Update stack and queue.

This commit is contained in:
Yudong Jin 2022-11-30 02:27:26 +08:00
parent 53cc651af2
commit 8669e06414
24 changed files with 705 additions and 186 deletions

View File

@ -34,14 +34,14 @@ public:
int get(int index) {
// 索引如果越界则抛出异常,下同
if (index >= size())
throw std::out_of_range ("索引越界");
throw out_of_range("索引越界");
return nums[index];
}
/* 更新元素 */
void set(int index, int num) {
if (index >= size())
throw std::out_of_range ("索引越界");
throw out_of_range("索引越界");
nums[index] = num;
}
@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ public:
/* 中间插入元素 */
void insert(int index, int num) {
if (index >= size())
throw std::out_of_range ("索引越界");
throw out_of_range("索引越界");
// 元素数量超出容量时,触发扩容机制
if (size() == capacity())
extendCapacity();
@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ public:
/* 删除元素 */
void remove(int index) {
if (index >= size())
throw std::out_of_range ("索引越界");
throw out_of_range("索引越界");
// 索引 i 之后的元素都向前移动一位
for (int j = index; j < size() - 1; j++) {
nums[j] = nums[j + 1];

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@ -6,3 +6,119 @@
#include "../include/include.hpp"
/* 基于环形数组实现的队列 */
class ArrayQueue {
private:
vector<int> nums; // 用于存储队列元素的数组
int front = 0; // 头指针,指向队首
int rear = 0; // 尾指针,指向队尾 + 1
public:
ArrayQueue(int capacity) {
// 初始化数组
nums.resize(capacity);
}
/* 获取队列的容量 */
int capacity() {
return nums.size();
}
/* 获取队列的长度 */
int size() {
int cap = capacity();
// 由于将数组看作为环形,可能 rear < front ,因此需要取余数
return (cap + rear - front) % cap;
}
/* 判断队列是否为空 */
bool empty() {
return rear - front == 0;
}
/* 入队 */
void offer(int num) {
if (size() == capacity()) {
cout << "队列已满" << endl;
return;
}
// 尾结点后添加 num
nums[rear] = num;
// 尾指针向后移动一位,越过尾部后返回到数组头部
rear = (rear + 1) % capacity();
}
/* 出队 */
int poll() {
// 删除头结点
if (empty())
throw out_of_range("队列为空");
int num = nums[front];
// 队头指针向后移动,越过尾部后返回到数组头部
front = (front + 1) % capacity();
return num;
}
/* 访问队首元素 */
int peek() {
// 删除头结点
if (empty())
throw out_of_range("队列为空");
return nums[front];
}
vector<int> toVector() {
int siz = size();
int cap = capacity();
// 仅转换有效长度范围内的列表元素
vector<int> arr(siz);
for (int i = 0, j = front; i < siz; i++, j++) {
arr[i] = nums[j % cap];
}
return arr;
}
};
/* Driver Code */
int main() {
/* 初始化队列 */
int capacity = 10;
ArrayQueue* queue = new ArrayQueue(capacity);
/* 元素入队 */
queue->offer(1);
queue->offer(3);
queue->offer(2);
queue->offer(5);
queue->offer(4);
cout << "队列 queue = ";
PrintUtil::printVector(queue->toVector());
/* 访问队首元素 */
int peek = queue->peek();
cout << "队首元素 peek = " << peek << endl;
/* 元素出队 */
int poll = queue->poll();
cout << "出队元素 poll = " << poll << ",出队后 queue = ";
PrintUtil::printVector(queue->toVector());
/* 获取队列的长度 */
int size = queue->size();
cout << "队列长度 size = " << size << endl;
/* 判断队列是否为空 */
bool empty = queue->empty();
cout << "队列是否为空 = " << empty << endl;
/* 测试环形数组 */
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
queue->offer(i);
queue->poll();
cout << "" << i << " 轮入队 + 出队后 queue = ";
PrintUtil::printVector(queue->toVector());
}
return 0;
}

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@ -9,38 +9,44 @@
/* 基于数组实现的栈 */
class ArrayStack {
private:
vector<int> vec;
vector<int> stack;
public:
/* 获取栈的长度 */
int size() {
return vec.size();
return stack.size();
}
/* 判断栈是否为空 */
bool empty() {
return vec.empty();
return stack.empty();
}
/* 入栈 */
void push(int num) {
vec.push_back(num);
stack.push_back(num);
}
/* 出栈 */
int pop() {
int oldTop = vec.back();
vec.pop_back();
int oldTop = stack.back();
stack.pop_back();
return oldTop;
}
/* 访问栈顶元素 */
int top() {
return vec.back();
return stack.back();
}
/* 访问索引 index 处元素 */
int get(int index) {
return stack[index];
}
/* 返回 Vector */
vector<int> toVector() {
return vec;
return stack;
}
};
@ -57,8 +63,7 @@ int main() {
stack->push(5);
stack->push(4);
cout << "栈 stack = ";
vector<int> vec = stack->toVector();
PrintUtil::printVector(vec);
PrintUtil::printVector(stack->toVector());
/* 访问栈顶元素 */
int top = stack->top();
@ -67,8 +72,7 @@ int main() {
/* 元素出栈 */
int pop = stack->pop();
cout << "出栈元素 pop = " << pop << ",出栈后 stack = ";
vec = stack->toVector();
PrintUtil::printVector(vec);
PrintUtil::printVector(stack->toVector());
/* 获取栈的长度 */
int size = stack->size();

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@ -6,3 +6,42 @@
#include "../include/include.hpp"
/* Driver Code */
int main() {
/* 初始化双向队列 */
deque<int> deque;
/* 元素入队 */
deque.push_back(2);
deque.push_back(5);
deque.push_back(4);
deque.push_front(3);
deque.push_front(1);
cout << "双向队列 deque = ";
PrintUtil::printDeque(deque);
/* 访问队首元素 */
int front = deque.front();
cout << "队首元素 front = " << front << endl;
int back = deque.back();
cout << "队尾元素 back = " << back << endl;
/* 元素出队 */
deque.pop_front();
cout << "队首出队元素 popFront = " << front << ",队首出队后 deque = ";
PrintUtil::printDeque(deque);
deque.pop_back();
cout << "队尾出队元素 popLast = " << back << ",队尾出队后 deque = ";
PrintUtil::printDeque(deque);
/* 获取双向队列的长度 */
int size = deque.size();
cout << "双向队列长度 size = " << size << endl;
/* 判断双向队列是否为空 */
bool empty = deque.empty();
cout << "双向队列是否为空 = " << empty << endl;
return 0;
}

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@ -6,3 +6,97 @@
#include "../include/include.hpp"
/* 基于链表实现的队列 */
class LinkedListQueue {
private:
ListNode *front, *back;
int qSize;
public:
LinkedListQueue() {
front = nullptr;
back = nullptr;
qSize = 0;
}
/* 获取队列的长度 */
int size() {
return qSize;
}
/* 判断队列是否为空 */
bool empty() {
return qSize == 0;
}
/* 入队 */
void offer(int num) {
// 尾结点后添加 num
ListNode* node = new ListNode(num);
node->next = back;
back = node;
qSize++;
}
/* 出队 */
int poll() {
if (qSize == 0)
throw out_of_range("队列为空");
// 删除头结点
ListNode* node = front;
front = front->next;
return node->val;
}
/* 访问队首元素 */
int peek() {
return front->val;
}
/* 将 List 转化为 Array 并返回 */
vector<int> toVector() {
ListNode* node = front;
vector<int> vec;
while (node != nullptr) {
vec.push_back(node->val);
node = node->next;
}
reverse(vec.begin(), vec.end());
return vec;
}
};
/* Driver Code */
int main() {
/* 初始化队列 */
LinkedListQueue* queue = new LinkedListQueue();
/* 元素入队 */
queue->offer(1);
queue->offer(3);
queue->offer(2);
queue->offer(5);
queue->offer(4);
cout << "队列 queue = ";
PrintUtil::printVector(queue->toVector());
/* 访问队首元素 */
int peek = queue->peek();
cout << "队首元素 peek = " << peek << endl;
/* 元素出队 */
int poll = queue->poll();
cout << "出队元素 poll = " << poll << ",出队后 queue = ";
PrintUtil::printVector(queue->toVector());
/* 获取队列的长度 */
int size = queue->size();
cout << "队列长度 size = " << size << endl;
/* 判断队列是否为空 */
bool empty = queue->empty();
cout << "队列是否为空 = " << empty << endl;
return 0;
}

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@ -9,38 +9,59 @@
/* 基于链表实现的栈 */
class LinkedListStack {
private:
list<int> list;
ListNode* stackTop; // 将头结点作为栈顶
int stackSize; // 栈的长度
public:
LinkedListStack() {
stackTop = nullptr;
stackSize = 0;
}
/* 获取栈的长度 */
int size() {
return list.size();
return stackSize;
}
/* 判断栈是否为空 */
bool empty() {
return list.empty();
return size() == 0;
}
/* 入栈 */
void push(int num) {
list.push_back(num);
ListNode* node = new ListNode(num);
node->next = stackTop;
stackTop = node;
stackSize++;
}
/* 出栈 */
int pop() {
int oldTop = list.back();
list.pop_back();
return oldTop;
if (size() == 0)
throw out_of_range("栈为空");
int num = stackTop->val;
stackTop = stackTop->next;
stackSize--;
return num;
}
/* 访问栈顶元素 */
int top() {
return list.back();
if (size() == 0)
throw out_of_range("栈为空");
return stackTop->val;
}
/* 将 List 转化为 Array 并返回 */
vector<int> toVector() {
vector<int> vec;
for (int num : list) {
vec.push_back(num);
ListNode* node = stackTop;
vector<int> res(size());
for (int i = res.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
res[i] = node->val;
node = node->next;
}
return vec;
return res;
}
};
@ -57,8 +78,7 @@ int main() {
stack->push(5);
stack->push(4);
cout << "栈 stack = ";
vector<int> vec = stack->toVector();
PrintUtil::printVector(vec);
PrintUtil::printVector(stack->toVector());
/* 访问栈顶元素 */
int top = stack->top();
@ -67,8 +87,7 @@ int main() {
/* 元素出栈 */
int pop = stack->pop();
cout << "出栈元素 pop = " << pop << ",出栈后 stack = ";
vec = stack->toVector();
PrintUtil::printVector(vec);
PrintUtil::printVector(stack->toVector());
/* 获取栈的长度 */
int size = stack->size();
@ -77,4 +96,6 @@ int main() {
/* 判断是否为空 */
bool empty = stack->empty();
cout << "栈是否为空 = " << empty << endl;
return 0;
}

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@ -35,7 +35,8 @@ int main(){
cout << "队列长度 size = " << size << endl;
/* 判断队列是否为空 */
bool isEmpty = queue.empty();
bool empty = queue.empty();
cout << "队列是否为空 = " << empty << endl;
return 0;
}

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@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ int main() {
/* 判断是否为空 */
bool empty = stack.empty();
cout << "栈是否为空 = " << empty << endl;
return 0;
}

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@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ class PrintUtil {
* @param list
*/
template <typename T>
static void printVector(vector<T> &list) {
static void printVector(vector<T> list) {
cout << getVectorString(list) << '\n';
}
@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ class PrintUtil {
* @param stk
*/
template <typename T>
static void printStack(stack<T> &stk) {
static void printStack(stack<T> stk) {
// Reverse the input stack
stack<T> tmp;
while(!stk.empty()) {
@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ class PrintUtil {
* @param queue
*/
template <typename T>
static void printQueue(queue<T> &queue)
static void printQueue(queue<T> queue)
{
// Generate the string to print
ostringstream s;
@ -261,4 +261,20 @@ class PrintUtil {
}
cout << "[" + s.str() + "]" << '\n';
}
template <typename T>
static void printDeque(deque<T> deque) {
// Generate the string to print
ostringstream s;
bool flag = true;
while(!deque.empty()) {
if (flag) {
s << deque.front();
flag = false;
}
else s << ", " << deque.front();
deque.pop_front();
}
cout << "[" + s.str() + "]" << '\n';
}
};

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@ -10,10 +10,9 @@ import java.util.*;
/* 基于环形数组实现的队列 */
class ArrayQueue {
int[] nums; // 用于存储队列元素的数组
int size = 0; // 队列长度即元素个数
int front = 0; // 头指针指向队首
int rear = 0; // 尾指针指向队尾 + 1
private int[] nums; // 用于存储队列元素的数组
private int front = 0; // 头指针指向队首
private int rear = 0; // 尾指针指向队尾 + 1
public ArrayQueue(int capacity) {
// 初始化数组
@ -108,12 +107,13 @@ public class array_queue {
/* 判断队列是否为空 */
boolean isEmpty = queue.isEmpty();
System.out.println("队列是否为空 = " + isEmpty);
/* 测试环形数组 */
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
queue.offer(i);
queue.poll();
System.out.println("" + i + " 轮入队+出队后 queue = " + Arrays.toString(queue.toArray()));
System.out.println("" + i + " 轮入队 + 出队后 queue = " + Arrays.toString(queue.toArray()));
}
}
}

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@ -10,15 +10,15 @@ import java.util.*;
/* 基于数组实现的栈 */
class ArrayStack {
ArrayList<Integer> list;
private ArrayList<Integer> stack;
public ArrayStack() {
// 初始化列表动态数组
list = new ArrayList<>();
stack = new ArrayList<>();
}
/* 获取栈的长度 */
public int size() {
return list.size();
return stack.size();
}
/* 判断栈是否为空 */
@ -28,27 +28,27 @@ class ArrayStack {
/* 入栈 */
public void push(int num) {
list.add(num);
stack.add(num);
}
/* 出栈 */
public int pop() {
return list.remove(size() - 1);
return stack.remove(size() - 1);
}
/* 访问栈顶元素 */
public int peek() {
return list.get(size() - 1);
return stack.get(size() - 1);
}
/* 访问索引 index 处元素 */
public int get(int index) {
return list.get(index);
return stack.get(index);
}
/* 将 List 转化为 Array 并返回 */
public Object[] toArray() {
return list.toArray();
return stack.toArray();
}
}
@ -79,5 +79,6 @@ public class array_stack {
/* 判断是否为空 */
boolean isEmpty = stack.isEmpty();
System.out.println("栈是否为空 = " + isEmpty);
}
}

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@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import java.util.*;
public class deque {
public static void main(String[] args) {
/* 初始化队列 */
/* 初始化双向队列 */
Deque<Integer> deque = new LinkedList<>();
/* 元素入队 */
@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ public class deque {
deque.offerLast(4);
deque.offerFirst(3);
deque.offerFirst(1);
System.out.println("队列 deque = " + deque);
System.out.println("双向队列 deque = " + deque);
/* 访问队首元素 */
int peekFirst = deque.peekFirst();
@ -33,11 +33,12 @@ public class deque {
int pollLast = deque.pollLast();
System.out.println("队尾出队元素 pollLast = " + pollLast + ",队尾出队后 deque = " + deque);
/* 获取队列的长度 */
/* 获取双向队列的长度 */
int size = deque.size();
System.out.println("队列长度 size = " + size);
System.out.println("双向队列长度 size = " + size);
/* 判断队列是否为空 */
/* 判断双向队列是否为空 */
boolean isEmpty = deque.isEmpty();
System.out.println("双向队列是否为空 = " + isEmpty);
}
}

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@ -77,5 +77,6 @@ public class linkedlist_queue {
/* 判断队列是否为空 */
boolean isEmpty = queue.isEmpty();
System.out.println("队列是否为空 = " + isEmpty);
}
}

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@ -7,18 +7,20 @@
package chapter_stack_and_queue;
import java.util.*;
import include.*;
/* 基于链表实现的栈 */
class LinkedListStack {
LinkedList<Integer> list;
private ListNode stackPeek; // 将头结点作为栈顶
private int stackSize = 0; // 栈的长度
public LinkedListStack() {
// 初始化链表
list = new LinkedList<>();
stackPeek = null;
}
/* 获取栈的长度 */
public int size() {
return list.size();
return stackSize;
}
/* 判断栈是否为空 */
@ -28,22 +30,38 @@ class LinkedListStack {
/* 入栈 */
public void push(int num) {
list.addLast(num);
ListNode node = new ListNode(num);
node.next = stackPeek;
stackPeek = node;
stackSize++;
}
/* 出栈 */
public int pop() {
return list.removeLast();
if (size() == 0)
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
int num = peek();
stackPeek = stackPeek.next;
stackSize--;
return num;
}
/* 访问栈顶元素 */
public int peek() {
return list.getLast();
if (size() == 0)
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
return stackPeek.val;
}
/* 将 List 转化为 Array 并返回 */
public Object[] toArray() {
return list.toArray();
public int[] toArray() {
ListNode node = stackPeek;
int[] res = new int[size()];
for (int i = res.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
res[i] = node.val;
node = node.next;
}
return res;
}
}
@ -74,5 +92,6 @@ public class linkedlist_stack {
/* 判断是否为空 */
boolean isEmpty = stack.isEmpty();
System.out.println("栈是否为空 = " + isEmpty);
}
}

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@ -35,5 +35,6 @@ public class queue {
/* 判断队列是否为空 */
boolean isEmpty = queue.isEmpty();
System.out.println("队列是否为空 = " + isEmpty);
}
}

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@ -11,22 +11,23 @@ import java.util.*;
public class stack {
public static void main(String[] args) {
/* 初始化栈 */
Stack<Integer> stack = new Stack<>();
// Java 推荐将 LinkedList 当作栈来使用
LinkedList<Integer> stack = new LinkedList<>();
/* 元素入栈 */
stack.push(1);
stack.push(3);
stack.push(2);
stack.push(5);
stack.push(4);
stack.addLast(1);
stack.addLast(3);
stack.addLast(2);
stack.addLast(5);
stack.addLast(4);
System.out.println("栈 stack = " + stack);
/* 访问栈顶元素 */
int peek = stack.peek();
int peek = stack.peekLast();
System.out.println("栈顶元素 peek = " + peek);
/* 元素出栈 */
int pop = stack.pop();
int pop = stack.removeLast();
System.out.println("出栈元素 pop = " + pop + ",出栈后 stack = " + stack);
/* 获取栈的长度 */
@ -35,5 +36,6 @@ public class stack {
/* 判断是否为空 */
boolean isEmpty = stack.isEmpty();
System.out.println("栈是否为空 = " + isEmpty);
}
}

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@ -12,64 +12,64 @@ from include import *
class MyList:
""" 构造函数 """
def __init__(self):
self._capacity = 10 # 列表容量
self._nums = [0] * self._capacity # 数组(存储列表元素)
self._size = 0 # 列表长度(即当前元素数量)
self._extend_ratio = 2 # 每次列表扩容的倍数
self.__capacity = 10 # 列表容量
self.__nums = [0] * self.__capacity # 数组(存储列表元素)
self.__size = 0 # 列表长度(即当前元素数量)
self.__extend_ratio = 2 # 每次列表扩容的倍数
""" 获取列表长度(即当前元素数量) """
def size(self):
return self._size
return self.__size
""" 获取列表容量 """
def capacity(self):
return self._capacity
return self.__capacity
""" 访问元素 """
def get(self, index):
# 索引如果越界则抛出异常,下同
assert index < self._size, "索引越界"
return self._nums[index]
assert index < self.__size, "索引越界"
return self.__nums[index]
""" 更新元素 """
def set(self, num, index):
assert index < self._size, "索引越界"
self._nums[index] = num
assert index < self.__size, "索引越界"
self.__nums[index] = num
""" 中间插入元素 """
def add(self, num, index=-1):
assert index < self._size, "索引越界"
assert index < self.__size, "索引越界"
if index == -1:
index = self._size
index = self.__size
# 元素数量超出容量时,触发扩容机制
if self._size == self.capacity():
if self.__size == self.capacity():
self.extend_capacity()
# 索引 i 以及之后的元素都向后移动一位
for j in range(self._size - 1, index - 1, -1):
self._nums[j + 1] = self._nums[j]
self._nums[index] = num
for j in range(self.__size - 1, index - 1, -1):
self.__nums[j + 1] = self.__nums[j]
self.__nums[index] = num
# 更新元素数量
self._size += 1
self.__size += 1
""" 删除元素 """
def remove(self, index):
assert index < self._size, "索引越界"
assert index < self.__size, "索引越界"
# 索引 i 之后的元素都向前移动一位
for j in range(index, self._size - 1):
self._nums[j] = self._nums[j + 1]
for j in range(index, self.__size - 1):
self.__nums[j] = self.__nums[j + 1]
# 更新元素数量
self._size -= 1
self.__size -= 1
""" 列表扩容 """
def extend_capacity(self):
# 新建一个长度为 self._size 的数组,并将原数组拷贝到新数组
self._nums = self._nums + [0] * self.capacity() * (self._extend_ratio - 1)
# 新建一个长度为 self.__size 的数组,并将原数组拷贝到新数组
self.__nums = self.__nums + [0] * self.capacity() * (self.__extend_ratio - 1)
# 更新列表容量
self._capacity = len(self._nums)
self.__capacity = len(self.__nums)
""" 返回有效长度的列表 """
def to_array(self):
return self._nums[:self._size]
return self.__nums[:self.__size]
""" Driver Code """

View File

@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class ArrayStack:
return self.__stack[index]
""" 返回列表用于打印 """
def toList(self):
def to_list(self):
return self.__stack
@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
stack.push(2)
stack.push(5)
stack.push(4)
print("栈 stack =", stack.toList())
print("栈 stack =", stack.to_list())
""" 访问栈顶元素 """
peek = stack.peek()
@ -62,11 +62,12 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
""" 元素出栈 """
pop = stack.pop()
print("出栈元素 pop =", pop)
print("出栈后 stack =", stack.toList())
print("出栈后 stack =", stack.to_list())
""" 获取栈的长度 """
size = stack.size()
print("栈的长度 size =", size)
""" 判断是否为空 """
isEmpty = stack.is_empty()
is_empty = stack.is_empty()
print("栈是否为空 =", is_empty)

View File

@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ from include import *
""" 基于链表实现的栈 """
class LinkedListStack:
def __init__(self):
self.__head = None
self.__peek = None
self.__size = 0
""" 获取栈的长度 """
@ -20,34 +20,34 @@ class LinkedListStack:
""" 判断栈是否为空 """
def is_empty(self):
return not self.__head
return not self.__peek
""" 入栈 """
def push(self, val):
node = ListNode(val)
node.next = self.__head
self.__head = node
node.next = self.__peek
self.__peek = node
self.__size += 1
""" 出栈 """
def pop(self):
# 判空处理
if not self.__head: return None
pop = self.__head.val
self.__head = self.__head.next
if not self.__peek: return None
pop = self.__peek.val
self.__peek = self.__peek.next
self.__size -= 1
return pop
""" 访问栈顶元素 """
def peek(self):
# 判空处理
if not self.__head: return None
return self.__head.val
if not self.__peek: return None
return self.__peek.val
""" 转化为列表用于打印 """
def to_list(self):
arr = []
node = self.__head
node = self.__peek
while node:
arr.append(node.val)
node = node.next
@ -82,4 +82,5 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
print("栈的长度 size =", size)
""" 判断是否为空 """
isEmpty = stack.is_empty()
is_empty = stack.is_empty()
print("栈是否为空 =", is_empty)

View File

@ -37,4 +37,5 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
print("栈的长度 size =", size)
""" 判断是否为空 """
isEmpty = len(stack) == 0
is_empty = len(stack) == 0
print("栈是否为空 =", is_empty)

View File

@ -356,14 +356,14 @@ comments: true
int get(int index) {
// 索引如果越界则抛出异常,下同
if (index >= size())
throw std::out_of_range ("索引越界");
throw out_of_range("索引越界");
return nums[index];
}
/* 更新元素 */
void set(int index, int num) {
if (index >= size())
throw std::out_of_range ("索引越界");
throw out_of_range("索引越界");
nums[index] = num;
}
@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ comments: true
/* 中间插入元素 */
void insert(int index, int num) {
if (index >= size())
throw std::out_of_range ("索引越界");
throw out_of_range("索引越界");
// 元素数量超出容量时,触发扩容机制
if (size() == capacity())
extendCapacity();
@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ comments: true
/* 删除元素 */
void remove(int index) {
if (index >= size())
throw std::out_of_range ("索引越界");
throw out_of_range("索引越界");
// 索引 i 之后的元素都向前移动一位
for (int j = index; j < size() - 1; j++) {
nums[j] = nums[j + 1];
@ -439,58 +439,58 @@ comments: true
class MyList:
""" 构造函数 """
def __init__(self):
self._capacity = 10 # 列表容量
self._nums = [0] * self._capacity # 数组(存储列表元素)
self._size = 0 # 列表长度(即当前元素数量)
self._extend_ratio = 2 # 每次列表扩容的倍数
self.__capacity = 10 # 列表容量
self.__nums = [0] * self.__capacity # 数组(存储列表元素)
self.__size = 0 # 列表长度(即当前元素数量)
self.__extend_ratio = 2 # 每次列表扩容的倍数
""" 获取列表长度(即当前元素数量) """
def size(self):
return self._size
return self.__size
""" 获取列表容量 """
def capacity(self):
return self._capacity
return self.__capacity
""" 访问元素 """
def get(self, index):
# 索引如果越界则抛出异常,下同
assert index < self._size, "索引越界"
return self._nums[index]
assert index < self.__size, "索引越界"
return self.__nums[index]
""" 更新元素 """
def set(self, num, index):
assert index < self._size, "索引越界"
self._nums[index] = num
assert index < self.__size, "索引越界"
self.__nums[index] = num
""" 中间插入元素 """
def add(self, num, index=-1):
assert index < self._size, "索引越界"
assert index < self.__size, "索引越界"
if index == -1:
index = self._size
index = self.__size
# 元素数量超出容量时,触发扩容机制
if self._size == self.capacity():
if self.__size == self.capacity():
self.extend_capacity()
# 索引 i 以及之后的元素都向后移动一位
for j in range(self._size - 1, index - 1, -1):
self._nums[j + 1] = self._nums[j]
self._nums[index] = num
for j in range(self.__size - 1, index - 1, -1):
self.__nums[j + 1] = self.__nums[j]
self.__nums[index] = num
# 更新元素数量
self._size += 1
self.__size += 1
""" 删除元素 """
def remove(self, index):
assert index < self._size, "索引越界"
assert index < self.__size, "索引越界"
# 索引 i 之后的元素都向前移动一位
for j in range(index, self._size - 1):
self._nums[j] = self._nums[j + 1]
for j in range(index, self.__size - 1):
self.__nums[j] = self.__nums[j + 1]
# 更新元素数量
self._size -= 1
self.__size -= 1
""" 列表扩容 """
def extend_capacity(self):
# 新建一个长度为 self._size 的数组,并将原数组拷贝到新数组
self._nums = self._nums + [0] * self.capacity() * (self._extend_ratio - 1)
# 新建一个长度为 self.__size 的数组,并将原数组拷贝到新数组
self.__nums = self.__nums + [0] * self.capacity() * (self.__extend_ratio - 1)
# 更新列表容量
self._capacity = len(self._nums)
self.__capacity = len(self.__nums)
```

View File

@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ comments: true
deque.offerLast(4);
deque.offerFirst(3);
deque.offerFirst(1);
System.out.println("队列 deque = " + deque);
System.out.println("双向队列 deque = " + deque);
/* 访问队首元素 */
int peekFirst = deque.peekFirst();
@ -55,18 +55,17 @@ comments: true
/* 元素出队 */
int pollFirst = deque.pollFirst();
System.out.println("队首出队元素 pollFirst = " + pollFirst +
",队首出队后 deque = " + deque);
System.out.println("队首出队元素 pollFirst = " + pollFirst + ",队首出队后 deque = " + deque);
int pollLast = deque.pollLast();
System.out.println("队尾出队元素 pollLast = " + pollLast +
",队尾出队后 deque = " + deque);
System.out.println("队尾出队元素 pollLast = " + pollLast + ",队尾出队后 deque = " + deque);
/* 获取队列的长度 */
/* 获取双向队列的长度 */
int size = deque.size();
System.out.println("队列长度 size = " + size);
System.out.println("双向队列长度 size = " + size);
/* 判断队列是否为空 */
/* 判断双向队列是否为空 */
boolean isEmpty = deque.isEmpty();
System.out.println("双向队列是否为空 = " + isEmpty);
```
=== "C++"

View File

@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ comments: true
/* 判断队列是否为空 */
boolean isEmpty = queue.isEmpty();
System.out.println("队列是否为空 = " + isEmpty);
```
=== "C++"
@ -145,10 +146,9 @@ comments: true
```java title="array_queue.java"
/* 基于环形数组实现的队列 */
class ArrayQueue {
int[] nums; // 用于存储队列元素的数组
int size = 0; // 队列长度(即元素个数)
int front = 0; // 头指针,指向队首
int rear = 0; // 尾指针,指向队尾 + 1
private int[] nums; // 用于存储队列元素的数组
private int front = 0; // 头指针,指向队首
private int rear = 0; // 尾指针,指向队尾 + 1
public ArrayQueue(int capacity) {
// 初始化数组

View File

@ -36,22 +36,23 @@ comments: true
```java title="stack.java"
/* 初始化栈 */
Stack<Integer> stack = new Stack<>();
// 在 Java 中,推荐将 LinkedList 当作栈来使用
LinkedList<Integer> stack = new LinkedList<>();
/* 元素入栈 */
stack.push(1);
stack.push(3);
stack.push(2);
stack.push(5);
stack.push(4);
stack.addLast(1);
stack.addLast(3);
stack.addLast(2);
stack.addLast(5);
stack.addLast(4);
System.out.println("栈 stack = " + stack);
/* 访问栈顶元素 */
int peek = stack.peek();
int peek = stack.peekLast();
System.out.println("栈顶元素 peek = " + peek);
/* 元素出栈 */
int pop = stack.pop();
int pop = stack.removeLast();
System.out.println("出栈元素 pop = " + pop + ",出栈后 stack = " + stack);
/* 获取栈的长度 */
@ -60,18 +61,73 @@ comments: true
/* 判断是否为空 */
boolean isEmpty = stack.isEmpty();
System.out.println("栈是否为空 = " + isEmpty);
```
=== "C++"
```cpp title="stack.cpp"
/* 初始化栈 */
stack<int> stack;
/* 元素入栈 */
stack.push(1);
stack.push(3);
stack.push(2);
stack.push(5);
stack.push(4);
cout << "栈 stack = ";
PrintUtil::printStack(stack);
/* 访问栈顶元素 */
int top = stack.top();
cout << "栈顶元素 top = " << top << endl;
/* 元素出栈 */
stack.pop();
cout << "出栈元素 pop = " << top << "出栈后 stack = ";
PrintUtil::printStack(stack);
/* 获取栈的长度 */
int size = stack.size();
cout << "栈的长度 size = " << size << endl;
/* 判断是否为空 */
bool empty = stack.empty();
cout << "栈是否为空 = " << empty << endl;
```
=== "Python"
```python title="stack.py"
""" 初始化栈 """
# Python 没有内置的栈类,可以把 list 当作栈来使用
stack = []
""" 元素入栈 """
stack.append(1)
stack.append(3)
stack.append(2)
stack.append(5)
stack.append(4)
print("栈 stack =", stack)
""" 访问栈顶元素 """
peek = stack[-1]
print("栈顶元素 peek =", peek)
""" 元素出栈 """
pop = stack.pop()
print("出栈元素 pop =", pop)
print("出栈后 stack =", stack)
""" 获取栈的长度 """
size = len(stack)
print("栈的长度 size =", size)
""" 判断是否为空 """
is_empty = len(stack) == 0
print("栈是否为空 =", is_empty)
```
## 栈的实现
@ -91,14 +147,15 @@ comments: true
```java title="linkedlist_stack.java"
/* 基于链表实现的栈 */
class LinkedListStack {
LinkedList<Integer> list;
private ListNode stackPeek; // 将头结点作为栈顶
private int stackSize = 0; // 栈的长度
public LinkedListStack() {
// 初始化链表
list = new LinkedList<>();
stackPeek = null;
}
/* 获取栈的长度 */
public int size() {
return list.size();
return stackSize;
}
/* 判断栈是否为空 */
public boolean isEmpty() {
@ -106,15 +163,25 @@ comments: true
}
/* 入栈 */
public void push(int num) {
list.addLast(num);
ListNode node = new ListNode(num);
node.next = stackPeek;
stackPeek = node;
stackSize++;
}
/* 出栈 */
public int pop() {
return list.removeLast();
if (size() == 0)
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
int num = peek();
stackPeek = stackPeek.next;
stackSize--;
return num;
}
/* 访问栈顶元素 */
public int peek() {
return list.getLast();
if (size() == 0)
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
return stackPeek.val;
}
}
```
@ -122,13 +189,88 @@ comments: true
=== "C++"
```cpp title="linkedlist_stack.cpp"
/* 基于链表实现的栈 */
class LinkedListStack {
private:
ListNode* stackTop; // 将头结点作为栈顶
int stackSize; // 栈的长度
public:
LinkedListStack() {
stackTop = nullptr;
stackSize = 0;
}
/* 获取栈的长度 */
int size() {
return stackSize;
}
/* 判断栈是否为空 */
bool empty() {
return size() == 0;
}
/* 入栈 */
void push(int num) {
ListNode* node = new ListNode(num);
node->next = stackTop;
stackTop = node;
stackSize++;
}
/* 出栈 */
int pop() {
if (size() == 0)
throw out_of_range("栈为空");
int num = stackTop->val;
stackTop = stackTop->next;
stackSize--;
return num;
}
/* 访问栈顶元素 */
int top() {
if (size() == 0)
throw out_of_range("栈为空");
return stackTop->val;
}
};
```
=== "Python"
```python title="linkedlist_stack.py"
""" 基于链表实现的栈 """
class LinkedListStack:
def __init__(self):
self.__peek = None
self.__size = 0
""" 获取栈的长度 """
def size(self):
return self.__size
""" 判断栈是否为空 """
def is_empty(self):
return not self.__peek
""" 入栈 """
def push(self, val):
node = ListNode(val)
node.next = self.__peek
self.__peek = node
self.__size += 1
""" 出栈 """
def pop(self):
# 判空处理
if not self.__peek: return None
pop = self.__peek.val
self.__peek = self.__peek.next
self.__size -= 1
return pop
""" 访问栈顶元素 """
def peek(self):
# 判空处理
if not self.__peek: return None
return self.__peek.val
```
### 基于数组的实现
@ -142,14 +284,14 @@ comments: true
```java title="array_stack.java"
/* 基于数组实现的栈 */
class ArrayStack {
List<Integer> list;
private ArrayList<Integer> stack;
public ArrayStack() {
// 初始化列表(动态数组)
list = new ArrayList<>();
stack = new ArrayList<>();
}
/* 获取栈的长度 */
public int size() {
return list.size();
return stack.size();
}
/* 判断栈是否为空 */
public boolean isEmpty() {
@ -157,19 +299,19 @@ comments: true
}
/* 入栈 */
public void push(int num) {
list.add(num);
stack.add(num);
}
/* 出栈 */
public int pop() {
return list.remove(size() - 1);
return stack.remove(size() - 1);
}
/* 访问栈顶元素 */
public int peek() {
return list.get(size() - 1);
return stack.get(size() - 1);
}
/* 访问索引 index 处元素 */
public int get(int index) {
return list.get(index);
return stack.get(index);
}
}
```
@ -177,13 +319,72 @@ comments: true
=== "C++"
```cpp title="array_stack.cpp"
/* 基于数组实现的栈 */
class ArrayStack {
private:
vector<int> stack;
public:
/* 获取栈的长度 */
int size() {
return stack.size();
}
/* 判断栈是否为空 */
bool empty() {
return stack.empty();
}
/* 入栈 */
void push(int num) {
stack.push_back(num);
}
/* 出栈 */
int pop() {
int oldTop = stack.back();
stack.pop_back();
return oldTop;
}
/* 访问栈顶元素 */
int top() {
return stack.back();
}
/* 访问索引 index 处元素 */
int get(int index) {
return stack[index];
}
};
```
=== "Python"
```python title="array_stack.py"
""" 基于数组实现的栈 """
class ArrayStack:
def __init__(self):
self.__stack = []
""" 获取栈的长度 """
def size(self):
return len(self.__stack)
""" 判断栈是否为空 """
def is_empty(self):
return self.__stack == []
""" 入栈 """
def push(self, item):
self.__stack.append(item)
""" 出栈 """
def pop(self):
return self.__stack.pop()
""" 访问栈顶元素 """
def peek(self):
return self.__stack[-1]
""" 访问索引 index 处元素 """
def get(self, index):
return self.__stack[index]
```
!!! tip
@ -193,5 +394,4 @@ comments: true
## 栈典型应用
- **浏览器中的后退与前进、软件中的撤销与反撤销。** 每当我们打开新的网页,浏览器就讲上一个网页执行入栈,这样我们就可以通过「后退」操作来回到上一页面,后退操作实际上是在执行出栈。如果要同时支持后退和前进,那么则需要两个栈来配合实现。
- **程序内存管理。** 每当调用函数时,系统就会在栈顶添加一个栈帧,用来记录函数的上下文信息。在递归函数中,向下递推会不断执行入栈,向上回溯阶段时出栈。