2306 lines
184 KiB
HTML
2306 lines
184 KiB
HTML
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<!doctype html>
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<html lang="zh" class="no-js">
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<head>
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1">
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<meta name="description" content="Your first book to learn Data Structure And Algorithm.">
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<meta name="author" content="Krahets">
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<link rel="canonical" href="https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_stack_and_queue/queue/">
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<meta name="generator" content="mkdocs-1.4.2, mkdocs-material-9.0.0b3">
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<title>队列（Queue） - Hello 算法</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../assets/stylesheets/main.91872f81.min.css">
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<style>:root{--md-text-font:"Roboto";--md-code-font:"Roboto Mono"}</style>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../stylesheets/extra.css">
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<script>__md_scope=new URL("../..",location),__md_hash=e=>[...e].reduce((e,_)=>(e<<5)-e+_.charCodeAt(0),0),__md_get=(e,_=localStorage,t=__md_scope)=>JSON.parse(_.getItem(t.pathname+"."+e)),__md_set=(e,_,t=localStorage,a=__md_scope)=>{try{t.setItem(a.pathname+"."+e,JSON.stringify(_))}catch(e){}}</script>
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</head>
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<body dir="ltr" data-md-color-scheme="default" data-md-color-primary="white" data-md-color-accent="">
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<script>var palette=__md_get("__palette");if(palette&&"object"==typeof palette.color)for(var key of Object.keys(palette.color))document.body.setAttribute("data-md-color-"+key,palette.color[key])</script>
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<a href="#_1" class="md-skip">
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跳转至
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<div data-md-component="announce">
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<header class="md-header" data-md-component="header">
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<nav class="md-header__inner md-grid" aria-label="页眉">
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<a href="../.." title="Hello 算法" class="md-header__button md-logo" aria-label="Hello 算法" data-md-component="logo">
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<img src="../../assets/images/logo.png" alt="logo">
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</a>
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<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__drawer">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3 6h18v2H3V6m0 5h18v2H3v-2m0 5h18v2H3v-2Z"/></svg>
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</label>
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<div class="md-header__title" data-md-component="header-title">
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<div class="md-header__ellipsis">
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<div class="md-header__topic">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Hello 算法
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</span>
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</div>
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<div class="md-header__topic" data-md-component="header-topic">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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队列（Queue）
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</span>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<form class="md-header__option" data-md-component="palette">
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<input class="md-option" data-md-color-media="" data-md-color-scheme="default" data-md-color-primary="white" data-md-color-accent="" aria-label="Switch to dark mode" type="radio" name="__palette" id="__palette_1">
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<label class="md-header__button md-icon" title="Switch to dark mode" for="__palette_2" hidden>
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 7a5 5 0 0 1 5 5 5 5 0 0 1-5 5 5 5 0 0 1-5-5 5 5 0 0 1 5-5m0 2a3 3 0 0 0-3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3-3m0-7 2.39 3.42C13.65 5.15 12.84 5 12 5c-.84 0-1.65.15-2.39.42L12 2M3.34 7l4.16-.35A7.2 7.2 0 0 0 5.94 8.5c-.44.74-.69 1.5-.83 2.29L3.34 7m.02 10 1.76-3.77a7.131 7.131 0 0 0 2.38 4.14L3.36 17M20.65 7l-1.77 3.79a7.023 7.023 0 0 0-2.38-4.15l4.15.36m-.01 10-4.14.36c.59-.51 1.12-1.14 1.54-1.86.42-.73.69-1.5.83-2.29L20.64 17M12 22l-2.41-3.44c.74.27 1.55.44 2.41.44.82 0 1.63-.17 2.37-.44L12 22Z"/></svg>
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m17.75 4.09-2.53 1.94.91 3.06-2.63-1.81-2.63 1.81.91-3.06-2.53-1.94L12.44 4l1.06-3 1.06 3 3.19.09m3.5 6.91-1.64 1.25.59 1.98-1.7-1.17-1.7 1.17.59-1.98L15.75 11l2.06-.05L18.5 9l.69 1.95 2.06.05m-2.28 4.95c.83-.08 1.72 1.1 1.19 1.85-.32.45-.66.87-1.08 1.27C15.17 23 8.84 23 4.94 19.07c-3.91-3.9-3.91-10.24 0-14.14.4-.4.82-.76 1.27-1.08.75-.53 1.93.36 1.85 1.19-.27 2.86.69 5.83 2.89 8.02a9.96 9.96 0 0 0 8.02 2.89m-1.64 2.02a12.08 12.08 0 0 1-7.8-3.47c-2.17-2.19-3.33-5-3.49-7.82-2.81 3.14-2.7 7.96.31 10.98 3.02 3.01 7.84 3.12 10.98.31Z"/></svg>
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</form>
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<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__search">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 16 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 4.23l.27.27h.79l5 5-1.5 1.5-5-5v-.79l-.27-.27A6.516 6.516 0 0 1 9.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 3 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 9.5 3m0 2C7 5 5 7 5 9.5S7 14 9.5 14 14 12 14 9.5 12 5 9.5 5Z"/></svg>
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<form class="md-search__form" name="search">
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<input type="text" class="md-search__input" name="query" aria-label="搜索" placeholder="搜索" autocapitalize="off" autocorrect="off" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false" data-md-component="search-query" required>
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<label class="md-search__icon md-icon" for="__search">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 16 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 4.23l.27.27h.79l5 5-1.5 1.5-5-5v-.79l-.27-.27A6.516 6.516 0 0 1 9.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 3 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 9.5 3m0 2C7 5 5 7 5 9.5S7 14 9.5 14 14 12 14 9.5 12 5 9.5 5Z"/></svg>
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20 11v2H8l5.5 5.5-1.42 1.42L4.16 12l7.92-7.92L13.5 5.5 8 11h12Z"/></svg>
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<nav class="md-search__options" aria-label="查找">
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<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="md-search__icon md-icon" title="分享" aria-label="分享" data-clipboard data-clipboard-text="" data-md-component="search-share" tabindex="-1">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M18 16.08c-.76 0-1.44.3-1.96.77L8.91 12.7c.05-.23.09-.46.09-.7 0-.24-.04-.47-.09-.7l7.05-4.11c.54.5 1.25.81 2.04.81a3 3 0 0 0 3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3 3c0 .24.04.47.09.7L8.04 9.81C7.5 9.31 6.79 9 6 9a3 3 0 0 0-3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3c.79 0 1.5-.31 2.04-.81l7.12 4.15c-.05.21-.08.43-.08.66 0 1.61 1.31 2.91 2.92 2.91 1.61 0 2.92-1.3 2.92-2.91A2.92 2.92 0 0 0 18 16.08Z"/></svg>
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<button type="reset" class="md-search__icon md-icon" title="清空当前内容" aria-label="清空当前内容" tabindex="-1">
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</nav>
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<div class="md-search__suggest" data-md-component="search-suggest"></div>
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<div class="md-search__output">
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<div class="md-search__scrollwrap" data-md-scrollfix>
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<div class="md-search-result" data-md-component="search-result">
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<div class="md-search-result__meta">
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正在初始化搜索引擎
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</div>
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<ol class="md-search-result__list"></ol>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="md-header__source">
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<a href="https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo" title="前往仓库" class="md-source" data-md-component="source">
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<div class="md-source__icon md-icon">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M165.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6zm-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3zm44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9zM244.8 8C106.1 8 0 113.3 0 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C428.2 457.8 496 362.9 496 252 496 113.3 383.5 8 244.8 8zM97.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1zm-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7zm32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1zm-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9 1.6 2.3 4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3 1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2z"/></svg>
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<div class="md-source__repository">
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krahets/hello-algo
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</div>
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</nav>
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<div class="md-container" data-md-component="container">
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<main class="md-main" data-md-component="main">
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<nav class="md-nav md-nav--primary" aria-label="导航栏" data-md-level="0">
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<a href="../.." title="Hello 算法" class="md-nav__button md-logo" aria-label="Hello 算法" data-md-component="logo">
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<img src="../../assets/images/logo.png" alt="logo">
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</a>
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Hello 算法
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</label>
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<div class="md-nav__source">
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<a href="https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo" title="前往仓库" class="md-source" data-md-component="source">
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|
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|
|||
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|
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|
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_5">
|
|||
|
|
数组与链表
|
|||
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|||
|
|
</label>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="数组与链表" data-md-level="1">
|
|||
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5">
|
|||
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|||
|
|
数组与链表
|
|||
|
|
</label>
|
|||
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
|||
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|
|||
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|
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|
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|
|||
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|||
|
|
<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|||
|
|
数组（Array）
|
|||
|
|
</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
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|
|||
|
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|
|||
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|
|||
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|
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|
|||
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|||
|
|
<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|||
|
|
链表（LinkedList）
|
|||
|
|
</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
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|
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|
|||
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|||
|
|
<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|||
|
|
列表（List）
|
|||
|
|
</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
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|
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|
|||
|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|||
|
|
<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|||
|
|
小结
|
|||
|
|
</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
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|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
</nav>
|
|||
|
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</li>
|
|||
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
|||
|
|
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_6" type="checkbox" id="__nav_6" checked>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_6">
|
|||
|
|
栈与队列
|
|||
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|||
|
|
</label>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="栈与队列" data-md-level="1">
|
|||
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_6">
|
|||
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|||
|
|
栈与队列
|
|||
|
|
</label>
|
|||
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
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|
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|
|||
|
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|
|||
|
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|
|||
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|||
|
|
<a href="../stack/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|||
|
|
栈（Stack）
|
|||
|
|
</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
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|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
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|
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|
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|
|||
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active">
|
|||
|
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|
|||
|
|
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="toc" type="checkbox" id="__toc">
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
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|
|||
|
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|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<label class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" for="__toc">
|
|||
|
|
队列（Queue）
|
|||
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|||
|
|
</label>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<a href="./" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
|
|||
|
|
队列（Queue）
|
|||
|
|
</a>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="目录">
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
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|
|||
|
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|
|||
|
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|
|||
|
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|
|||
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
|
|||
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|||
|
|
目录
|
|||
|
|
</label>
|
|||
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|||
|
|
<a href="#_2" class="md-nav__link">
|
|||
|
|
队列常用操作
|
|||
|
|
</a>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|||
|
|
<a href="#_3" class="md-nav__link">
|
|||
|
|
队列实现
|
|||
|
|
</a>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="队列实现">
|
|||
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list">
|
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|
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|
|||
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|||
|
|
<a href="#_4" class="md-nav__link">
|
|||
|
|
基于链表的实现
|
|||
|
|
</a>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|||
|
|
<a href="#_5" class="md-nav__link">
|
|||
|
|
基于数组的实现
|
|||
|
|
</a>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
</nav>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|||
|
|
<a href="#_6" class="md-nav__link">
|
|||
|
|
队列典型应用
|
|||
|
|
</a>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
</nav>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
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|
|||
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|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|||
|
|
<a href="../deque/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|||
|
|
双向队列（Deque）
|
|||
|
|
</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
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|
|||
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|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|||
|
|
<a href="../summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|||
|
|
小结
|
|||
|
|
</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
</nav>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
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|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
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|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
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|
|||
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_7" type="checkbox" id="__nav_7" >
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
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|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_7">
|
|||
|
|
散列表
|
|||
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|||
|
|
</label>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="散列表" data-md-level="1">
|
|||
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
|
|||
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|||
|
|
散列表
|
|||
|
|
</label>
|
|||
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
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|
|||
|
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|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|||
|
|
<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|||
|
|
哈希表（HashMap）
|
|||
|
|
</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
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|
|||
|
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|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
|
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|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|||
|
|
<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_collision/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|||
|
|
哈希冲突处理
|
|||
|
|
</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
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|
|||
|
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|
|||
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|
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|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
|
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|
|||
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|||
|
|
<a href="../../chapter_hashing/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|||
|
|
小结
|
|||
|
|
</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
</nav>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
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|
|
|||
|
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|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
|
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|
|||
|
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|
|||
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_8" type="checkbox" id="__nav_8" >
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
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|
|||
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|
|||
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_8">
|
|||
|
|
二叉树
|
|||
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|||
|
|
</label>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="二叉树" data-md-level="1">
|
|||
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_8">
|
|||
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|||
|
|
二叉树
|
|||
|
|
</label>
|
|||
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
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|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|||
|
|
<a href="../../chapter_tree/binary_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|||
|
|
二叉树（Binary Tree）
|
|||
|
|
</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
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|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
|
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|
|||
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|||
|
|
<a href="../../chapter_tree/binary_tree_types/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|||
|
|
二叉树常见类型
|
|||
|
|
</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
|||
|
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|
|||
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|||
|
|
<a href="../../chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|||
|
|
二叉搜索树
|
|||
|
|
</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|||
|
|
<a href="../../chapter_tree/avl_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|||
|
|
AVL 树 *
|
|||
|
|
</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
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|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
|
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|
|||
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|||
|
|
<a href="../../chapter_tree/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|||
|
|
小结
|
|||
|
|
</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
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|
|||
|
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|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
</nav>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
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|
|||
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|
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|
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_9">
|
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查找算法
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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</label>
|
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="查找算法" data-md-level="1">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_9">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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查找算法
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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线性查找
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/binary_search/" class="md-nav__link">
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二分查找
|
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/hashing_search/" class="md-nav__link">
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哈希查找
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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小结
|
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_10">
|
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排序算法
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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|
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="排序算法" data-md-level="1">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_10">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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排序算法
|
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|
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|
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|
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/intro_to_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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排序简介
|
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</a>
|
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|
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/bubble_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|||
|
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冒泡排序
|
|||
|
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</a>
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|||
|
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/insertion_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|||
|
|
插入排序
|
|||
|
|
</a>
|
|||
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|
|||
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|||
|
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/quick_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|||
|
|
快速排序
|
|||
|
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</a>
|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
|
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/merge_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|||
|
|
归并排序
|
|||
|
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</a>
|
|||
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|
|||
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|||
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|||
|
|
小结
|
|||
|
|
</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
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|
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|
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|
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</nav>
|
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|
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_11" type="checkbox" id="__nav_11" >
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--index ">
|
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|
|
<a href="../../chapter_reference/">参考文献</a>
|
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|
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|
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</div>
|
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|
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|
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="参考文献" data-md-level="1">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_11">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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参考文献
|
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|
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</label>
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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|
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|
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|
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</nav>
|
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|
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</div>
|
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</div>
|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
|
|
<div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--secondary" data-md-component="sidebar" data-md-type="toc" >
|
|||
|
|
<div class="md-sidebar__scrollwrap">
|
|||
|
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<div class="md-sidebar__inner">
|
|||
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|
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|
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<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="目录">
|
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
|
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|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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|
|
目录
|
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|
|
</label>
|
|||
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|||
|
|
<a href="#_2" class="md-nav__link">
|
|||
|
|
队列常用操作
|
|||
|
|
</a>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|||
|
|
<a href="#_3" class="md-nav__link">
|
|||
|
|
队列实现
|
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|
|
</a>
|
|||
|
|
|
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|
|
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="队列实现">
|
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|
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<ul class="md-nav__list">
|
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|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|||
|
|
<a href="#_4" class="md-nav__link">
|
|||
|
|
基于链表的实现
|
|||
|
|
</a>
|
|||
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|
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|
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|
|||
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|||
|
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<a href="#_5" class="md-nav__link">
|
|||
|
|
基于数组的实现
|
|||
|
|
</a>
|
|||
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|
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|
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|
|||
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|||
|
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<a href="#_6" class="md-nav__link">
|
|||
|
|
队列典型应用
|
|||
|
|
</a>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
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|
|||
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|
|||
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</nav>
|
|||
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</div>
|
|||
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</div>
|
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|
</div>
|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<div class="md-content" data-md-component="content">
|
|||
|
|
<article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo/tree/master/docs/chapter_stack_and_queue/queue.md" title="编辑此页" class="md-content__button md-icon">
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20.71 7.04c.39-.39.39-1.04 0-1.41l-2.34-2.34c-.37-.39-1.02-.39-1.41 0l-1.84 1.83 3.75 3.75M3 17.25V21h3.75L17.81 9.93l-3.75-3.75L3 17.25Z"/></svg>
|
|||
|
|
</a>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<h1 id="_1">队列<a class="headerlink" href="#_1" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h1>
|
|||
|
|
<p>「队列 Queue」是一种遵循「先入先出 first in, first out」数据操作规则的线性数据结构。顾名思义，队列模拟的是排队现象，即外面的人不断加入队列尾部，而处于队列头部的人不断地离开。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>我们将队列头部称为「队首」，队列尾部称为「队尾」，将把元素加入队尾的操作称为「入队」，删除队首元素的操作称为「出队」。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><img alt="queue_operations" src="../queue.assets/queue_operations.png" /></p>
|
|||
|
|
<p align="center"> Fig. 队列的先入先出特性 </p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<h2 id="_2">队列常用操作<a class="headerlink" href="#_2" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
|||
|
|
<p>队列的常用操作见下表，方法命名需根据编程语言的设定来具体确定。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p align="center"> Table. 队列的常用操作 </p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<div class="center-table">
|
|||
|
|
<table>
|
|||
|
|
<thead>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<th>方法</th>
|
|||
|
|
<th>描述</th>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
</thead>
|
|||
|
|
<tbody>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>offer()</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>元素入队，即将元素添加至队尾</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>poll()</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>队首元素出队</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>front()</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>访问队首元素</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>size()</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>获取队列的长度</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>isEmpty()</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>判断队列是否为空</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
</tbody>
|
|||
|
|
</table>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<p>我们可以直接使用编程语言实现好的队列类。</p>
|
|||
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<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="1:8"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_1_1" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_2" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_3" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_4" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_5" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_6" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_7" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_8" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_1_1">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_1_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_1_3">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_1_4">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_1_5">JavaScript</label><label for="__tabbed_1_6">TypeScript</label><label for="__tabbed_1_7">C</label><label for="__tabbed_1_8">C#</label></div>
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<div class="tabbed-content">
|
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<div class="tabbed-block">
|
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">queue.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 初始化队列 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2" href="#__codelineno-0-2"></a><span class="n">Queue</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LinkedList</span><span class="o"><></span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
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<a id="__codelineno-0-3" name="__codelineno-0-3" href="#__codelineno-0-3"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-0-4" name="__codelineno-0-4" href="#__codelineno-0-4"></a><span class="cm">/* 元素入队 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
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<a id="__codelineno-0-5" name="__codelineno-0-5" href="#__codelineno-0-5"></a><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">offer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
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<a id="__codelineno-0-6" name="__codelineno-0-6" href="#__codelineno-0-6"></a><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">offer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-0-7" name="__codelineno-0-7" href="#__codelineno-0-7"></a><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">offer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
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<a id="__codelineno-0-8" name="__codelineno-0-8" href="#__codelineno-0-8"></a><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">offer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
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<a id="__codelineno-0-9" name="__codelineno-0-9" href="#__codelineno-0-9"></a><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">offer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
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<a id="__codelineno-0-10" name="__codelineno-0-10" href="#__codelineno-0-10"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-0-11" name="__codelineno-0-11" href="#__codelineno-0-11"></a><span class="cm">/* 访问队首元素 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
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<a id="__codelineno-0-12" name="__codelineno-0-12" href="#__codelineno-0-12"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">peek</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
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<a id="__codelineno-0-13" name="__codelineno-0-13" href="#__codelineno-0-13"></a>
|
|||
|
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<a id="__codelineno-0-14" name="__codelineno-0-14" href="#__codelineno-0-14"></a><span class="cm">/* 元素出队 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
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<a id="__codelineno-0-15" name="__codelineno-0-15" href="#__codelineno-0-15"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">poll</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">poll</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-0-16" name="__codelineno-0-16" href="#__codelineno-0-16"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-0-17" name="__codelineno-0-17" href="#__codelineno-0-17"></a><span class="cm">/* 获取队列的长度 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-0-18" name="__codelineno-0-18" href="#__codelineno-0-18"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">size</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-0-19" name="__codelineno-0-19" href="#__codelineno-0-19"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-0-20" name="__codelineno-0-20" href="#__codelineno-0-20"></a><span class="cm">/* 判断队列是否为空 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-0-21" name="__codelineno-0-21" href="#__codelineno-0-21"></a><span class="kt">boolean</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">isEmpty</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
|||
|
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">queue.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 初始化队列 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-1-2" name="__codelineno-1-2" href="#__codelineno-1-2"></a><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
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<a id="__codelineno-1-3" name="__codelineno-1-3" href="#__codelineno-1-3"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-1-4" name="__codelineno-1-4" href="#__codelineno-1-4"></a><span class="cm">/* 元素入队 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-1-5" name="__codelineno-1-5" href="#__codelineno-1-5"></a><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-1-6" name="__codelineno-1-6" href="#__codelineno-1-6"></a><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-1-7" name="__codelineno-1-7" href="#__codelineno-1-7"></a><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-1-8" name="__codelineno-1-8" href="#__codelineno-1-8"></a><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-1-9" name="__codelineno-1-9" href="#__codelineno-1-9"></a><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-1-10" name="__codelineno-1-10" href="#__codelineno-1-10"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-1-11" name="__codelineno-1-11" href="#__codelineno-1-11"></a><span class="cm">/* 访问队首元素 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-1-12" name="__codelineno-1-12" href="#__codelineno-1-12"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">front</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-1-13" name="__codelineno-1-13" href="#__codelineno-1-13"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-1-14" name="__codelineno-1-14" href="#__codelineno-1-14"></a><span class="cm">/* 元素出队 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-1-15" name="__codelineno-1-15" href="#__codelineno-1-15"></a><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-1-16" name="__codelineno-1-16" href="#__codelineno-1-16"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-1-17" name="__codelineno-1-17" href="#__codelineno-1-17"></a><span class="cm">/* 获取队列的长度 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-1-18" name="__codelineno-1-18" href="#__codelineno-1-18"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-1-19" name="__codelineno-1-19" href="#__codelineno-1-19"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-1-20" name="__codelineno-1-20" href="#__codelineno-1-20"></a><span class="cm">/* 判断队列是否为空 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-1-21" name="__codelineno-1-21" href="#__codelineno-1-21"></a><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">empty</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">empty</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
|||
|
|
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">queue.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a><span class="sd">""" 初始化队列 """</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-2-2" name="__codelineno-2-2" href="#__codelineno-2-2"></a><span class="c1"># 在 Python 中，我们一般将双向队列类 deque 看左队列使用</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-2-3" name="__codelineno-2-3" href="#__codelineno-2-3"></a><span class="c1"># 虽然 queue.Queue() 是纯正的队列类，但不太好用，因此不建议</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-2-4" name="__codelineno-2-4" href="#__codelineno-2-4"></a><span class="n">que</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">collections</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">deque</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-2-5" name="__codelineno-2-5" href="#__codelineno-2-5"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-2-6" name="__codelineno-2-6" href="#__codelineno-2-6"></a><span class="sd">""" 元素入队 """</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-2-7" name="__codelineno-2-7" href="#__codelineno-2-7"></a><span class="n">que</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-2-8" name="__codelineno-2-8" href="#__codelineno-2-8"></a><span class="n">que</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-2-9" name="__codelineno-2-9" href="#__codelineno-2-9"></a><span class="n">que</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-2-10" name="__codelineno-2-10" href="#__codelineno-2-10"></a><span class="n">que</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-2-11" name="__codelineno-2-11" href="#__codelineno-2-11"></a><span class="n">que</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-2-12" name="__codelineno-2-12" href="#__codelineno-2-12"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-2-13" name="__codelineno-2-13" href="#__codelineno-2-13"></a><span class="sd">""" 访问队首元素 """</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-2-14" name="__codelineno-2-14" href="#__codelineno-2-14"></a><span class="n">front</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">que</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-2-15" name="__codelineno-2-15" href="#__codelineno-2-15"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-2-16" name="__codelineno-2-16" href="#__codelineno-2-16"></a><span class="sd">""" 元素出队 """</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-2-17" name="__codelineno-2-17" href="#__codelineno-2-17"></a><span class="n">pop</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">que</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">popleft</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-2-18" name="__codelineno-2-18" href="#__codelineno-2-18"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-2-19" name="__codelineno-2-19" href="#__codelineno-2-19"></a><span class="sd">""" 获取队列的长度 """</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-2-20" name="__codelineno-2-20" href="#__codelineno-2-20"></a><span class="n">size</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">que</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-2-21" name="__codelineno-2-21" href="#__codelineno-2-21"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-2-22" name="__codelineno-2-22" href="#__codelineno-2-22"></a><span class="sd">""" 判断队列是否为空 """</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-2-23" name="__codelineno-2-23" href="#__codelineno-2-23"></a><span class="n">is_empty</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">que</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
|
|||
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
|||
|
|
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">queue.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1" href="#__codelineno-3-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 初始化队列 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-2" name="__codelineno-3-2" href="#__codelineno-3-2"></a><span class="c1">// 在 Go 中，将 list 作为队列来使用</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-3" name="__codelineno-3-3" href="#__codelineno-3-3"></a><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">list</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">New</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-4" name="__codelineno-3-4" href="#__codelineno-3-4"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-5" name="__codelineno-3-5" href="#__codelineno-3-5"></a><span class="cm">/* 元素入队 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-6" name="__codelineno-3-6" href="#__codelineno-3-6"></a><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">PushBack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-7" name="__codelineno-3-7" href="#__codelineno-3-7"></a><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">PushBack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-8" name="__codelineno-3-8" href="#__codelineno-3-8"></a><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">PushBack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-9" name="__codelineno-3-9" href="#__codelineno-3-9"></a><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">PushBack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-10" name="__codelineno-3-10" href="#__codelineno-3-10"></a><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">PushBack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-11" name="__codelineno-3-11" href="#__codelineno-3-11"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-12" name="__codelineno-3-12" href="#__codelineno-3-12"></a><span class="cm">/* 访问队首元素 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-13" name="__codelineno-3-13" href="#__codelineno-3-13"></a><span class="nx">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Front</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-14" name="__codelineno-3-14" href="#__codelineno-3-14"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-15" name="__codelineno-3-15" href="#__codelineno-3-15"></a><span class="cm">/* 元素出队 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-16" name="__codelineno-3-16" href="#__codelineno-3-16"></a><span class="nx">poll</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Front</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-17" name="__codelineno-3-17" href="#__codelineno-3-17"></a><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">poll</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-18" name="__codelineno-3-18" href="#__codelineno-3-18"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-19" name="__codelineno-3-19" href="#__codelineno-3-19"></a><span class="cm">/* 获取队列的长度 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-20" name="__codelineno-3-20" href="#__codelineno-3-20"></a><span class="nx">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Len</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-21" name="__codelineno-3-21" href="#__codelineno-3-21"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-22" name="__codelineno-3-22" href="#__codelineno-3-22"></a><span class="cm">/* 判断队列是否为空 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-23" name="__codelineno-3-23" href="#__codelineno-3-23"></a><span class="nx">isEmpty</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Len</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
|||
|
|
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">queue.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-4-1" name="__codelineno-4-1" href="#__codelineno-4-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 初始化队列 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-4-2" name="__codelineno-4-2" href="#__codelineno-4-2"></a><span class="c1">// JavaScript 没有内置的队列，可以把 Array 当作队列来使用 </span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-4-3" name="__codelineno-4-3" href="#__codelineno-4-3"></a><span class="c1">// 注意：由于是数组，所以 shift() 的时间复杂度是 O(n)</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-4-4" name="__codelineno-4-4" href="#__codelineno-4-4"></a><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[];</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-4-5" name="__codelineno-4-5" href="#__codelineno-4-5"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-4-6" name="__codelineno-4-6" href="#__codelineno-4-6"></a><span class="cm">/* 元素入队 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-4-7" name="__codelineno-4-7" href="#__codelineno-4-7"></a><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-4-8" name="__codelineno-4-8" href="#__codelineno-4-8"></a><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">3</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-4-9" name="__codelineno-4-9" href="#__codelineno-4-9"></a><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-4-10" name="__codelineno-4-10" href="#__codelineno-4-10"></a><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">5</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-4-11" name="__codelineno-4-11" href="#__codelineno-4-11"></a><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">4</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-4-12" name="__codelineno-4-12" href="#__codelineno-4-12"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-4-13" name="__codelineno-4-13" href="#__codelineno-4-13"></a><span class="cm">/* 访问队首元素 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-4-14" name="__codelineno-4-14" href="#__codelineno-4-14"></a><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-4-15" name="__codelineno-4-15" href="#__codelineno-4-15"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-4-16" name="__codelineno-4-16" href="#__codelineno-4-16"></a><span class="cm">/* 元素出队 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-4-17" name="__codelineno-4-17" href="#__codelineno-4-17"></a><span class="c1">// O(n)</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-4-18" name="__codelineno-4-18" href="#__codelineno-4-18"></a><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">poll</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">shift</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-4-19" name="__codelineno-4-19" href="#__codelineno-4-19"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-4-20" name="__codelineno-4-20" href="#__codelineno-4-20"></a><span class="cm">/* 获取队列的长度 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-4-21" name="__codelineno-4-21" href="#__codelineno-4-21"></a><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-4-22" name="__codelineno-4-22" href="#__codelineno-4-22"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-4-23" name="__codelineno-4-23" href="#__codelineno-4-23"></a><span class="cm">/* 判断队列是否为空 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-4-24" name="__codelineno-4-24" href="#__codelineno-4-24"></a><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">empty</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
|||
|
|
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">queue.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1" href="#__codelineno-5-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 初始化队列 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-5-2" name="__codelineno-5-2" href="#__codelineno-5-2"></a><span class="c1">// TypeScript 没有内置的队列，可以把 Array 当作队列来使用 </span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-5-3" name="__codelineno-5-3" href="#__codelineno-5-3"></a><span class="c1">// 注意：由于是数组，所以 shift() 的时间复杂度是 O(n)</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-5-4" name="__codelineno-5-4" href="#__codelineno-5-4"></a><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[];</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-5-5" name="__codelineno-5-5" href="#__codelineno-5-5"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-5-6" name="__codelineno-5-6" href="#__codelineno-5-6"></a><span class="cm">/* 元素入队 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-5-7" name="__codelineno-5-7" href="#__codelineno-5-7"></a><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-5-8" name="__codelineno-5-8" href="#__codelineno-5-8"></a><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">3</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-5-9" name="__codelineno-5-9" href="#__codelineno-5-9"></a><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-5-10" name="__codelineno-5-10" href="#__codelineno-5-10"></a><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">5</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-5-11" name="__codelineno-5-11" href="#__codelineno-5-11"></a><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">4</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-5-12" name="__codelineno-5-12" href="#__codelineno-5-12"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-5-13" name="__codelineno-5-13" href="#__codelineno-5-13"></a><span class="cm">/* 访问队首元素 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-5-14" name="__codelineno-5-14" href="#__codelineno-5-14"></a><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-5-15" name="__codelineno-5-15" href="#__codelineno-5-15"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-5-16" name="__codelineno-5-16" href="#__codelineno-5-16"></a><span class="cm">/* 元素出队 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-5-17" name="__codelineno-5-17" href="#__codelineno-5-17"></a><span class="c1">// O(n)</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-5-18" name="__codelineno-5-18" href="#__codelineno-5-18"></a><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">poll</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">shift</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-5-19" name="__codelineno-5-19" href="#__codelineno-5-19"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-5-20" name="__codelineno-5-20" href="#__codelineno-5-20"></a><span class="cm">/* 获取队列的长度 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-5-21" name="__codelineno-5-21" href="#__codelineno-5-21"></a><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-5-22" name="__codelineno-5-22" href="#__codelineno-5-22"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-5-23" name="__codelineno-5-23" href="#__codelineno-5-23"></a><span class="cm">/* 判断队列是否为空 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-5-24" name="__codelineno-5-24" href="#__codelineno-5-24"></a><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">empty</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
|||
|
|
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">queue.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1" href="#__codelineno-6-1"></a>
|
|||
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
|||
|
|
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">queue.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-7-1" name="__codelineno-7-1" href="#__codelineno-7-1"></a>
|
|||
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<h2 id="_3">队列实现<a class="headerlink" href="#_3" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
|||
|
|
<p>队列需要一种可以在一端添加，并在另一端删除的数据结构，也可以使用链表或数组来实现。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<h3 id="_4">基于链表的实现<a class="headerlink" href="#_4" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
|||
|
|
<p>我们将链表的「头结点」和「尾结点」分别看作是队首和队尾，并规定队尾只可添加结点，队首只可删除结点。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="2:8"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_2_1" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_2" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_3" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_4" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_5" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_6" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_7" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_8" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_2_1">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_2_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_2_3">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_2_4">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_2_5">JavaScript</label><label for="__tabbed_2_6">TypeScript</label><label for="__tabbed_2_7">C</label><label for="__tabbed_2_8">C#</label></div>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="tabbed-content">
|
|||
|
|
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
|||
|
|
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">linkedlist_queue.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-8-1" name="__codelineno-8-1" href="#__codelineno-8-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 基于链表实现的队列 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-2" name="__codelineno-8-2" href="#__codelineno-8-2"></a><span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">LinkedListQueue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-3" name="__codelineno-8-3" href="#__codelineno-8-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 头结点 front ，尾结点 rear </span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-4" name="__codelineno-8-4" href="#__codelineno-8-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-5" name="__codelineno-8-5" href="#__codelineno-8-5"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-6" name="__codelineno-8-6" href="#__codelineno-8-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">LinkedListQueue</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-7" name="__codelineno-8-7" href="#__codelineno-8-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-8" name="__codelineno-8-8" href="#__codelineno-8-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-9" name="__codelineno-8-9" href="#__codelineno-8-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-10" name="__codelineno-8-10" href="#__codelineno-8-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 获取队列的长度 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-11" name="__codelineno-8-11" href="#__codelineno-8-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-12" name="__codelineno-8-12" href="#__codelineno-8-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-13" name="__codelineno-8-13" href="#__codelineno-8-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-14" name="__codelineno-8-14" href="#__codelineno-8-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 判断队列是否为空 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-15" name="__codelineno-8-15" href="#__codelineno-8-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">boolean</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">isEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-16" name="__codelineno-8-16" href="#__codelineno-8-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-17" name="__codelineno-8-17" href="#__codelineno-8-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-18" name="__codelineno-8-18" href="#__codelineno-8-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 入队 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-19" name="__codelineno-8-19" href="#__codelineno-8-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">offer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-20" name="__codelineno-8-20" href="#__codelineno-8-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 尾结点后添加 num</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-21" name="__codelineno-8-21" href="#__codelineno-8-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-22" name="__codelineno-8-22" href="#__codelineno-8-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 如果队列为空，则令头、尾结点都指向该结点</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-23" name="__codelineno-8-23" href="#__codelineno-8-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-24" name="__codelineno-8-24" href="#__codelineno-8-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-25" name="__codelineno-8-25" href="#__codelineno-8-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-26" name="__codelineno-8-26" href="#__codelineno-8-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 如果队列不为空，则将该结点添加到尾结点后</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-27" name="__codelineno-8-27" href="#__codelineno-8-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-28" name="__codelineno-8-28" href="#__codelineno-8-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">next</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-29" name="__codelineno-8-29" href="#__codelineno-8-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-30" name="__codelineno-8-30" href="#__codelineno-8-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-31" name="__codelineno-8-31" href="#__codelineno-8-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-32" name="__codelineno-8-32" href="#__codelineno-8-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-33" name="__codelineno-8-33" href="#__codelineno-8-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 出队 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-34" name="__codelineno-8-34" href="#__codelineno-8-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">poll</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-35" name="__codelineno-8-35" href="#__codelineno-8-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-36" name="__codelineno-8-36" href="#__codelineno-8-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 删除头结点</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-37" name="__codelineno-8-37" href="#__codelineno-8-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">next</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-38" name="__codelineno-8-38" href="#__codelineno-8-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-39" name="__codelineno-8-39" href="#__codelineno-8-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-40" name="__codelineno-8-40" href="#__codelineno-8-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-41" name="__codelineno-8-41" href="#__codelineno-8-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 访问队首元素 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-42" name="__codelineno-8-42" href="#__codelineno-8-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">peek</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-43" name="__codelineno-8-43" href="#__codelineno-8-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-44" name="__codelineno-8-44" href="#__codelineno-8-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IndexOutOfBoundsException</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-45" name="__codelineno-8-45" href="#__codelineno-8-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">val</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-46" name="__codelineno-8-46" href="#__codelineno-8-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-47" name="__codelineno-8-47" href="#__codelineno-8-47"></a><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
|||
|
|
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">linkedlist_queue.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-9-1" name="__codelineno-9-1" href="#__codelineno-9-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 基于链表实现的队列 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-2" name="__codelineno-9-2" href="#__codelineno-9-2"></a><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">LinkedListQueue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-3" name="__codelineno-9-3" href="#__codelineno-9-3"></a><span class="k">private</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-4" name="__codelineno-9-4" href="#__codelineno-9-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">front</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 头结点 front ，尾结点 rear </span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-5" name="__codelineno-9-5" href="#__codelineno-9-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-6" name="__codelineno-9-6" href="#__codelineno-9-6"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-7" name="__codelineno-9-7" href="#__codelineno-9-7"></a><span class="k">public</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-8" name="__codelineno-9-8" href="#__codelineno-9-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LinkedListQueue</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-9" name="__codelineno-9-9" href="#__codelineno-9-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">nullptr</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-10" name="__codelineno-9-10" href="#__codelineno-9-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">nullptr</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-11" name="__codelineno-9-11" href="#__codelineno-9-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-12" name="__codelineno-9-12" href="#__codelineno-9-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-13" name="__codelineno-9-13" href="#__codelineno-9-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 获取队列的长度 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-14" name="__codelineno-9-14" href="#__codelineno-9-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-15" name="__codelineno-9-15" href="#__codelineno-9-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-16" name="__codelineno-9-16" href="#__codelineno-9-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-17" name="__codelineno-9-17" href="#__codelineno-9-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 判断队列是否为空 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-18" name="__codelineno-9-18" href="#__codelineno-9-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">empty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-19" name="__codelineno-9-19" href="#__codelineno-9-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-20" name="__codelineno-9-20" href="#__codelineno-9-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-21" name="__codelineno-9-21" href="#__codelineno-9-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 入队 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-22" name="__codelineno-9-22" href="#__codelineno-9-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">offer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-23" name="__codelineno-9-23" href="#__codelineno-9-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 尾结点后添加 num</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-24" name="__codelineno-9-24" href="#__codelineno-9-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-25" name="__codelineno-9-25" href="#__codelineno-9-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 如果队列为空，则令头、尾结点都指向该结点</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-26" name="__codelineno-9-26" href="#__codelineno-9-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">nullptr</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-27" name="__codelineno-9-27" href="#__codelineno-9-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-28" name="__codelineno-9-28" href="#__codelineno-9-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-29" name="__codelineno-9-29" href="#__codelineno-9-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-30" name="__codelineno-9-30" href="#__codelineno-9-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 如果队列不为空，则将该结点添加到尾结点后</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-31" name="__codelineno-9-31" href="#__codelineno-9-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-32" name="__codelineno-9-32" href="#__codelineno-9-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">next</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-33" name="__codelineno-9-33" href="#__codelineno-9-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-34" name="__codelineno-9-34" href="#__codelineno-9-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-35" name="__codelineno-9-35" href="#__codelineno-9-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-36" name="__codelineno-9-36" href="#__codelineno-9-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-37" name="__codelineno-9-37" href="#__codelineno-9-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 出队 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-38" name="__codelineno-9-38" href="#__codelineno-9-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">poll</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-39" name="__codelineno-9-39" href="#__codelineno-9-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-40" name="__codelineno-9-40" href="#__codelineno-9-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 删除头结点</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-41" name="__codelineno-9-41" href="#__codelineno-9-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-42" name="__codelineno-9-42" href="#__codelineno-9-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-43" name="__codelineno-9-43" href="#__codelineno-9-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-44" name="__codelineno-9-44" href="#__codelineno-9-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-45" name="__codelineno-9-45" href="#__codelineno-9-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 访问队首元素 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-46" name="__codelineno-9-46" href="#__codelineno-9-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-47" name="__codelineno-9-47" href="#__codelineno-9-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-48" name="__codelineno-9-48" href="#__codelineno-9-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">out_of_range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"队列为空"</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-49" name="__codelineno-9-49" href="#__codelineno-9-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-50" name="__codelineno-9-50" href="#__codelineno-9-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-51" name="__codelineno-9-51" href="#__codelineno-9-51"></a><span class="p">};</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
|||
|
|
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">linkedlist_queue.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-10-1" name="__codelineno-10-1" href="#__codelineno-10-1"></a><span class="sd">""" 基于链表实现的队列 """</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-2" name="__codelineno-10-2" href="#__codelineno-10-2"></a><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">LinkedListQueue</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-3" name="__codelineno-10-3" href="#__codelineno-10-3"></a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-4" name="__codelineno-10-4" href="#__codelineno-10-4"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__front</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span> <span class="c1"># 头结点 front</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-5" name="__codelineno-10-5" href="#__codelineno-10-5"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__rear</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span> <span class="c1"># 尾结点 rear</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-6" name="__codelineno-10-6" href="#__codelineno-10-6"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__size</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-7" name="__codelineno-10-7" href="#__codelineno-10-7"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-8" name="__codelineno-10-8" href="#__codelineno-10-8"></a> <span class="sd">""" 获取队列的长度 """</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-9" name="__codelineno-10-9" href="#__codelineno-10-9"></a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">size</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-10" name="__codelineno-10-10" href="#__codelineno-10-10"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__size</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-11" name="__codelineno-10-11" href="#__codelineno-10-11"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-12" name="__codelineno-10-12" href="#__codelineno-10-12"></a> <span class="sd">""" 判断队列是否为空 """</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-13" name="__codelineno-10-13" href="#__codelineno-10-13"></a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">is_empty</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-14" name="__codelineno-10-14" href="#__codelineno-10-14"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__front</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-15" name="__codelineno-10-15" href="#__codelineno-10-15"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-16" name="__codelineno-10-16" href="#__codelineno-10-16"></a> <span class="sd">""" 入队 """</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-17" name="__codelineno-10-17" href="#__codelineno-10-17"></a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">num</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-18" name="__codelineno-10-18" href="#__codelineno-10-18"></a> <span class="c1"># 尾结点后添加 num</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-19" name="__codelineno-10-19" href="#__codelineno-10-19"></a> <span class="n">node</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-20" name="__codelineno-10-20" href="#__codelineno-10-20"></a> <span class="c1"># 如果队列为空，则令头、尾结点都指向该结点</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-21" name="__codelineno-10-21" href="#__codelineno-10-21"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__front</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-22" name="__codelineno-10-22" href="#__codelineno-10-22"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__front</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">node</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-23" name="__codelineno-10-23" href="#__codelineno-10-23"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__rear</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">node</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-24" name="__codelineno-10-24" href="#__codelineno-10-24"></a> <span class="c1"># 如果队列不为空，则将该结点添加到尾结点后</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-25" name="__codelineno-10-25" href="#__codelineno-10-25"></a> <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-26" name="__codelineno-10-26" href="#__codelineno-10-26"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__rear</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">next</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">node</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-27" name="__codelineno-10-27" href="#__codelineno-10-27"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__rear</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">node</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-28" name="__codelineno-10-28" href="#__codelineno-10-28"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__size</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-29" name="__codelineno-10-29" href="#__codelineno-10-29"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-30" name="__codelineno-10-30" href="#__codelineno-10-30"></a> <span class="sd">""" 出队 """</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-31" name="__codelineno-10-31" href="#__codelineno-10-31"></a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">poll</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-32" name="__codelineno-10-32" href="#__codelineno-10-32"></a> <span class="n">num</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-33" name="__codelineno-10-33" href="#__codelineno-10-33"></a> <span class="c1"># 删除头结点</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-34" name="__codelineno-10-34" href="#__codelineno-10-34"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__front</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__front</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">next</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-35" name="__codelineno-10-35" href="#__codelineno-10-35"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__size</span> <span class="o">-=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-36" name="__codelineno-10-36" href="#__codelineno-10-36"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">num</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-37" name="__codelineno-10-37" href="#__codelineno-10-37"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-38" name="__codelineno-10-38" href="#__codelineno-10-38"></a> <span class="sd">""" 访问队首元素 """</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-39" name="__codelineno-10-39" href="#__codelineno-10-39"></a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">peek</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-40" name="__codelineno-10-40" href="#__codelineno-10-40"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-41" name="__codelineno-10-41" href="#__codelineno-10-41"></a> <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"队列为空"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-42" name="__codelineno-10-42" href="#__codelineno-10-42"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">False</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-43" name="__codelineno-10-43" href="#__codelineno-10-43"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__front</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">val</span>
|
|||
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
|||
|
|
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">linkedlist_queue.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-11-1" name="__codelineno-11-1" href="#__codelineno-11-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 基于链表实现的队列 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-2" name="__codelineno-11-2" href="#__codelineno-11-2"></a><span class="kd">type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">LinkedListQueue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-3" name="__codelineno-11-3" href="#__codelineno-11-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 使用内置包 list 来实现队列</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-4" name="__codelineno-11-4" href="#__codelineno-11-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">list</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">List</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-5" name="__codelineno-11-5" href="#__codelineno-11-5"></a><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-6" name="__codelineno-11-6" href="#__codelineno-11-6"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-7" name="__codelineno-11-7" href="#__codelineno-11-7"></a><span class="c1">// NewLinkedListQueue 初始化链表</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-8" name="__codelineno-11-8" href="#__codelineno-11-8"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">NewLinkedListQueue</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">LinkedListQueue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-9" name="__codelineno-11-9" href="#__codelineno-11-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="nx">LinkedListQueue</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-10" name="__codelineno-11-10" href="#__codelineno-11-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">list</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">New</span><span class="p">(),</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-11" name="__codelineno-11-11" href="#__codelineno-11-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-12" name="__codelineno-11-12" href="#__codelineno-11-12"></a><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-13" name="__codelineno-11-13" href="#__codelineno-11-13"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-14" name="__codelineno-11-14" href="#__codelineno-11-14"></a><span class="c1">// Offer 入队</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-15" name="__codelineno-11-15" href="#__codelineno-11-15"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">LinkedListQueue</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">Offer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">value</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">any</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-16" name="__codelineno-11-16" href="#__codelineno-11-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">PushBack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">value</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-17" name="__codelineno-11-17" href="#__codelineno-11-17"></a><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-18" name="__codelineno-11-18" href="#__codelineno-11-18"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-19" name="__codelineno-11-19" href="#__codelineno-11-19"></a><span class="c1">// Poll 出队</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-20" name="__codelineno-11-20" href="#__codelineno-11-20"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">LinkedListQueue</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">Poll</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">any</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-21" name="__codelineno-11-21" href="#__codelineno-11-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">IsEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-22" name="__codelineno-11-22" href="#__codelineno-11-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">nil</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-23" name="__codelineno-11-23" href="#__codelineno-11-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-24" name="__codelineno-11-24" href="#__codelineno-11-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">e</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Front</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-25" name="__codelineno-11-25" href="#__codelineno-11-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">e</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-26" name="__codelineno-11-26" href="#__codelineno-11-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Value</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-27" name="__codelineno-11-27" href="#__codelineno-11-27"></a><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-28" name="__codelineno-11-28" href="#__codelineno-11-28"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-29" name="__codelineno-11-29" href="#__codelineno-11-29"></a><span class="c1">// Peek 访问队首元素</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-30" name="__codelineno-11-30" href="#__codelineno-11-30"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">LinkedListQueue</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">Peek</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">any</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-31" name="__codelineno-11-31" href="#__codelineno-11-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">IsEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-32" name="__codelineno-11-32" href="#__codelineno-11-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">nil</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-33" name="__codelineno-11-33" href="#__codelineno-11-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-34" name="__codelineno-11-34" href="#__codelineno-11-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">e</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Front</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-35" name="__codelineno-11-35" href="#__codelineno-11-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Value</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-36" name="__codelineno-11-36" href="#__codelineno-11-36"></a><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-37" name="__codelineno-11-37" href="#__codelineno-11-37"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-38" name="__codelineno-11-38" href="#__codelineno-11-38"></a><span class="c1">// Size 获取队列的长度</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-39" name="__codelineno-11-39" href="#__codelineno-11-39"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">LinkedListQueue</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">Size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-40" name="__codelineno-11-40" href="#__codelineno-11-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Len</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-41" name="__codelineno-11-41" href="#__codelineno-11-41"></a><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-42" name="__codelineno-11-42" href="#__codelineno-11-42"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-43" name="__codelineno-11-43" href="#__codelineno-11-43"></a><span class="c1">// IsEmpty 判断队列是否为空</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-44" name="__codelineno-11-44" href="#__codelineno-11-44"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">LinkedListQueue</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">IsEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-45" name="__codelineno-11-45" href="#__codelineno-11-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Len</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-46" name="__codelineno-11-46" href="#__codelineno-11-46"></a><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
|||
|
|
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">linkedlist_queue.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-12-1" name="__codelineno-12-1" href="#__codelineno-12-1"></a>
|
|||
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
|||
|
|
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">linkedlist_queue.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-13-1" name="__codelineno-13-1" href="#__codelineno-13-1"></a>
|
|||
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
|||
|
|
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">linkedlist_queue.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-14-1" name="__codelineno-14-1" href="#__codelineno-14-1"></a>
|
|||
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
|||
|
|
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">linkedlist_queue.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-15-1" name="__codelineno-15-1" href="#__codelineno-15-1"></a>
|
|||
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<h3 id="_5">基于数组的实现<a class="headerlink" href="#_5" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
|||
|
|
<p>数组的删除首元素的时间复杂度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span> ，因此不适合直接用来实现队列。然而，我们可以借助两个指针 <code>front</code> , <code>rear</code> 来分别记录队首和队尾的索引位置，在入队 / 出队时分别将 <code>front</code> / <code>rear</code> 向后移动一位即可，这样每次仅需操作一个元素，时间复杂度降至 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(1)\)</span> 。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>还有一个问题，在入队与出队的过程中，两个指针都在向后移动，而到达尾部后则无法继续移动了。为了解决此问题，我们可以采取一个取巧方案，即将数组看作是 “环形” 的。具体做法是规定指针越过数组尾部后，再次回到头部接续遍历，这样相当于使数组 “首尾相连” 了。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>为了适应环形数组的设定，获取长度 <code>size()</code> 、入队 <code>offer()</code> 、出队 <code>poll()</code> 方法都需要做相应的取余操作处理，使得当尾指针绕回数组头部时，仍然可以正确处理操作。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>基于数组实现的队列有一个缺点，即长度不可变。但这点我们可以通过动态数组来解决，有兴趣的同学可以自行实现。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="3:8"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_3_1" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_2" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_3" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_4" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_5" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_6" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_7" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_8" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_3_1">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_3_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_3_3">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_3_4">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_3_5">JavaScript</label><label for="__tabbed_3_6">TypeScript</label><label for="__tabbed_3_7">C</label><label for="__tabbed_3_8">C#</label></div>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="tabbed-content">
|
|||
|
|
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
|||
|
|
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_queue.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-16-1" name="__codelineno-16-1" href="#__codelineno-16-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 基于环形数组实现的队列 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-16-2" name="__codelineno-16-2" href="#__codelineno-16-2"></a><span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">ArrayQueue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-16-3" name="__codelineno-16-3" href="#__codelineno-16-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 用于存储队列元素的数组</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-16-4" name="__codelineno-16-4" href="#__codelineno-16-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 头指针，指向队首</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-16-5" name="__codelineno-16-5" href="#__codelineno-16-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 尾指针，指向队尾 + 1</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-16-6" name="__codelineno-16-6" href="#__codelineno-16-6"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-16-7" name="__codelineno-16-7" href="#__codelineno-16-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">ArrayQueue</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-16-8" name="__codelineno-16-8" href="#__codelineno-16-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 初始化数组</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-16-9" name="__codelineno-16-9" href="#__codelineno-16-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-16-10" name="__codelineno-16-10" href="#__codelineno-16-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-16-11" name="__codelineno-16-11" href="#__codelineno-16-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 获取队列的容量 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-16-12" name="__codelineno-16-12" href="#__codelineno-16-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">capacity</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-16-13" name="__codelineno-16-13" href="#__codelineno-16-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">length</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-16-14" name="__codelineno-16-14" href="#__codelineno-16-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-16-15" name="__codelineno-16-15" href="#__codelineno-16-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 获取队列的长度 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-16-16" name="__codelineno-16-16" href="#__codelineno-16-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-16-17" name="__codelineno-16-17" href="#__codelineno-16-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-16-18" name="__codelineno-16-18" href="#__codelineno-16-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 由于将数组看作为环形，可能 rear < front ，因此需要取余数</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-16-19" name="__codelineno-16-19" href="#__codelineno-16-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-16-20" name="__codelineno-16-20" href="#__codelineno-16-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-16-21" name="__codelineno-16-21" href="#__codelineno-16-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 判断队列是否为空 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-16-22" name="__codelineno-16-22" href="#__codelineno-16-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">boolean</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">isEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-16-23" name="__codelineno-16-23" href="#__codelineno-16-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-16-24" name="__codelineno-16-24" href="#__codelineno-16-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-16-25" name="__codelineno-16-25" href="#__codelineno-16-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 入队 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-16-26" name="__codelineno-16-26" href="#__codelineno-16-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">offer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-16-27" name="__codelineno-16-27" href="#__codelineno-16-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-16-28" name="__codelineno-16-28" href="#__codelineno-16-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">System</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">out</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"队列已满"</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-16-29" name="__codelineno-16-29" href="#__codelineno-16-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-16-30" name="__codelineno-16-30" href="#__codelineno-16-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-16-31" name="__codelineno-16-31" href="#__codelineno-16-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 尾结点后添加 num</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-16-32" name="__codelineno-16-32" href="#__codelineno-16-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-16-33" name="__codelineno-16-33" href="#__codelineno-16-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 尾指针向后移动一位，越过尾部后返回到数组头部</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-16-34" name="__codelineno-16-34" href="#__codelineno-16-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-16-35" name="__codelineno-16-35" href="#__codelineno-16-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-16-36" name="__codelineno-16-36" href="#__codelineno-16-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 出队 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-16-37" name="__codelineno-16-37" href="#__codelineno-16-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">poll</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-16-38" name="__codelineno-16-38" href="#__codelineno-16-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-16-39" name="__codelineno-16-39" href="#__codelineno-16-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 队头指针向后移动一位，若越过尾部则返回到数组头部</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-16-40" name="__codelineno-16-40" href="#__codelineno-16-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-16-41" name="__codelineno-16-41" href="#__codelineno-16-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-16-42" name="__codelineno-16-42" href="#__codelineno-16-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-16-43" name="__codelineno-16-43" href="#__codelineno-16-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 访问队首元素 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-16-44" name="__codelineno-16-44" href="#__codelineno-16-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">peek</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-16-45" name="__codelineno-16-45" href="#__codelineno-16-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 删除头结点</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-16-46" name="__codelineno-16-46" href="#__codelineno-16-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-16-47" name="__codelineno-16-47" href="#__codelineno-16-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">EmptyStackException</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-16-48" name="__codelineno-16-48" href="#__codelineno-16-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">front</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-16-49" name="__codelineno-16-49" href="#__codelineno-16-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-16-50" name="__codelineno-16-50" href="#__codelineno-16-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 访问指定索引元素 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-16-51" name="__codelineno-16-51" href="#__codelineno-16-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-16-52" name="__codelineno-16-52" href="#__codelineno-16-52"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-16-53" name="__codelineno-16-53" href="#__codelineno-16-53"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IndexOutOfBoundsException</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-16-54" name="__codelineno-16-54" href="#__codelineno-16-54"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-16-55" name="__codelineno-16-55" href="#__codelineno-16-55"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-16-56" name="__codelineno-16-56" href="#__codelineno-16-56"></a><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
|||
|
|
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_queue.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-17-1" name="__codelineno-17-1" href="#__codelineno-17-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 基于环形数组实现的队列 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-2" name="__codelineno-17-2" href="#__codelineno-17-2"></a><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">ArrayQueue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-3" name="__codelineno-17-3" href="#__codelineno-17-3"></a><span class="k">private</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-4" name="__codelineno-17-4" href="#__codelineno-17-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 用于存储队列元素的数组</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-5" name="__codelineno-17-5" href="#__codelineno-17-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cap</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 队列容量</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-6" name="__codelineno-17-6" href="#__codelineno-17-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 头指针，指向队首</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-7" name="__codelineno-17-7" href="#__codelineno-17-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 尾指针，指向队尾 + 1</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-8" name="__codelineno-17-8" href="#__codelineno-17-8"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-9" name="__codelineno-17-9" href="#__codelineno-17-9"></a><span class="k">public</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-10" name="__codelineno-17-10" href="#__codelineno-17-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ArrayQueue</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-11" name="__codelineno-17-11" href="#__codelineno-17-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 初始化数组</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-12" name="__codelineno-17-12" href="#__codelineno-17-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-13" name="__codelineno-17-13" href="#__codelineno-17-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-14" name="__codelineno-17-14" href="#__codelineno-17-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-15" name="__codelineno-17-15" href="#__codelineno-17-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 获取队列的容量 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-16" name="__codelineno-17-16" href="#__codelineno-17-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-17" name="__codelineno-17-17" href="#__codelineno-17-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cap</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-18" name="__codelineno-17-18" href="#__codelineno-17-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-19" name="__codelineno-17-19" href="#__codelineno-17-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 获取队列的长度 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-20" name="__codelineno-17-20" href="#__codelineno-17-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-21" name="__codelineno-17-21" href="#__codelineno-17-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 由于将数组看作为环形，可能 rear < front ，因此需要取余数</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-22" name="__codelineno-17-22" href="#__codelineno-17-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-23" name="__codelineno-17-23" href="#__codelineno-17-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-24" name="__codelineno-17-24" href="#__codelineno-17-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 判断队列是否为空 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-25" name="__codelineno-17-25" href="#__codelineno-17-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">empty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-26" name="__codelineno-17-26" href="#__codelineno-17-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-27" name="__codelineno-17-27" href="#__codelineno-17-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-28" name="__codelineno-17-28" href="#__codelineno-17-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 入队 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-29" name="__codelineno-17-29" href="#__codelineno-17-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">offer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-30" name="__codelineno-17-30" href="#__codelineno-17-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-31" name="__codelineno-17-31" href="#__codelineno-17-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cout</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"队列已满"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">endl</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-32" name="__codelineno-17-32" href="#__codelineno-17-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-33" name="__codelineno-17-33" href="#__codelineno-17-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-34" name="__codelineno-17-34" href="#__codelineno-17-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 尾结点后添加 num</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-35" name="__codelineno-17-35" href="#__codelineno-17-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-36" name="__codelineno-17-36" href="#__codelineno-17-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 尾指针向后移动一位，越过尾部后返回到数组头部</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-37" name="__codelineno-17-37" href="#__codelineno-17-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-38" name="__codelineno-17-38" href="#__codelineno-17-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-39" name="__codelineno-17-39" href="#__codelineno-17-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 出队 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-40" name="__codelineno-17-40" href="#__codelineno-17-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">poll</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-41" name="__codelineno-17-41" href="#__codelineno-17-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-42" name="__codelineno-17-42" href="#__codelineno-17-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 队头指针向后移动一位，若越过尾部则返回到数组头部</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-43" name="__codelineno-17-43" href="#__codelineno-17-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-44" name="__codelineno-17-44" href="#__codelineno-17-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-45" name="__codelineno-17-45" href="#__codelineno-17-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-46" name="__codelineno-17-46" href="#__codelineno-17-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 访问队首元素 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-47" name="__codelineno-17-47" href="#__codelineno-17-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-48" name="__codelineno-17-48" href="#__codelineno-17-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 删除头结点</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-49" name="__codelineno-17-49" href="#__codelineno-17-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">empty</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-50" name="__codelineno-17-50" href="#__codelineno-17-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">out_of_range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"队列为空"</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-51" name="__codelineno-17-51" href="#__codelineno-17-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">front</span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-52" name="__codelineno-17-52" href="#__codelineno-17-52"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-53" name="__codelineno-17-53" href="#__codelineno-17-53"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 访问指定位置元素 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-54" name="__codelineno-17-54" href="#__codelineno-17-54"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-55" name="__codelineno-17-55" href="#__codelineno-17-55"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-56" name="__codelineno-17-56" href="#__codelineno-17-56"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">out_of_range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"索引越界"</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-57" name="__codelineno-17-57" href="#__codelineno-17-57"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[(</span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">()]</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-58" name="__codelineno-17-58" href="#__codelineno-17-58"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-59" name="__codelineno-17-59" href="#__codelineno-17-59"></a><span class="p">};</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
|||
|
|
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_queue.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-18-1" name="__codelineno-18-1" href="#__codelineno-18-1"></a><span class="sd">""" 基于环形数组实现的队列 """</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-2" name="__codelineno-18-2" href="#__codelineno-18-2"></a><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">ArrayQueue</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-3" name="__codelineno-18-3" href="#__codelineno-18-3"></a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">size</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-4" name="__codelineno-18-4" href="#__codelineno-18-4"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__nums</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">size</span> <span class="c1"># 用于存储队列元素的数组</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-5" name="__codelineno-18-5" href="#__codelineno-18-5"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__front</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="c1"># 头指针，指向队首</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-6" name="__codelineno-18-6" href="#__codelineno-18-6"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__rear</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="c1"># 尾指针，指向队尾 + 1</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-7" name="__codelineno-18-7" href="#__codelineno-18-7"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-8" name="__codelineno-18-8" href="#__codelineno-18-8"></a> <span class="sd">""" 获取队列的容量 """</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-9" name="__codelineno-18-9" href="#__codelineno-18-9"></a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">capacity</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-10" name="__codelineno-18-10" href="#__codelineno-18-10"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__nums</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-11" name="__codelineno-18-11" href="#__codelineno-18-11"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-12" name="__codelineno-18-12" href="#__codelineno-18-12"></a> <span class="sd">""" 获取队列的长度 """</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-13" name="__codelineno-18-13" href="#__codelineno-18-13"></a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">size</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-14" name="__codelineno-18-14" href="#__codelineno-18-14"></a> <span class="c1"># 由于将数组看作为环形，可能 rear < front ，因此需要取余数</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-15" name="__codelineno-18-15" href="#__codelineno-18-15"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__rear</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__front</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-16" name="__codelineno-18-16" href="#__codelineno-18-16"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-17" name="__codelineno-18-17" href="#__codelineno-18-17"></a> <span class="sd">""" 判断队列是否为空 """</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-18" name="__codelineno-18-18" href="#__codelineno-18-18"></a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">is_empty</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-19" name="__codelineno-18-19" href="#__codelineno-18-19"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__rear</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__front</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-20" name="__codelineno-18-20" href="#__codelineno-18-20"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-21" name="__codelineno-18-21" href="#__codelineno-18-21"></a> <span class="sd">""" 入队 """</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-22" name="__codelineno-18-22" href="#__codelineno-18-22"></a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">val</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-23" name="__codelineno-18-23" href="#__codelineno-18-23"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">():</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-24" name="__codelineno-18-24" href="#__codelineno-18-24"></a> <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"队列已满"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-25" name="__codelineno-18-25" href="#__codelineno-18-25"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">False</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-26" name="__codelineno-18-26" href="#__codelineno-18-26"></a> <span class="c1"># 尾结点后添加 num</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-27" name="__codelineno-18-27" href="#__codelineno-18-27"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__rear</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">val</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-28" name="__codelineno-18-28" href="#__codelineno-18-28"></a> <span class="c1"># 尾指针向后移动一位，越过尾部后返回到数组头部</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-29" name="__codelineno-18-29" href="#__codelineno-18-29"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__rear</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__rear</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-30" name="__codelineno-18-30" href="#__codelineno-18-30"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-31" name="__codelineno-18-31" href="#__codelineno-18-31"></a> <span class="sd">""" 出队 """</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-32" name="__codelineno-18-32" href="#__codelineno-18-32"></a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">poll</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-33" name="__codelineno-18-33" href="#__codelineno-18-33"></a> <span class="c1"># 删除头结点</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-34" name="__codelineno-18-34" href="#__codelineno-18-34"></a> <span class="n">num</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-35" name="__codelineno-18-35" href="#__codelineno-18-35"></a> <span class="c1"># 队头指针向后移动一位，若越过尾部则返回到数组头部</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-36" name="__codelineno-18-36" href="#__codelineno-18-36"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__front</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__front</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-37" name="__codelineno-18-37" href="#__codelineno-18-37"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">num</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-38" name="__codelineno-18-38" href="#__codelineno-18-38"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-39" name="__codelineno-18-39" href="#__codelineno-18-39"></a> <span class="sd">""" 访问队首元素 """</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-40" name="__codelineno-18-40" href="#__codelineno-18-40"></a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">peek</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-41" name="__codelineno-18-41" href="#__codelineno-18-41"></a> <span class="c1"># 删除头结点</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-42" name="__codelineno-18-42" href="#__codelineno-18-42"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">is_empty</span><span class="p">():</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-43" name="__codelineno-18-43" href="#__codelineno-18-43"></a> <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"队列为空"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-44" name="__codelineno-18-44" href="#__codelineno-18-44"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">False</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-45" name="__codelineno-18-45" href="#__codelineno-18-45"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__front</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-46" name="__codelineno-18-46" href="#__codelineno-18-46"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-47" name="__codelineno-18-47" href="#__codelineno-18-47"></a> <span class="sd">""" 访问指定位置元素 """</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-48" name="__codelineno-18-48" href="#__codelineno-18-48"></a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">index</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-49" name="__codelineno-18-49" href="#__codelineno-18-49"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">index</span> <span class="o">>=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">():</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-50" name="__codelineno-18-50" href="#__codelineno-18-50"></a> <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"索引越界"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-51" name="__codelineno-18-51" href="#__codelineno-18-51"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">False</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-52" name="__codelineno-18-52" href="#__codelineno-18-52"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__nums</span><span class="p">[(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__front</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">index</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">()]</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-53" name="__codelineno-18-53" href="#__codelineno-18-53"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-54" name="__codelineno-18-54" href="#__codelineno-18-54"></a> <span class="sd">""" 返回列表用于打印 """</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-55" name="__codelineno-18-55" href="#__codelineno-18-55"></a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">to_list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-56" name="__codelineno-18-56" href="#__codelineno-18-56"></a> <span class="n">res</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-57" name="__codelineno-18-57" href="#__codelineno-18-57"></a> <span class="n">j</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__front</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-58" name="__codelineno-18-58" href="#__codelineno-18-58"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()):</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-59" name="__codelineno-18-59" href="#__codelineno-18-59"></a> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__nums</span><span class="p">[(</span><span class="n">j</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">())]</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-60" name="__codelineno-18-60" href="#__codelineno-18-60"></a> <span class="n">j</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-61" name="__codelineno-18-61" href="#__codelineno-18-61"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">res</span>
|
|||
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
|||
|
|
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_queue.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-19-1" name="__codelineno-19-1" href="#__codelineno-19-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 基于环形数组实现的队列 */</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-2" name="__codelineno-19-2" href="#__codelineno-19-2"></a><span class="kd">type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">ArrayQueue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-3" name="__codelineno-19-3" href="#__codelineno-19-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 用于存储队列元素的数组</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-4" name="__codelineno-19-4" href="#__codelineno-19-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">capacity</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 队列容量（即最多容量的元素个数）</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-5" name="__codelineno-19-5" href="#__codelineno-19-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 头指针，指向队首</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-6" name="__codelineno-19-6" href="#__codelineno-19-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 尾指针，指向队尾 + 1</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-7" name="__codelineno-19-7" href="#__codelineno-19-7"></a><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-8" name="__codelineno-19-8" href="#__codelineno-19-8"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-9" name="__codelineno-19-9" href="#__codelineno-19-9"></a><span class="c1">// NewArrayQueue 基于环形数组实现的队列</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-10" name="__codelineno-19-10" href="#__codelineno-19-10"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">NewArrayQueue</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">capacity</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">ArrayQueue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-11" name="__codelineno-19-11" href="#__codelineno-19-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="nx">ArrayQueue</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-12" name="__codelineno-19-12" href="#__codelineno-19-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">([]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">capacity</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-13" name="__codelineno-19-13" href="#__codelineno-19-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">capacity</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">capacity</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-14" name="__codelineno-19-14" href="#__codelineno-19-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">front</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-15" name="__codelineno-19-15" href="#__codelineno-19-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">rear</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-16" name="__codelineno-19-16" href="#__codelineno-19-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-17" name="__codelineno-19-17" href="#__codelineno-19-17"></a><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-18" name="__codelineno-19-18" href="#__codelineno-19-18"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-19" name="__codelineno-19-19" href="#__codelineno-19-19"></a><span class="c1">// Size 获取队列的长度</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-20" name="__codelineno-19-20" href="#__codelineno-19-20"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">ArrayQueue</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">Size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-21" name="__codelineno-19-21" href="#__codelineno-19-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">capacity</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">front</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">capacity</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-22" name="__codelineno-19-22" href="#__codelineno-19-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-23" name="__codelineno-19-23" href="#__codelineno-19-23"></a><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-24" name="__codelineno-19-24" href="#__codelineno-19-24"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-25" name="__codelineno-19-25" href="#__codelineno-19-25"></a><span class="c1">// IsEmpty 判断队列是否为空</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-26" name="__codelineno-19-26" href="#__codelineno-19-26"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">ArrayQueue</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">IsEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-27" name="__codelineno-19-27" href="#__codelineno-19-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">rear</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-28" name="__codelineno-19-28" href="#__codelineno-19-28"></a><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-29" name="__codelineno-19-29" href="#__codelineno-19-29"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-30" name="__codelineno-19-30" href="#__codelineno-19-30"></a><span class="c1">// Offer 入队</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-31" name="__codelineno-19-31" href="#__codelineno-19-31"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">ArrayQueue</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">Offer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">v</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-32" name="__codelineno-19-32" href="#__codelineno-19-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 当 rear == capacity 表示队列已满</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-33" name="__codelineno-19-33" href="#__codelineno-19-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">capacity</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-34" name="__codelineno-19-34" href="#__codelineno-19-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-35" name="__codelineno-19-35" href="#__codelineno-19-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-36" name="__codelineno-19-36" href="#__codelineno-19-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 尾结点后添加</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-37" name="__codelineno-19-37" href="#__codelineno-19-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">rear</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">v</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-38" name="__codelineno-19-38" href="#__codelineno-19-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 尾指针向后移动一位，越过尾部后返回到数组头部</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-39" name="__codelineno-19-39" href="#__codelineno-19-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">capacity</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-40" name="__codelineno-19-40" href="#__codelineno-19-40"></a><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-41" name="__codelineno-19-41" href="#__codelineno-19-41"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-42" name="__codelineno-19-42" href="#__codelineno-19-42"></a><span class="c1">// Poll 出队</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-43" name="__codelineno-19-43" href="#__codelineno-19-43"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">ArrayQueue</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">Poll</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">any</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-44" name="__codelineno-19-44" href="#__codelineno-19-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">IsEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-45" name="__codelineno-19-45" href="#__codelineno-19-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">nil</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-46" name="__codelineno-19-46" href="#__codelineno-19-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-47" name="__codelineno-19-47" href="#__codelineno-19-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">v</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">front</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-48" name="__codelineno-19-48" href="#__codelineno-19-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 队头指针向后移动一位，若越过尾部则返回到数组头部</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-49" name="__codelineno-19-49" href="#__codelineno-19-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">capacity</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-50" name="__codelineno-19-50" href="#__codelineno-19-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">v</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-51" name="__codelineno-19-51" href="#__codelineno-19-51"></a><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-52" name="__codelineno-19-52" href="#__codelineno-19-52"></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-53" name="__codelineno-19-53" href="#__codelineno-19-53"></a><span class="c1">// Peek 访问队首元素</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-54" name="__codelineno-19-54" href="#__codelineno-19-54"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">ArrayQueue</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">Peek</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">any</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-55" name="__codelineno-19-55" href="#__codelineno-19-55"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">IsEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-56" name="__codelineno-19-56" href="#__codelineno-19-56"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">nil</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-57" name="__codelineno-19-57" href="#__codelineno-19-57"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-58" name="__codelineno-19-58" href="#__codelineno-19-58"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">v</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">front</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-59" name="__codelineno-19-59" href="#__codelineno-19-59"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">v</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-60" name="__codelineno-19-60" href="#__codelineno-19-60"></a><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
|||
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
|||
|
|
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_queue.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-20-1" name="__codelineno-20-1" href="#__codelineno-20-1"></a>
|
|||
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
|||
|
|
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_queue.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-21-1" name="__codelineno-21-1" href="#__codelineno-21-1"></a>
|
|||
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
|||
|
|
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_queue.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-22-1" name="__codelineno-22-1" href="#__codelineno-22-1"></a>
|
|||
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
|||
|
|
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_queue.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-23-1" name="__codelineno-23-1" href="#__codelineno-23-1"></a>
|
|||
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
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<h2 id="_6">队列典型应用<a class="headerlink" href="#_6" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>淘宝订单。</strong> 购物者下单后，订单就被加入到队列之中，随后系统再根据顺序依次处理队列中的订单。在双十一时，在短时间内会产生海量的订单，如何处理「高并发」则是工程师们需要重点思考的问题。</li>
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<li><strong>各种待办事项。</strong> 例如打印机的任务队列、餐厅的出餐队列等等。</li>
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