06.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-06.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.6.</b>
|
|
|
|
sort.Interface接口
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.7" data-path="ch7/ch7-07.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-07.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.7.</b>
|
|
|
|
http.Handler接口
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.8" data-path="ch7/ch7-08.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-08.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.8.</b>
|
|
|
|
error接口
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.9" data-path="ch7/ch7-09.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-09.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.9.</b>
|
|
|
|
示例: 表達式求值
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.10" data-path="ch7/ch7-10.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-10.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.10.</b>
|
|
|
|
類型斷言
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.11" data-path="ch7/ch7-11.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-11.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.11.</b>
|
|
|
|
基於類型斷言識别錯誤類型
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.12" data-path="ch7/ch7-12.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-12.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.12.</b>
|
|
|
|
通過類型斷言査詢接口
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.13" data-path="ch7/ch7-13.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-13.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.13.</b>
|
|
|
|
類型分支
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.14" data-path="ch7/ch7-14.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-14.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.14.</b>
|
|
|
|
示例: 基於標記的XML解碼
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.15" data-path="ch7/ch7-15.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-15.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.15.</b>
|
|
|
|
補充幾點
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8" data-path="ch8/ch8.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>8.</b>
|
|
|
|
Goroutines和Channels
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.1" data-path="ch8/ch8-01.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8-01.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>8.1.</b>
|
|
|
|
Goroutines
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter active" data-level="8.2" data-path="ch8/ch8-02.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8-02.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>8.2.</b>
|
|
|
|
示例: 併發的Clock服務
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.3" data-path="ch8/ch8-03.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8-03.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>8.3.</b>
|
|
|
|
示例: 併發的Echo服務
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.4" data-path="ch8/ch8-04.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8-04.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>8.4.</b>
|
|
|
|
Channels
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.5" data-path="ch8/ch8-05.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8-05.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>8.5.</b>
|
|
|
|
併行的循環
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.6" data-path="ch8/ch8-06.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8-06.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>8.6.</b>
|
|
|
|
示例: 併發的Web爬蟲
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.7" data-path="ch8/ch8-07.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8-07.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>8.7.</b>
|
|
|
|
基於select的多路複用
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.8" data-path="ch8/ch8-08.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8-08.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>8.8.</b>
|
|
|
|
示例: 併發的字典遍歷
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.9" data-path="ch8/ch8-09.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8-09.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>8.9.</b>
|
|
|
|
併發的退齣
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.10" data-path="ch8/ch8-10.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8-10.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>8.10.</b>
|
|
|
|
示例: 聊天服務
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="9" data-path="ch9/ch9.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch9/ch9.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>9.</b>
|
|
|
|
基於共享變量的併發
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.1" data-path="ch9/ch9-01.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch9/ch9-01.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>9.1.</b>
|
|
|
|
競爭條件
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.2" data-path="ch9/ch9-02.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch9/ch9-02.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>9.2.</b>
|
|
|
|
sync.Mutex互斥鎖
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.3" data-path="ch9/ch9-03.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch9/ch9-03.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>9.3.</b>
|
|
|
|
sync.RWMutex讀寫鎖
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.4" data-path="ch9/ch9-04.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch9/ch9-04.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>9.4.</b>
|
|
|
|
內存同步
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.5" data-path="ch9/ch9-05.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch9/ch9-05.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>9.5.</b>
|
|
|
|
sync.Once初始化
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.6" data-path="ch9/ch9-06.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch9/ch9-06.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>9.6.</b>
|
|
|
|
競爭條件檢測
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.7" data-path="ch9/ch9-07.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch9/ch9-07.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>9.7.</b>
|
|
|
|
示例: 併發的非阻塞緩存
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.8" data-path="ch9/ch9-08.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch9/ch9-08.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>9.8.</b>
|
|
|
|
Goroutines和線程
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="10" data-path="ch10/ch10.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch10/ch10.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>10.</b>
|
|
|
|
包和工具
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.1" data-path="ch10/ch10-01.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch10/ch10-01.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>10.1.</b>
|
|
|
|
簡介
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.2" data-path="ch10/ch10-02.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch10/ch10-02.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>10.2.</b>
|
|
|
|
導入路徑
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.3" data-path="ch10/ch10-03.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch10/ch10-03.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>10.3.</b>
|
|
|
|
包聲明
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.4" data-path="ch10/ch10-04.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch10/ch10-04.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>10.4.</b>
|
|
|
|
導入聲明
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.5" data-path="ch10/ch10-05.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch10/ch10-05.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>10.5.</b>
|
|
|
|
匿名導入
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.6" data-path="ch10/ch10-06.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch10/ch10-06.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>10.6.</b>
|
|
|
|
包和命名
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.7" data-path="ch10/ch10-07.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch10/ch10-07.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>10.7.</b>
|
|
|
|
工具
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="11" data-path="ch11/ch11.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch11/ch11.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>11.</b>
|
|
|
|
測試
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.1" data-path="ch11/ch11-01.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch11/ch11-01.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>11.1.</b>
|
|
|
|
go test
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.2" data-path="ch11/ch11-02.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch11/ch11-02.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>11.2.</b>
|
|
|
|
測試函數
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.3" data-path="ch11/ch11-03.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch11/ch11-03.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>11.3.</b>
|
|
|
|
測試覆蓋率
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.4" data-path="ch11/ch11-04.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch11/ch11-04.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>11.4.</b>
|
|
|
|
基準測試
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.5" data-path="ch11/ch11-05.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch11/ch11-05.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>11.5.</b>
|
|
|
|
剖析
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.6" data-path="ch11/ch11-06.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch11/ch11-06.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>11.6.</b>
|
|
|
|
示例函數
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="12" data-path="ch12/ch12.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch12/ch12.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>12.</b>
|
|
|
|
反射
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.1" data-path="ch12/ch12-01.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch12/ch12-01.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>12.1.</b>
|
|
|
|
爲何需要反射?
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.2" data-path="ch12/ch12-02.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch12/ch12-02.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>12.2.</b>
|
|
|
|
reflect.Type和reflect.Value
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.3" data-path="ch12/ch12-03.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch12/ch12-03.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>12.3.</b>
|
|
|
|
Display遞歸打印
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.4" data-path="ch12/ch12-04.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch12/ch12-04.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>12.4.</b>
|
|
|
|
示例: 編碼S表達式
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.5" data-path="ch12/ch12-05.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch12/ch12-05.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>12.5.</b>
|
|
|
|
通過reflect.Value脩改值
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.6" data-path="ch12/ch12-06.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch12/ch12-06.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>12.6.</b>
|
|
|
|
示例: 解碼S表達式
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.7" data-path="ch12/ch12-07.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch12/ch12-07.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>12.7.</b>
|
|
|
|
穫取結構體字段標識
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.8" data-path="ch12/ch12-08.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch12/ch12-08.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>12.8.</b>
|
|
|
|
顯示一個類型的方法集
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.9" data-path="ch12/ch12-09.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch12/ch12-09.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>12.9.</b>
|
|
|
|
幾點忠告
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="13" data-path="ch13/ch13.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch13/ch13.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>13.</b>
|
|
|
|
底層編程
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="13.1" data-path="ch13/ch13-01.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch13/ch13-01.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>13.1.</b>
|
|
|
|
unsafe.Sizeof, Alignof 和 Offsetof
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="13.2" data-path="ch13/ch13-02.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch13/ch13-02.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>13.2.</b>
|
|
|
|
unsafe.Pointer
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="13.3" data-path="ch13/ch13-03.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch13/ch13-03.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>13.3.</b>
|
|
|
|
示例: 深度相等判斷
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="13.4" data-path="ch13/ch13-04.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch13/ch13-04.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>13.4.</b>
|
|
|
|
通過cgo調用C代碼
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="13.5" data-path="ch13/ch13-05.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch13/ch13-05.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>13.5.</b>
|
|
|
|
幾點忠告
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="14" data-path="errata.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../errata.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>14.</b>
|
|
|
|
勘誤
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="divider"></li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a href="https://www.gitbook.com" target="blank" class="gitbook-link">
|
|
本書使用 GitBook 釋出
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="book-body">
|
|
<div class="body-inner">
|
|
<div class="book-header" role="navigation">
|
|
<!-- Actions Left -->
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- Title -->
|
|
<h1>
|
|
<i class="fa fa-circle-o-notch fa-spin"></i>
|
|
<a href="../" >Go编程语言</a>
|
|
</h1>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="page-wrapper" tabindex="-1" role="main">
|
|
<div class="page-inner">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<section class="normal" id="section-">
|
|
|
|
<h2 id="82-示例-併發的clock服務">8.2. 示例: 併發的Clock服務</h2>
|
|
<p>網絡編程是併發大顯身手的一個領域，由於服務器是最典型的需要同時處理很多連接的程序，這些連接一般來自遠彼此獨立的客戶端。在本小節中，我們會講解go語言的net包，這個包提供編寫一個網絡客戶端或者服務器程序的基本組件，無論兩者間通信是使用TCP，UDP或者Unix domain sockets。在第一章中我們已經使用過的net/http包里的方法，也算是net包的一部分。</p>
|
|
<p>我們的第一個例子是一個順序執行的時鐘服務器，它會每隔一秒鐘將當前時間寫到客戶端：</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="lang-go">gopl.io/ch8/clock1
|
|
<span class="hljs-comment">// Clock1 is a TCP server that periodically writes the time.</span>
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> main
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> (
|
|
<span class="hljs-string">"io"</span>
|
|
<span class="hljs-string">"log"</span>
|
|
<span class="hljs-string">"net"</span>
|
|
<span class="hljs-string">"time"</span>
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> main() {
|
|
listener, err := net.Listen(<span class="hljs-string">"tcp"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"localhost:8000"</span>)
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err != <span class="hljs-constant">nil</span> {
|
|
log.Fatal(err)
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> {
|
|
conn, err := listener.Accept()
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err != <span class="hljs-constant">nil</span> {
|
|
log.Print(err) <span class="hljs-comment">// e.g., connection aborted</span>
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">continue</span>
|
|
}
|
|
handleConn(conn) <span class="hljs-comment">// handle one connection at a time</span>
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> handleConn(c net.Conn) {
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">defer</span> c.Close()
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> {
|
|
_, err := io.WriteString(c, time.Now().Format(<span class="hljs-string">"15:04:05\n"</span>))
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err != <span class="hljs-constant">nil</span> {
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// e.g., client disconnected</span>
|
|
}
|
|
time.Sleep(<span class="hljs-number">1</span> * time.Second)
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>Listen函數創建了一個net.Listener的對象，這個對象會監聽一個網絡端口上到來的連接，在這個例子里我們用的是TCP的localhost:8000端口。listener對象的Accept方法會直接阻塞，直到一個新的連接被創建，然後會返迴一個net.Conn對象來表示這個連接。</p>
|
|
<p>handleConn函數會處理一個完整的客戶端連接。在一個for死循環中，將當前的時候用time.Now()函數得到，然後寫到客戶端。由於net.Conn實現了io.Writer接口，我們可以直接向其寫入內容。這個死循環會一直執行，直到寫入失敗。最可能的原因是客戶端主動斷開連接。這種情況下handleConn函數會用defer調用關閉服務器側的連接，然後返迴到主函數，繼續等待下一個連接請求。</p>
|
|
<p>time.Time.Format方法提供了一種格式化日期和時間信息的方式。它的參數是一個格式化模闆標識如何來格式化時間，而這個格式化模闆限定爲Mon Jan 2 03:04:05PM 2006 UTC-0700。有8個部分(週幾，月份，一個月的第幾天，等等)。可以以任意的形式來組合前面這個模闆；齣現在模闆中的部分會作爲參考來對時間格式進行輸齣。在上面的例子中我們隻用到了小時、分鐘和秒。time包里定義了很多標準時間格式，比如time.RFC1123。在進行格式化的逆向操作time.Parse時，也會用到同樣的策略。(譯註：這是go語言和其它語言相比比較奇葩的一個地方。。你需要記住格式化字符串是1月2日下午3點4分5秒零六年UTC-0700，而不像其它語言那樣Y-m-d H:i:s一樣，當然了這里可以用1234567的方式來記憶，倒是也不麻煩)</p>
|
|
<p>爲了連接例子里的服務器，我們需要一個客戶端程序，比如netcat這個工具(nc命令)，這個工具可以用來執行網絡連接操作。</p>
|
|
<pre><code>$ go build gopl.io/ch8/clock1
|
|
$ ./clock1 &
|
|
$ nc localhost 8000
|
|
13:58:54
|
|
13:58:55
|
|
13:58:56
|
|
13:58:57
|
|
^C
|
|
</code></pre><p>客戶端將服務器發來的時間顯示了齣來，我們用Control+C來中斷客戶端的執行，在Unix繫統上，你會看到^C這樣的響應。如果你的繫統沒有裝nc這個工具，你可以用telnet來實現同樣的效果，或者也可以用我們下面的這個用go寫的簡單的telnet程序，用net.Dial就可以簡單地創建一個TCP連接：</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="lang-go">gopl.io/ch8/netcat1
|
|
<span class="hljs-comment">// Netcat1 is a read-only TCP client.</span>
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> main
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> (
|
|
<span class="hljs-string">"io"</span>
|
|
<span class="hljs-string">"log"</span>
|
|
<span class="hljs-string">"net"</span>
|
|
<span class="hljs-string">"os"</span>
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> main() {
|
|
conn, err := net.Dial(<span class="hljs-string">"tcp"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"localhost:8000"</span>)
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err != <span class="hljs-constant">nil</span> {
|
|
log.Fatal(err)
|
|
}
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">defer</span> conn.Close()
|
|
mustCopy(os.Stdout, conn)
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> mustCopy(dst io.Writer, src io.Reader) {
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> _, err := io.Copy(dst, src); err != <span class="hljs-constant">nil</span> {
|
|
log.Fatal(err)
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>這個程序會從連接中讀取數據，併將讀到的內容寫到標準輸齣中，直到遇到end of file的條件或者發生錯誤。mustCopy這個函數我們在本節的幾個例子中都會用到。讓我們同時運行兩個客戶端來進行一個測試，這里可以開兩個終端窗口，下面左邊的是其中的一個的輸齣，右邊的是另一個的輸齣：</p>
|
|
<pre><code>$ go build gopl.io/ch8/netcat1
|
|
$ ./netcat1
|
|
13:58:54 $ ./netcat1
|
|
13:58:55
|
|
13:58:56
|
|
^C
|
|
13:58:57
|
|
13:58:58
|
|
13:58:59
|
|
^C
|
|
$ killall clock1
|
|
</code></pre><p>killall命令是一個Unix命令行工具，可以用給定的進程名來殺掉所有名字匹配的進程。</p>
|
|
<p>第二個客戶端必鬚等待第一個客戶端完成工作，這樣服務端纔能繼續向後執行；因爲我們這里的服務器程序同一時間隻能處理一個客戶端連接。我們這里對服務端程序做一點小改動，使其支持併發：在handleConn函數調用的地方增加go關鍵字，讓每一次handleConn的調用都進入一個獨立的goroutine。</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="lang-go">gopl.io/ch8/clock2
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> {
|
|
conn, err := listener.Accept()
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err != <span class="hljs-constant">nil</span> {
|
|
log.Print(err) <span class="hljs-comment">// e.g., connection aborted</span>
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">continue</span>
|
|
}
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">go</span> handleConn(conn) <span class="hljs-comment">// handle connections concurrently</span>
|
|
}
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>現在多個客戶端可以同時接收到時間了：</p>
|
|
<pre><code>$ go build gopl.io/ch8/clock2
|
|
$ ./clock2 &
|
|
$ go build gopl.io/ch8/netcat1
|
|
$ ./netcat1
|
|
14:02:54 $ ./netcat1
|
|
14:02:55 14:02:55
|
|
14:02:56 14:02:56
|
|
14:02:57 ^C
|
|
14:02:58
|
|
14:02:59 $ ./netcat1
|
|
14:03:00 14:03:00
|
|
14:03:01 14:03:01
|
|
^C 14:03:02
|
|
^C
|
|
$ killall clock2
|
|
</code></pre><p>練習8.1: 脩改clock2來支持傳入參數作爲端口號，然後寫一個clockwall的程序，這個程序可以同時與多個clock服務器通信，從多服務器中讀取時間，併且在一個表格中一次顯示所有服務傳迴的結果，類似於你在某些辦公室里看到的時鐘牆。如果你有地理學上分布式的服務器可以用的話，讓這些服務器跑在不同的機器上面；或者在同一颱機器上跑多個不同的實例，這些實例監聽不同的端口，假裝自己在不同的時區。像下面這樣：</p>
|
|
<pre><code>$ TZ=US/Eastern ./clock2 -port 8010 &
|
|
$ TZ=Asia/Tokyo ./clock2 -port 8020 &
|
|
$ TZ=Europe/London ./clock2 -port 8030 &
|
|
$ clockwall NewYork=localhost:8010 London=localhost:8020 Tokyo=localhost:8030
|
|
</code></pre><p>練習8.2: 實現一個併發FTP服務器。服務器應該解析客戶端來的一些命令，比如cd命令來切換目録，ls來列齣目録內文件，get和send來傳輸文件，close來關閉連接。你可以用標準的ftp命令來作爲客戶端，或者也可以自己實現一個。</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8-01.html" class="navigation navigation-prev " aria-label="Previous page: Goroutines"><i class="fa fa-angle-left"></i></a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8-03.html" class="navigation navigation-next " aria-label="Next page: 示例: 併發的Echo服務"><i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i></a>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/lunr.min.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-search/search.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/buttons.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script>
|
|
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
|
var config = {"highlight":{},"search":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
|
gitbook.start(config);
|
|
});
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</body>
|
|
|
|
</html>
|