Update stack and queue.
This commit is contained in:
parent
53cc651af2
commit
8669e06414
@ -34,14 +34,14 @@ public:
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int get(int index) {
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// 索引如果越界则抛出异常,下同
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if (index >= size())
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throw std::out_of_range ("索引越界");
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throw out_of_range("索引越界");
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return nums[index];
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}
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/* 更新元素 */
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void set(int index, int num) {
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if (index >= size())
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throw std::out_of_range ("索引越界");
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throw out_of_range("索引越界");
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nums[index] = num;
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}
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@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ public:
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/* 中间插入元素 */
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void insert(int index, int num) {
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if (index >= size())
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throw std::out_of_range ("索引越界");
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throw out_of_range("索引越界");
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// 元素数量超出容量时,触发扩容机制
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if (size() == capacity())
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extendCapacity();
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@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ public:
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/* 删除元素 */
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void remove(int index) {
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if (index >= size())
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throw std::out_of_range ("索引越界");
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throw out_of_range("索引越界");
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// 索引 i 之后的元素都向前移动一位
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for (int j = index; j < size() - 1; j++) {
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nums[j] = nums[j + 1];
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@ -6,3 +6,119 @@
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#include "../include/include.hpp"
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/* 基于环形数组实现的队列 */
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class ArrayQueue {
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private:
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vector<int> nums; // 用于存储队列元素的数组
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int front = 0; // 头指针,指向队首
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int rear = 0; // 尾指针,指向队尾 + 1
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public:
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ArrayQueue(int capacity) {
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// 初始化数组
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nums.resize(capacity);
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}
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/* 获取队列的容量 */
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int capacity() {
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return nums.size();
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}
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/* 获取队列的长度 */
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int size() {
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int cap = capacity();
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// 由于将数组看作为环形,可能 rear < front ,因此需要取余数
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return (cap + rear - front) % cap;
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}
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/* 判断队列是否为空 */
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bool empty() {
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return rear - front == 0;
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}
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/* 入队 */
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void offer(int num) {
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if (size() == capacity()) {
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cout << "队列已满" << endl;
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return;
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}
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// 尾结点后添加 num
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nums[rear] = num;
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// 尾指针向后移动一位,越过尾部后返回到数组头部
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rear = (rear + 1) % capacity();
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}
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/* 出队 */
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int poll() {
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// 删除头结点
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if (empty())
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throw out_of_range("队列为空");
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int num = nums[front];
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// 队头指针向后移动,越过尾部后返回到数组头部
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front = (front + 1) % capacity();
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return num;
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}
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/* 访问队首元素 */
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int peek() {
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// 删除头结点
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if (empty())
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throw out_of_range("队列为空");
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return nums[front];
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}
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vector<int> toVector() {
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int siz = size();
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int cap = capacity();
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// 仅转换有效长度范围内的列表元素
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vector<int> arr(siz);
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for (int i = 0, j = front; i < siz; i++, j++) {
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arr[i] = nums[j % cap];
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}
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return arr;
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}
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};
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/* Driver Code */
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int main() {
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/* 初始化队列 */
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int capacity = 10;
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ArrayQueue* queue = new ArrayQueue(capacity);
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/* 元素入队 */
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queue->offer(1);
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queue->offer(3);
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queue->offer(2);
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queue->offer(5);
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queue->offer(4);
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cout << "队列 queue = ";
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PrintUtil::printVector(queue->toVector());
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/* 访问队首元素 */
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int peek = queue->peek();
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cout << "队首元素 peek = " << peek << endl;
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/* 元素出队 */
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int poll = queue->poll();
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cout << "出队元素 poll = " << poll << ",出队后 queue = ";
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PrintUtil::printVector(queue->toVector());
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/* 获取队列的长度 */
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int size = queue->size();
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cout << "队列长度 size = " << size << endl;
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/* 判断队列是否为空 */
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bool empty = queue->empty();
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cout << "队列是否为空 = " << empty << endl;
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/* 测试环形数组 */
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for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
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queue->offer(i);
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queue->poll();
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cout << "第 " << i << " 轮入队 + 出队后 queue = ";
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PrintUtil::printVector(queue->toVector());
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}
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return 0;
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}
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@ -9,38 +9,44 @@
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/* 基于数组实现的栈 */
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class ArrayStack {
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private:
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vector<int> vec;
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vector<int> stack;
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public:
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/* 获取栈的长度 */
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int size() {
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return vec.size();
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return stack.size();
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}
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/* 判断栈是否为空 */
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bool empty() {
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return vec.empty();
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return stack.empty();
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}
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/* 入栈 */
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void push(int num) {
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vec.push_back(num);
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stack.push_back(num);
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}
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/* 出栈 */
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int pop() {
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int oldTop = vec.back();
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vec.pop_back();
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int oldTop = stack.back();
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stack.pop_back();
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return oldTop;
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}
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/* 访问栈顶元素 */
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int top() {
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return vec.back();
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return stack.back();
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}
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/* 访问索引 index 处元素 */
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int get(int index) {
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return stack[index];
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}
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/* 返回 Vector */
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vector<int> toVector() {
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return vec;
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return stack;
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}
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};
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@ -57,8 +63,7 @@ int main() {
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stack->push(5);
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stack->push(4);
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cout << "栈 stack = ";
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vector<int> vec = stack->toVector();
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PrintUtil::printVector(vec);
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PrintUtil::printVector(stack->toVector());
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/* 访问栈顶元素 */
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int top = stack->top();
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@ -67,8 +72,7 @@ int main() {
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/* 元素出栈 */
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int pop = stack->pop();
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cout << "出栈元素 pop = " << pop << ",出栈后 stack = ";
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vec = stack->toVector();
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PrintUtil::printVector(vec);
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PrintUtil::printVector(stack->toVector());
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/* 获取栈的长度 */
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int size = stack->size();
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@ -6,3 +6,42 @@
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#include "../include/include.hpp"
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/* Driver Code */
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int main() {
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/* 初始化双向队列 */
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deque<int> deque;
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/* 元素入队 */
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deque.push_back(2);
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deque.push_back(5);
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deque.push_back(4);
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deque.push_front(3);
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deque.push_front(1);
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cout << "双向队列 deque = ";
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PrintUtil::printDeque(deque);
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/* 访问队首元素 */
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int front = deque.front();
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cout << "队首元素 front = " << front << endl;
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int back = deque.back();
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cout << "队尾元素 back = " << back << endl;
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/* 元素出队 */
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deque.pop_front();
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cout << "队首出队元素 popFront = " << front << ",队首出队后 deque = ";
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PrintUtil::printDeque(deque);
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deque.pop_back();
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cout << "队尾出队元素 popLast = " << back << ",队尾出队后 deque = ";
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PrintUtil::printDeque(deque);
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/* 获取双向队列的长度 */
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int size = deque.size();
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cout << "双向队列长度 size = " << size << endl;
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/* 判断双向队列是否为空 */
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bool empty = deque.empty();
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cout << "双向队列是否为空 = " << empty << endl;
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return 0;
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}
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@ -6,3 +6,97 @@
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#include "../include/include.hpp"
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/* 基于链表实现的队列 */
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class LinkedListQueue {
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private:
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ListNode *front, *back;
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int qSize;
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public:
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LinkedListQueue() {
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front = nullptr;
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back = nullptr;
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qSize = 0;
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}
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/* 获取队列的长度 */
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int size() {
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return qSize;
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}
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/* 判断队列是否为空 */
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bool empty() {
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return qSize == 0;
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}
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/* 入队 */
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void offer(int num) {
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// 尾结点后添加 num
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ListNode* node = new ListNode(num);
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node->next = back;
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back = node;
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qSize++;
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}
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/* 出队 */
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int poll() {
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if (qSize == 0)
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throw out_of_range("队列为空");
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// 删除头结点
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ListNode* node = front;
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front = front->next;
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return node->val;
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}
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/* 访问队首元素 */
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int peek() {
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return front->val;
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}
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/* 将 List 转化为 Array 并返回 */
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vector<int> toVector() {
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ListNode* node = front;
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vector<int> vec;
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while (node != nullptr) {
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vec.push_back(node->val);
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node = node->next;
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}
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reverse(vec.begin(), vec.end());
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return vec;
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}
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};
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/* Driver Code */
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int main() {
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/* 初始化队列 */
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LinkedListQueue* queue = new LinkedListQueue();
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/* 元素入队 */
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queue->offer(1);
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queue->offer(3);
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queue->offer(2);
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queue->offer(5);
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queue->offer(4);
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cout << "队列 queue = ";
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PrintUtil::printVector(queue->toVector());
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/* 访问队首元素 */
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int peek = queue->peek();
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cout << "队首元素 peek = " << peek << endl;
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/* 元素出队 */
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int poll = queue->poll();
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cout << "出队元素 poll = " << poll << ",出队后 queue = ";
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PrintUtil::printVector(queue->toVector());
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/* 获取队列的长度 */
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int size = queue->size();
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cout << "队列长度 size = " << size << endl;
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/* 判断队列是否为空 */
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bool empty = queue->empty();
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cout << "队列是否为空 = " << empty << endl;
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return 0;
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}
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@ -9,38 +9,59 @@
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/* 基于链表实现的栈 */
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class LinkedListStack {
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private:
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list<int> list;
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ListNode* stackTop; // 将头结点作为栈顶
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int stackSize; // 栈的长度
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public:
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LinkedListStack() {
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stackTop = nullptr;
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stackSize = 0;
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}
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/* 获取栈的长度 */
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int size() {
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return list.size();
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return stackSize;
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}
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/* 判断栈是否为空 */
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bool empty() {
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return list.empty();
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return size() == 0;
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}
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/* 入栈 */
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void push(int num) {
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list.push_back(num);
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ListNode* node = new ListNode(num);
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node->next = stackTop;
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stackTop = node;
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stackSize++;
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}
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/* 出栈 */
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int pop() {
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int oldTop = list.back();
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list.pop_back();
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return oldTop;
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if (size() == 0)
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throw out_of_range("栈为空");
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int num = stackTop->val;
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stackTop = stackTop->next;
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stackSize--;
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return num;
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}
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/* 访问栈顶元素 */
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int top() {
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return list.back();
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if (size() == 0)
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throw out_of_range("栈为空");
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return stackTop->val;
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}
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/* 将 List 转化为 Array 并返回 */
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vector<int> toVector() {
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vector<int> vec;
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for (int num : list) {
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vec.push_back(num);
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ListNode* node = stackTop;
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vector<int> res(size());
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for (int i = res.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
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res[i] = node->val;
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node = node->next;
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}
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return vec;
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return res;
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}
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};
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@ -57,8 +78,7 @@ int main() {
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stack->push(5);
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stack->push(4);
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cout << "栈 stack = ";
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vector<int> vec = stack->toVector();
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PrintUtil::printVector(vec);
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PrintUtil::printVector(stack->toVector());
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/* 访问栈顶元素 */
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int top = stack->top();
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@ -67,8 +87,7 @@ int main() {
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/* 元素出栈 */
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int pop = stack->pop();
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cout << "出栈元素 pop = " << pop << ",出栈后 stack = ";
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vec = stack->toVector();
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PrintUtil::printVector(vec);
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PrintUtil::printVector(stack->toVector());
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/* 获取栈的长度 */
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int size = stack->size();
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@ -77,4 +96,6 @@ int main() {
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/* 判断是否为空 */
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bool empty = stack->empty();
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cout << "栈是否为空 = " << empty << endl;
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return 0;
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}
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@ -35,7 +35,8 @@ int main(){
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cout << "队列长度 size = " << size << endl;
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/* 判断队列是否为空 */
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bool isEmpty = queue.empty();
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bool empty = queue.empty();
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cout << "队列是否为空 = " << empty << endl;
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return 0;
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}
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@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ int main() {
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/* 判断是否为空 */
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bool empty = stack.empty();
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cout << "栈是否为空 = " << empty << endl;
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return 0;
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}
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@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ class PrintUtil {
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* @param list
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*/
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template <typename T>
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static void printVector(vector<T> &list) {
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static void printVector(vector<T> list) {
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cout << getVectorString(list) << '\n';
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}
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@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ class PrintUtil {
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* @param stk
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*/
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template <typename T>
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static void printStack(stack<T> &stk) {
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static void printStack(stack<T> stk) {
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// Reverse the input stack
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stack<T> tmp;
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while(!stk.empty()) {
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@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ class PrintUtil {
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* @param queue
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*/
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template <typename T>
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static void printQueue(queue<T> &queue)
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static void printQueue(queue<T> queue)
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{
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// Generate the string to print
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ostringstream s;
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@ -261,4 +261,20 @@ class PrintUtil {
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}
|
||||
cout << "[" + s.str() + "]" << '\n';
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
template <typename T>
|
||||
static void printDeque(deque<T> deque) {
|
||||
// Generate the string to print
|
||||
ostringstream s;
|
||||
bool flag = true;
|
||||
while(!deque.empty()) {
|
||||
if (flag) {
|
||||
s << deque.front();
|
||||
flag = false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
else s << ", " << deque.front();
|
||||
deque.pop_front();
|
||||
}
|
||||
cout << "[" + s.str() + "]" << '\n';
|
||||
}
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
@ -10,10 +10,9 @@ import java.util.*;
|
||||
|
||||
/* 基于环形数组实现的队列 */
|
||||
class ArrayQueue {
|
||||
int[] nums; // 用于存储队列元素的数组
|
||||
int size = 0; // 队列长度(即元素个数)
|
||||
int front = 0; // 头指针,指向队首
|
||||
int rear = 0; // 尾指针,指向队尾 + 1
|
||||
private int[] nums; // 用于存储队列元素的数组
|
||||
private int front = 0; // 头指针,指向队首
|
||||
private int rear = 0; // 尾指针,指向队尾 + 1
|
||||
|
||||
public ArrayQueue(int capacity) {
|
||||
// 初始化数组
|
||||
@ -108,12 +107,13 @@ public class array_queue {
|
||||
|
||||
/* 判断队列是否为空 */
|
||||
boolean isEmpty = queue.isEmpty();
|
||||
System.out.println("队列是否为空 = " + isEmpty);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 测试环形数组 */
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
|
||||
queue.offer(i);
|
||||
queue.poll();
|
||||
System.out.println("第 " + i + " 轮入队+出队后 queue = " + Arrays.toString(queue.toArray()));
|
||||
System.out.println("第 " + i + " 轮入队 + 出队后 queue = " + Arrays.toString(queue.toArray()));
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
@ -10,15 +10,15 @@ import java.util.*;
|
||||
|
||||
/* 基于数组实现的栈 */
|
||||
class ArrayStack {
|
||||
ArrayList<Integer> list;
|
||||
private ArrayList<Integer> stack;
|
||||
public ArrayStack() {
|
||||
// 初始化列表(动态数组)
|
||||
list = new ArrayList<>();
|
||||
stack = new ArrayList<>();
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取栈的长度 */
|
||||
public int size() {
|
||||
return list.size();
|
||||
return stack.size();
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 判断栈是否为空 */
|
||||
@ -28,27 +28,27 @@ class ArrayStack {
|
||||
|
||||
/* 入栈 */
|
||||
public void push(int num) {
|
||||
list.add(num);
|
||||
stack.add(num);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 出栈 */
|
||||
public int pop() {
|
||||
return list.remove(size() - 1);
|
||||
return stack.remove(size() - 1);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问栈顶元素 */
|
||||
public int peek() {
|
||||
return list.get(size() - 1);
|
||||
return stack.get(size() - 1);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问索引 index 处元素 */
|
||||
public int get(int index) {
|
||||
return list.get(index);
|
||||
return stack.get(index);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 将 List 转化为 Array 并返回 */
|
||||
public Object[] toArray() {
|
||||
return list.toArray();
|
||||
return stack.toArray();
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@ -79,5 +79,6 @@ public class array_stack {
|
||||
|
||||
/* 判断是否为空 */
|
||||
boolean isEmpty = stack.isEmpty();
|
||||
System.out.println("栈是否为空 = " + isEmpty);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import java.util.*;
|
||||
|
||||
public class deque {
|
||||
public static void main(String[] args) {
|
||||
/* 初始化队列 */
|
||||
/* 初始化双向队列 */
|
||||
Deque<Integer> deque = new LinkedList<>();
|
||||
|
||||
/* 元素入队 */
|
||||
@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ public class deque {
|
||||
deque.offerLast(4);
|
||||
deque.offerFirst(3);
|
||||
deque.offerFirst(1);
|
||||
System.out.println("队列 deque = " + deque);
|
||||
System.out.println("双向队列 deque = " + deque);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问队首元素 */
|
||||
int peekFirst = deque.peekFirst();
|
||||
@ -33,11 +33,12 @@ public class deque {
|
||||
int pollLast = deque.pollLast();
|
||||
System.out.println("队尾出队元素 pollLast = " + pollLast + ",队尾出队后 deque = " + deque);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取队列的长度 */
|
||||
/* 获取双向队列的长度 */
|
||||
int size = deque.size();
|
||||
System.out.println("队列长度 size = " + size);
|
||||
System.out.println("双向队列长度 size = " + size);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 判断队列是否为空 */
|
||||
/* 判断双向队列是否为空 */
|
||||
boolean isEmpty = deque.isEmpty();
|
||||
System.out.println("双向队列是否为空 = " + isEmpty);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
@ -77,5 +77,6 @@ public class linkedlist_queue {
|
||||
|
||||
/* 判断队列是否为空 */
|
||||
boolean isEmpty = queue.isEmpty();
|
||||
System.out.println("队列是否为空 = " + isEmpty);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
@ -7,18 +7,20 @@
|
||||
package chapter_stack_and_queue;
|
||||
|
||||
import java.util.*;
|
||||
import include.*;
|
||||
|
||||
/* 基于链表实现的栈 */
|
||||
class LinkedListStack {
|
||||
LinkedList<Integer> list;
|
||||
private ListNode stackPeek; // 将头结点作为栈顶
|
||||
private int stackSize = 0; // 栈的长度
|
||||
|
||||
public LinkedListStack() {
|
||||
// 初始化链表
|
||||
list = new LinkedList<>();
|
||||
stackPeek = null;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取栈的长度 */
|
||||
public int size() {
|
||||
return list.size();
|
||||
return stackSize;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 判断栈是否为空 */
|
||||
@ -28,22 +30,38 @@ class LinkedListStack {
|
||||
|
||||
/* 入栈 */
|
||||
public void push(int num) {
|
||||
list.addLast(num);
|
||||
ListNode node = new ListNode(num);
|
||||
node.next = stackPeek;
|
||||
stackPeek = node;
|
||||
stackSize++;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 出栈 */
|
||||
public int pop() {
|
||||
return list.removeLast();
|
||||
if (size() == 0)
|
||||
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
|
||||
int num = peek();
|
||||
stackPeek = stackPeek.next;
|
||||
stackSize--;
|
||||
return num;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问栈顶元素 */
|
||||
public int peek() {
|
||||
return list.getLast();
|
||||
if (size() == 0)
|
||||
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
|
||||
return stackPeek.val;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 将 List 转化为 Array 并返回 */
|
||||
public Object[] toArray() {
|
||||
return list.toArray();
|
||||
public int[] toArray() {
|
||||
ListNode node = stackPeek;
|
||||
int[] res = new int[size()];
|
||||
for (int i = res.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
|
||||
res[i] = node.val;
|
||||
node = node.next;
|
||||
}
|
||||
return res;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@ -74,5 +92,6 @@ public class linkedlist_stack {
|
||||
|
||||
/* 判断是否为空 */
|
||||
boolean isEmpty = stack.isEmpty();
|
||||
System.out.println("栈是否为空 = " + isEmpty);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
@ -35,5 +35,6 @@ public class queue {
|
||||
|
||||
/* 判断队列是否为空 */
|
||||
boolean isEmpty = queue.isEmpty();
|
||||
System.out.println("队列是否为空 = " + isEmpty);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
@ -11,22 +11,23 @@ import java.util.*;
|
||||
public class stack {
|
||||
public static void main(String[] args) {
|
||||
/* 初始化栈 */
|
||||
Stack<Integer> stack = new Stack<>();
|
||||
// 在 Java 中,推荐将 LinkedList 当作栈来使用
|
||||
LinkedList<Integer> stack = new LinkedList<>();
|
||||
|
||||
/* 元素入栈 */
|
||||
stack.push(1);
|
||||
stack.push(3);
|
||||
stack.push(2);
|
||||
stack.push(5);
|
||||
stack.push(4);
|
||||
stack.addLast(1);
|
||||
stack.addLast(3);
|
||||
stack.addLast(2);
|
||||
stack.addLast(5);
|
||||
stack.addLast(4);
|
||||
System.out.println("栈 stack = " + stack);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问栈顶元素 */
|
||||
int peek = stack.peek();
|
||||
int peek = stack.peekLast();
|
||||
System.out.println("栈顶元素 peek = " + peek);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 元素出栈 */
|
||||
int pop = stack.pop();
|
||||
int pop = stack.removeLast();
|
||||
System.out.println("出栈元素 pop = " + pop + ",出栈后 stack = " + stack);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取栈的长度 */
|
||||
@ -35,5 +36,6 @@ public class stack {
|
||||
|
||||
/* 判断是否为空 */
|
||||
boolean isEmpty = stack.isEmpty();
|
||||
System.out.println("栈是否为空 = " + isEmpty);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
@ -12,64 +12,64 @@ from include import *
|
||||
class MyList:
|
||||
""" 构造函数 """
|
||||
def __init__(self):
|
||||
self._capacity = 10 # 列表容量
|
||||
self._nums = [0] * self._capacity # 数组(存储列表元素)
|
||||
self._size = 0 # 列表长度(即当前元素数量)
|
||||
self._extend_ratio = 2 # 每次列表扩容的倍数
|
||||
self.__capacity = 10 # 列表容量
|
||||
self.__nums = [0] * self.__capacity # 数组(存储列表元素)
|
||||
self.__size = 0 # 列表长度(即当前元素数量)
|
||||
self.__extend_ratio = 2 # 每次列表扩容的倍数
|
||||
|
||||
""" 获取列表长度(即当前元素数量) """
|
||||
def size(self):
|
||||
return self._size
|
||||
return self.__size
|
||||
|
||||
""" 获取列表容量 """
|
||||
def capacity(self):
|
||||
return self._capacity
|
||||
return self.__capacity
|
||||
|
||||
""" 访问元素 """
|
||||
def get(self, index):
|
||||
# 索引如果越界则抛出异常,下同
|
||||
assert index < self._size, "索引越界"
|
||||
return self._nums[index]
|
||||
assert index < self.__size, "索引越界"
|
||||
return self.__nums[index]
|
||||
|
||||
""" 更新元素 """
|
||||
def set(self, num, index):
|
||||
assert index < self._size, "索引越界"
|
||||
self._nums[index] = num
|
||||
assert index < self.__size, "索引越界"
|
||||
self.__nums[index] = num
|
||||
|
||||
""" 中间插入元素 """
|
||||
def add(self, num, index=-1):
|
||||
assert index < self._size, "索引越界"
|
||||
assert index < self.__size, "索引越界"
|
||||
if index == -1:
|
||||
index = self._size
|
||||
index = self.__size
|
||||
# 元素数量超出容量时,触发扩容机制
|
||||
if self._size == self.capacity():
|
||||
if self.__size == self.capacity():
|
||||
self.extend_capacity()
|
||||
# 索引 i 以及之后的元素都向后移动一位
|
||||
for j in range(self._size - 1, index - 1, -1):
|
||||
self._nums[j + 1] = self._nums[j]
|
||||
self._nums[index] = num
|
||||
for j in range(self.__size - 1, index - 1, -1):
|
||||
self.__nums[j + 1] = self.__nums[j]
|
||||
self.__nums[index] = num
|
||||
# 更新元素数量
|
||||
self._size += 1
|
||||
self.__size += 1
|
||||
|
||||
""" 删除元素 """
|
||||
def remove(self, index):
|
||||
assert index < self._size, "索引越界"
|
||||
assert index < self.__size, "索引越界"
|
||||
# 索引 i 之后的元素都向前移动一位
|
||||
for j in range(index, self._size - 1):
|
||||
self._nums[j] = self._nums[j + 1]
|
||||
for j in range(index, self.__size - 1):
|
||||
self.__nums[j] = self.__nums[j + 1]
|
||||
# 更新元素数量
|
||||
self._size -= 1
|
||||
self.__size -= 1
|
||||
|
||||
""" 列表扩容 """
|
||||
def extend_capacity(self):
|
||||
# 新建一个长度为 self._size 的数组,并将原数组拷贝到新数组
|
||||
self._nums = self._nums + [0] * self.capacity() * (self._extend_ratio - 1)
|
||||
# 新建一个长度为 self.__size 的数组,并将原数组拷贝到新数组
|
||||
self.__nums = self.__nums + [0] * self.capacity() * (self.__extend_ratio - 1)
|
||||
# 更新列表容量
|
||||
self._capacity = len(self._nums)
|
||||
self.__capacity = len(self.__nums)
|
||||
|
||||
""" 返回有效长度的列表 """
|
||||
def to_array(self):
|
||||
return self._nums[:self._size]
|
||||
return self.__nums[:self.__size]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
""" Driver Code """
|
||||
|
@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class ArrayStack:
|
||||
return self.__stack[index]
|
||||
|
||||
""" 返回列表用于打印 """
|
||||
def toList(self):
|
||||
def to_list(self):
|
||||
return self.__stack
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
|
||||
stack.push(2)
|
||||
stack.push(5)
|
||||
stack.push(4)
|
||||
print("栈 stack =", stack.toList())
|
||||
print("栈 stack =", stack.to_list())
|
||||
|
||||
""" 访问栈顶元素 """
|
||||
peek = stack.peek()
|
||||
@ -62,11 +62,12 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
|
||||
""" 元素出栈 """
|
||||
pop = stack.pop()
|
||||
print("出栈元素 pop =", pop)
|
||||
print("出栈后 stack =", stack.toList())
|
||||
print("出栈后 stack =", stack.to_list())
|
||||
|
||||
""" 获取栈的长度 """
|
||||
size = stack.size()
|
||||
print("栈的长度 size =", size)
|
||||
|
||||
""" 判断是否为空 """
|
||||
isEmpty = stack.is_empty()
|
||||
is_empty = stack.is_empty()
|
||||
print("栈是否为空 =", is_empty)
|
@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ from include import *
|
||||
""" 基于链表实现的栈 """
|
||||
class LinkedListStack:
|
||||
def __init__(self):
|
||||
self.__head = None
|
||||
self.__peek = None
|
||||
self.__size = 0
|
||||
|
||||
""" 获取栈的长度 """
|
||||
@ -20,34 +20,34 @@ class LinkedListStack:
|
||||
|
||||
""" 判断栈是否为空 """
|
||||
def is_empty(self):
|
||||
return not self.__head
|
||||
return not self.__peek
|
||||
|
||||
""" 入栈 """
|
||||
def push(self, val):
|
||||
node = ListNode(val)
|
||||
node.next = self.__head
|
||||
self.__head = node
|
||||
node.next = self.__peek
|
||||
self.__peek = node
|
||||
self.__size += 1
|
||||
|
||||
""" 出栈 """
|
||||
def pop(self):
|
||||
# 判空处理
|
||||
if not self.__head: return None
|
||||
pop = self.__head.val
|
||||
self.__head = self.__head.next
|
||||
if not self.__peek: return None
|
||||
pop = self.__peek.val
|
||||
self.__peek = self.__peek.next
|
||||
self.__size -= 1
|
||||
return pop
|
||||
|
||||
""" 访问栈顶元素 """
|
||||
def peek(self):
|
||||
# 判空处理
|
||||
if not self.__head: return None
|
||||
return self.__head.val
|
||||
if not self.__peek: return None
|
||||
return self.__peek.val
|
||||
|
||||
""" 转化为列表用于打印 """
|
||||
def to_list(self):
|
||||
arr = []
|
||||
node = self.__head
|
||||
node = self.__peek
|
||||
while node:
|
||||
arr.append(node.val)
|
||||
node = node.next
|
||||
@ -82,4 +82,5 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
|
||||
print("栈的长度 size =", size)
|
||||
|
||||
""" 判断是否为空 """
|
||||
isEmpty = stack.is_empty()
|
||||
is_empty = stack.is_empty()
|
||||
print("栈是否为空 =", is_empty)
|
||||
|
@ -37,4 +37,5 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
|
||||
print("栈的长度 size =", size)
|
||||
|
||||
""" 判断是否为空 """
|
||||
isEmpty = len(stack) == 0
|
||||
is_empty = len(stack) == 0
|
||||
print("栈是否为空 =", is_empty)
|
||||
|
@ -356,14 +356,14 @@ comments: true
|
||||
int get(int index) {
|
||||
// 索引如果越界则抛出异常,下同
|
||||
if (index >= size())
|
||||
throw std::out_of_range ("索引越界");
|
||||
throw out_of_range("索引越界");
|
||||
return nums[index];
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 更新元素 */
|
||||
void set(int index, int num) {
|
||||
if (index >= size())
|
||||
throw std::out_of_range ("索引越界");
|
||||
throw out_of_range("索引越界");
|
||||
nums[index] = num;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ comments: true
|
||||
/* 中间插入元素 */
|
||||
void insert(int index, int num) {
|
||||
if (index >= size())
|
||||
throw std::out_of_range ("索引越界");
|
||||
throw out_of_range("索引越界");
|
||||
// 元素数量超出容量时,触发扩容机制
|
||||
if (size() == capacity())
|
||||
extendCapacity();
|
||||
@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ comments: true
|
||||
/* 删除元素 */
|
||||
void remove(int index) {
|
||||
if (index >= size())
|
||||
throw std::out_of_range ("索引越界");
|
||||
throw out_of_range("索引越界");
|
||||
// 索引 i 之后的元素都向前移动一位
|
||||
for (int j = index; j < size() - 1; j++) {
|
||||
nums[j] = nums[j + 1];
|
||||
@ -439,58 +439,58 @@ comments: true
|
||||
class MyList:
|
||||
""" 构造函数 """
|
||||
def __init__(self):
|
||||
self._capacity = 10 # 列表容量
|
||||
self._nums = [0] * self._capacity # 数组(存储列表元素)
|
||||
self._size = 0 # 列表长度(即当前元素数量)
|
||||
self._extend_ratio = 2 # 每次列表扩容的倍数
|
||||
self.__capacity = 10 # 列表容量
|
||||
self.__nums = [0] * self.__capacity # 数组(存储列表元素)
|
||||
self.__size = 0 # 列表长度(即当前元素数量)
|
||||
self.__extend_ratio = 2 # 每次列表扩容的倍数
|
||||
|
||||
""" 获取列表长度(即当前元素数量) """
|
||||
def size(self):
|
||||
return self._size
|
||||
return self.__size
|
||||
|
||||
""" 获取列表容量 """
|
||||
def capacity(self):
|
||||
return self._capacity
|
||||
return self.__capacity
|
||||
|
||||
""" 访问元素 """
|
||||
def get(self, index):
|
||||
# 索引如果越界则抛出异常,下同
|
||||
assert index < self._size, "索引越界"
|
||||
return self._nums[index]
|
||||
assert index < self.__size, "索引越界"
|
||||
return self.__nums[index]
|
||||
|
||||
""" 更新元素 """
|
||||
def set(self, num, index):
|
||||
assert index < self._size, "索引越界"
|
||||
self._nums[index] = num
|
||||
assert index < self.__size, "索引越界"
|
||||
self.__nums[index] = num
|
||||
|
||||
""" 中间插入元素 """
|
||||
def add(self, num, index=-1):
|
||||
assert index < self._size, "索引越界"
|
||||
assert index < self.__size, "索引越界"
|
||||
if index == -1:
|
||||
index = self._size
|
||||
index = self.__size
|
||||
# 元素数量超出容量时,触发扩容机制
|
||||
if self._size == self.capacity():
|
||||
if self.__size == self.capacity():
|
||||
self.extend_capacity()
|
||||
# 索引 i 以及之后的元素都向后移动一位
|
||||
for j in range(self._size - 1, index - 1, -1):
|
||||
self._nums[j + 1] = self._nums[j]
|
||||
self._nums[index] = num
|
||||
for j in range(self.__size - 1, index - 1, -1):
|
||||
self.__nums[j + 1] = self.__nums[j]
|
||||
self.__nums[index] = num
|
||||
# 更新元素数量
|
||||
self._size += 1
|
||||
self.__size += 1
|
||||
|
||||
""" 删除元素 """
|
||||
def remove(self, index):
|
||||
assert index < self._size, "索引越界"
|
||||
assert index < self.__size, "索引越界"
|
||||
# 索引 i 之后的元素都向前移动一位
|
||||
for j in range(index, self._size - 1):
|
||||
self._nums[j] = self._nums[j + 1]
|
||||
for j in range(index, self.__size - 1):
|
||||
self.__nums[j] = self.__nums[j + 1]
|
||||
# 更新元素数量
|
||||
self._size -= 1
|
||||
self.__size -= 1
|
||||
|
||||
""" 列表扩容 """
|
||||
def extend_capacity(self):
|
||||
# 新建一个长度为 self._size 的数组,并将原数组拷贝到新数组
|
||||
self._nums = self._nums + [0] * self.capacity() * (self._extend_ratio - 1)
|
||||
# 新建一个长度为 self.__size 的数组,并将原数组拷贝到新数组
|
||||
self.__nums = self.__nums + [0] * self.capacity() * (self.__extend_ratio - 1)
|
||||
# 更新列表容量
|
||||
self._capacity = len(self._nums)
|
||||
self.__capacity = len(self.__nums)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ comments: true
|
||||
deque.offerLast(4);
|
||||
deque.offerFirst(3);
|
||||
deque.offerFirst(1);
|
||||
System.out.println("队列 deque = " + deque);
|
||||
System.out.println("双向队列 deque = " + deque);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问队首元素 */
|
||||
int peekFirst = deque.peekFirst();
|
||||
@ -55,18 +55,17 @@ comments: true
|
||||
|
||||
/* 元素出队 */
|
||||
int pollFirst = deque.pollFirst();
|
||||
System.out.println("队首出队元素 pollFirst = " + pollFirst +
|
||||
",队首出队后 deque = " + deque);
|
||||
System.out.println("队首出队元素 pollFirst = " + pollFirst + ",队首出队后 deque = " + deque);
|
||||
int pollLast = deque.pollLast();
|
||||
System.out.println("队尾出队元素 pollLast = " + pollLast +
|
||||
",队尾出队后 deque = " + deque);
|
||||
System.out.println("队尾出队元素 pollLast = " + pollLast + ",队尾出队后 deque = " + deque);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取队列的长度 */
|
||||
/* 获取双向队列的长度 */
|
||||
int size = deque.size();
|
||||
System.out.println("队列长度 size = " + size);
|
||||
System.out.println("双向队列长度 size = " + size);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 判断队列是否为空 */
|
||||
/* 判断双向队列是否为空 */
|
||||
boolean isEmpty = deque.isEmpty();
|
||||
System.out.println("双向队列是否为空 = " + isEmpty);
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
=== "C++"
|
||||
|
@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ comments: true
|
||||
|
||||
/* 判断队列是否为空 */
|
||||
boolean isEmpty = queue.isEmpty();
|
||||
System.out.println("队列是否为空 = " + isEmpty);
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
=== "C++"
|
||||
@ -145,10 +146,9 @@ comments: true
|
||||
```java title="array_queue.java"
|
||||
/* 基于环形数组实现的队列 */
|
||||
class ArrayQueue {
|
||||
int[] nums; // 用于存储队列元素的数组
|
||||
int size = 0; // 队列长度(即元素个数)
|
||||
int front = 0; // 头指针,指向队首
|
||||
int rear = 0; // 尾指针,指向队尾 + 1
|
||||
private int[] nums; // 用于存储队列元素的数组
|
||||
private int front = 0; // 头指针,指向队首
|
||||
private int rear = 0; // 尾指针,指向队尾 + 1
|
||||
|
||||
public ArrayQueue(int capacity) {
|
||||
// 初始化数组
|
||||
|
@ -36,22 +36,23 @@ comments: true
|
||||
|
||||
```java title="stack.java"
|
||||
/* 初始化栈 */
|
||||
Stack<Integer> stack = new Stack<>();
|
||||
// 在 Java 中,推荐将 LinkedList 当作栈来使用
|
||||
LinkedList<Integer> stack = new LinkedList<>();
|
||||
|
||||
/* 元素入栈 */
|
||||
stack.push(1);
|
||||
stack.push(3);
|
||||
stack.push(2);
|
||||
stack.push(5);
|
||||
stack.push(4);
|
||||
stack.addLast(1);
|
||||
stack.addLast(3);
|
||||
stack.addLast(2);
|
||||
stack.addLast(5);
|
||||
stack.addLast(4);
|
||||
System.out.println("栈 stack = " + stack);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问栈顶元素 */
|
||||
int peek = stack.peek();
|
||||
int peek = stack.peekLast();
|
||||
System.out.println("栈顶元素 peek = " + peek);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 元素出栈 */
|
||||
int pop = stack.pop();
|
||||
int pop = stack.removeLast();
|
||||
System.out.println("出栈元素 pop = " + pop + ",出栈后 stack = " + stack);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取栈的长度 */
|
||||
@ -60,18 +61,73 @@ comments: true
|
||||
|
||||
/* 判断是否为空 */
|
||||
boolean isEmpty = stack.isEmpty();
|
||||
System.out.println("栈是否为空 = " + isEmpty);
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
=== "C++"
|
||||
|
||||
```cpp title="stack.cpp"
|
||||
/* 初始化栈 */
|
||||
stack<int> stack;
|
||||
|
||||
/* 元素入栈 */
|
||||
stack.push(1);
|
||||
stack.push(3);
|
||||
stack.push(2);
|
||||
stack.push(5);
|
||||
stack.push(4);
|
||||
cout << "栈 stack = ";
|
||||
PrintUtil::printStack(stack);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问栈顶元素 */
|
||||
int top = stack.top();
|
||||
cout << "栈顶元素 top = " << top << endl;
|
||||
|
||||
/* 元素出栈 */
|
||||
stack.pop();
|
||||
cout << "出栈元素 pop = " << top << ",出栈后 stack = ";
|
||||
PrintUtil::printStack(stack);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取栈的长度 */
|
||||
int size = stack.size();
|
||||
cout << "栈的长度 size = " << size << endl;
|
||||
|
||||
/* 判断是否为空 */
|
||||
bool empty = stack.empty();
|
||||
cout << "栈是否为空 = " << empty << endl;
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
=== "Python"
|
||||
|
||||
```python title="stack.py"
|
||||
""" 初始化栈 """
|
||||
# Python 没有内置的栈类,可以把 list 当作栈来使用
|
||||
stack = []
|
||||
|
||||
""" 元素入栈 """
|
||||
stack.append(1)
|
||||
stack.append(3)
|
||||
stack.append(2)
|
||||
stack.append(5)
|
||||
stack.append(4)
|
||||
print("栈 stack =", stack)
|
||||
|
||||
""" 访问栈顶元素 """
|
||||
peek = stack[-1]
|
||||
print("栈顶元素 peek =", peek)
|
||||
|
||||
""" 元素出栈 """
|
||||
pop = stack.pop()
|
||||
print("出栈元素 pop =", pop)
|
||||
print("出栈后 stack =", stack)
|
||||
|
||||
""" 获取栈的长度 """
|
||||
size = len(stack)
|
||||
print("栈的长度 size =", size)
|
||||
|
||||
""" 判断是否为空 """
|
||||
is_empty = len(stack) == 0
|
||||
print("栈是否为空 =", is_empty)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## 栈的实现
|
||||
@ -91,14 +147,15 @@ comments: true
|
||||
```java title="linkedlist_stack.java"
|
||||
/* 基于链表实现的栈 */
|
||||
class LinkedListStack {
|
||||
LinkedList<Integer> list;
|
||||
private ListNode stackPeek; // 将头结点作为栈顶
|
||||
private int stackSize = 0; // 栈的长度
|
||||
|
||||
public LinkedListStack() {
|
||||
// 初始化链表
|
||||
list = new LinkedList<>();
|
||||
stackPeek = null;
|
||||
}
|
||||
/* 获取栈的长度 */
|
||||
public int size() {
|
||||
return list.size();
|
||||
return stackSize;
|
||||
}
|
||||
/* 判断栈是否为空 */
|
||||
public boolean isEmpty() {
|
||||
@ -106,15 +163,25 @@ comments: true
|
||||
}
|
||||
/* 入栈 */
|
||||
public void push(int num) {
|
||||
list.addLast(num);
|
||||
ListNode node = new ListNode(num);
|
||||
node.next = stackPeek;
|
||||
stackPeek = node;
|
||||
stackSize++;
|
||||
}
|
||||
/* 出栈 */
|
||||
public int pop() {
|
||||
return list.removeLast();
|
||||
if (size() == 0)
|
||||
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
|
||||
int num = peek();
|
||||
stackPeek = stackPeek.next;
|
||||
stackSize--;
|
||||
return num;
|
||||
}
|
||||
/* 访问栈顶元素 */
|
||||
public int peek() {
|
||||
return list.getLast();
|
||||
if (size() == 0)
|
||||
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
|
||||
return stackPeek.val;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
@ -122,13 +189,88 @@ comments: true
|
||||
=== "C++"
|
||||
|
||||
```cpp title="linkedlist_stack.cpp"
|
||||
/* 基于链表实现的栈 */
|
||||
class LinkedListStack {
|
||||
private:
|
||||
ListNode* stackTop; // 将头结点作为栈顶
|
||||
int stackSize; // 栈的长度
|
||||
|
||||
public:
|
||||
LinkedListStack() {
|
||||
stackTop = nullptr;
|
||||
stackSize = 0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
/* 获取栈的长度 */
|
||||
int size() {
|
||||
return stackSize;
|
||||
}
|
||||
/* 判断栈是否为空 */
|
||||
bool empty() {
|
||||
return size() == 0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
/* 入栈 */
|
||||
void push(int num) {
|
||||
ListNode* node = new ListNode(num);
|
||||
node->next = stackTop;
|
||||
stackTop = node;
|
||||
stackSize++;
|
||||
}
|
||||
/* 出栈 */
|
||||
int pop() {
|
||||
if (size() == 0)
|
||||
throw out_of_range("栈为空");
|
||||
int num = stackTop->val;
|
||||
stackTop = stackTop->next;
|
||||
stackSize--;
|
||||
return num;
|
||||
}
|
||||
/* 访问栈顶元素 */
|
||||
int top() {
|
||||
if (size() == 0)
|
||||
throw out_of_range("栈为空");
|
||||
return stackTop->val;
|
||||
}
|
||||
};
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
=== "Python"
|
||||
|
||||
```python title="linkedlist_stack.py"
|
||||
""" 基于链表实现的栈 """
|
||||
class LinkedListStack:
|
||||
def __init__(self):
|
||||
self.__peek = None
|
||||
self.__size = 0
|
||||
|
||||
""" 获取栈的长度 """
|
||||
def size(self):
|
||||
return self.__size
|
||||
|
||||
""" 判断栈是否为空 """
|
||||
def is_empty(self):
|
||||
return not self.__peek
|
||||
|
||||
""" 入栈 """
|
||||
def push(self, val):
|
||||
node = ListNode(val)
|
||||
node.next = self.__peek
|
||||
self.__peek = node
|
||||
self.__size += 1
|
||||
|
||||
""" 出栈 """
|
||||
def pop(self):
|
||||
# 判空处理
|
||||
if not self.__peek: return None
|
||||
pop = self.__peek.val
|
||||
self.__peek = self.__peek.next
|
||||
self.__size -= 1
|
||||
return pop
|
||||
|
||||
""" 访问栈顶元素 """
|
||||
def peek(self):
|
||||
# 判空处理
|
||||
if not self.__peek: return None
|
||||
return self.__peek.val
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 基于数组的实现
|
||||
@ -142,14 +284,14 @@ comments: true
|
||||
```java title="array_stack.java"
|
||||
/* 基于数组实现的栈 */
|
||||
class ArrayStack {
|
||||
List<Integer> list;
|
||||
private ArrayList<Integer> stack;
|
||||
public ArrayStack() {
|
||||
// 初始化列表(动态数组)
|
||||
list = new ArrayList<>();
|
||||
stack = new ArrayList<>();
|
||||
}
|
||||
/* 获取栈的长度 */
|
||||
public int size() {
|
||||
return list.size();
|
||||
return stack.size();
|
||||
}
|
||||
/* 判断栈是否为空 */
|
||||
public boolean isEmpty() {
|
||||
@ -157,19 +299,19 @@ comments: true
|
||||
}
|
||||
/* 入栈 */
|
||||
public void push(int num) {
|
||||
list.add(num);
|
||||
stack.add(num);
|
||||
}
|
||||
/* 出栈 */
|
||||
public int pop() {
|
||||
return list.remove(size() - 1);
|
||||
return stack.remove(size() - 1);
|
||||
}
|
||||
/* 访问栈顶元素 */
|
||||
public int peek() {
|
||||
return list.get(size() - 1);
|
||||
return stack.get(size() - 1);
|
||||
}
|
||||
/* 访问索引 index 处元素 */
|
||||
public int get(int index) {
|
||||
return list.get(index);
|
||||
return stack.get(index);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
@ -177,13 +319,72 @@ comments: true
|
||||
=== "C++"
|
||||
|
||||
```cpp title="array_stack.cpp"
|
||||
/* 基于数组实现的栈 */
|
||||
class ArrayStack {
|
||||
private:
|
||||
vector<int> stack;
|
||||
|
||||
public:
|
||||
/* 获取栈的长度 */
|
||||
int size() {
|
||||
return stack.size();
|
||||
}
|
||||
/* 判断栈是否为空 */
|
||||
bool empty() {
|
||||
return stack.empty();
|
||||
}
|
||||
/* 入栈 */
|
||||
void push(int num) {
|
||||
stack.push_back(num);
|
||||
}
|
||||
/* 出栈 */
|
||||
int pop() {
|
||||
int oldTop = stack.back();
|
||||
stack.pop_back();
|
||||
return oldTop;
|
||||
}
|
||||
/* 访问栈顶元素 */
|
||||
int top() {
|
||||
return stack.back();
|
||||
}
|
||||
/* 访问索引 index 处元素 */
|
||||
int get(int index) {
|
||||
return stack[index];
|
||||
}
|
||||
};
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
=== "Python"
|
||||
|
||||
```python title="array_stack.py"
|
||||
""" 基于数组实现的栈 """
|
||||
class ArrayStack:
|
||||
def __init__(self):
|
||||
self.__stack = []
|
||||
|
||||
""" 获取栈的长度 """
|
||||
def size(self):
|
||||
return len(self.__stack)
|
||||
|
||||
""" 判断栈是否为空 """
|
||||
def is_empty(self):
|
||||
return self.__stack == []
|
||||
|
||||
""" 入栈 """
|
||||
def push(self, item):
|
||||
self.__stack.append(item)
|
||||
|
||||
""" 出栈 """
|
||||
def pop(self):
|
||||
return self.__stack.pop()
|
||||
|
||||
""" 访问栈顶元素 """
|
||||
def peek(self):
|
||||
return self.__stack[-1]
|
||||
|
||||
""" 访问索引 index 处元素 """
|
||||
def get(self, index):
|
||||
return self.__stack[index]
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
!!! tip
|
||||
@ -193,5 +394,4 @@ comments: true
|
||||
## 栈典型应用
|
||||
|
||||
- **浏览器中的后退与前进、软件中的撤销与反撤销。** 每当我们打开新的网页,浏览器就讲上一个网页执行入栈,这样我们就可以通过「后退」操作来回到上一页面,后退操作实际上是在执行出栈。如果要同时支持后退和前进,那么则需要两个栈来配合实现。
|
||||
|
||||
- **程序内存管理。** 每当调用函数时,系统就会在栈顶添加一个栈帧,用来记录函数的上下文信息。在递归函数中,向下递推会不断执行入栈,向上回溯阶段时出栈。
|
||||
|
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user