Merge branch 'krahets:master' into master

2022-12-04 08:28:35 +08:00
parent 8eacb39c76 8e34be0641
commit bcc6aad18c
48 changed files with 1068 additions and 501 deletions
--- a/docs/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.md
+++ b/docs/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.md
@@ -88,7 +88,25 @@ comments: true
 === "Go"

    ```go title="binary_search_tree.go"
-
+    /* 查找结点 */
+    func (bst *BinarySearchTree) Search(num int) *TreeNode {
+        node := bst.root
+        // 循环查找，越过叶结点后跳出
+        for node != nil {
+            if node.Val < num {
+                // 目标结点在 root 的右子树中
+                node = node.Right
+            } else if node.Val > num {
+                // 目标结点在 root 的左子树中
+                node = node.Left
+            } else {
+                // 找到目标结点，跳出循环
+                break
+            }
+        }
+        // 返回目标结点
+        return node
+    }
    ```

 === "JavaScript"
@@ -187,7 +205,36 @@ comments: true
 === "Go"

    ```go title="binary_search_tree.go"
-
+    /* 插入结点 */
+    func (bst *BinarySearchTree) Insert(num int) *TreeNode {
+        cur := bst.root
+        // 若树为空，直接提前返回
+        if cur == nil {
+            return nil
+        }
+        // 待插入结点之前的结点位置
+        var prev *TreeNode = nil
+        // 循环查找，越过叶结点后跳出
+        for cur != nil {
+            if cur.Val == num {
+                return nil
+            }
+            prev = cur
+            if cur.Val < num {
+                cur = cur.Right
+            } else {
+                cur = cur.Left
+            }
+        }
+        // 插入结点
+        node := NewTreeNode(num)
+        if prev.Val < num {
+            prev.Right = node
+        } else {
+            prev.Left = node
+        }
+        return cur
+    }
    ```

 === "JavaScript"
@@ -365,7 +412,60 @@ comments: true
 === "Go"

    ```go title="binary_search_tree.go"
-
+    /* 删除结点 */
+    func (bst *BinarySearchTree) Remove(num int) *TreeNode {
+        cur := bst.root
+        // 若树为空，直接提前返回
+        if cur == nil {
+            return nil
+        }
+        // 待删除结点之前的结点位置
+        var prev *TreeNode = nil
+        // 循环查找，越过叶结点后跳出
+        for cur != nil {
+            if cur.Val == num {
+                break
+            }
+            prev = cur
+            if cur.Val < num {
+                // 待删除结点在右子树中
+                cur = cur.Right
+            } else {
+                // 待删除结点在左子树中
+                cur = cur.Left
+            }
+        }
+        // 若无待删除结点，则直接返回
+        if cur == nil {
+            return nil
+        }
+        // 子结点数为 0 或 1
+        if cur.Left == nil || cur.Right == nil {
+            var child *TreeNode = nil
+            // 取出待删除结点的子结点
+            if cur.Left != nil {
+                child = cur.Left
+            } else {
+                child = cur.Right
+            }
+            // 将子结点替换为待删除结点
+            if prev.Left == cur {
+                prev.Left = child
+            } else {
+                prev.Right = child
+            }
+            // 子结点数为 2
+        } else {
+            // 获取中序遍历中待删除结点 cur 的下一个结点
+            next := bst.GetInorderNext(cur)
+            temp := next.Val
+            // 递归删除结点 next
+            bst.Remove(next.Val)
+            // 将 next 的值复制给 cur
+            cur.Val = temp
+        }
+        return cur
+    }
    ```

 === "JavaScript"
--- a/docs/chapter_tree/binary_tree.md
+++ b/docs/chapter_tree/binary_tree.md
@@ -44,7 +44,20 @@ comments: true
 === "Go"

    ```go title=""
-
+    """ 链表结点类 """
+    type TreeNode struct {
+        Val   int
+        Left  *TreeNode
+        Right *TreeNode
+    }
+    """ 结点初始化方法 """
+    func NewTreeNode(v int) *TreeNode {
+        return &TreeNode{
+            Left:  nil,
+            Right: nil,
+            Val:   v,
+        }
+    }
    ```

 === "JavaScript"
@@ -163,7 +176,18 @@ comments: true
 === "Go"

    ```go title="binary_tree.go"
-
+    /* 初始化二叉树 */
+    // 初始化结点
+    n1 := NewTreeNode(1)
+    n2 := NewTreeNode(2)
+    n3 := NewTreeNode(3)
+    n4 := NewTreeNode(4)
+    n5 := NewTreeNode(5)
+    // 构建引用指向（即指针）
+    n1.Left = n2
+    n1.Right = n3
+    n2.Left = n4
+    n2.Right = n5
    ```

 === "JavaScript"
@@ -228,7 +252,14 @@ comments: true
 === "Go"

    ```go title="binary_tree.go"
+    /* 插入与删除结点 */
+    // 在 n1 -> n2 中间插入结点 P
+    p := NewTreeNode(0)
+    n1.Left = p
+    p.Left = n2

+    // 删除结点 P
+    n1.Left = n2
    ```

 === "JavaScript"
@@ -328,7 +359,29 @@ comments: true
 === "Go"

    ```go title="binary_tree_bfs.go"
-
+    /* 层序遍历 */
+    func levelOrder(root *TreeNode) []int {
+        // 初始化队列，加入根结点
+        queue := list.New()
+        queue.PushBack(root)
+        // 初始化一个切片，用于保存遍历序列
+        nums := make([]int, 0)
+        for queue.Len() > 0 {
+            // poll
+            node := queue.Remove(queue.Front()).(*TreeNode)
+            // 保存结点
+            nums = append(nums, node.Val)
+            if node.Left != nil {
+                // 左子结点入队
+                queue.PushBack(node.Left)
+            }
+            if node.Right != nil {
+                // 右子结点入队
+                queue.PushBack(node.Right)
+            }
+        }
+        return nums
+    }
    ```

 === "JavaScript"
@@ -446,7 +499,38 @@ comments: true
 === "Go"

    ```go title="binary_tree_dfs.go"
+    /* 前序遍历 */
+    func preOrder(node *TreeNode) {
+        if node == nil {
+            return
+        }
+        // 访问优先级：根结点 -> 左子树 -> 右子树
+        nums = append(nums, node.Val)
+        preOrder(node.Left)
+        preOrder(node.Right)
+    }

+    /* 中序遍历 */
+    func inOrder(node *TreeNode) {
+        if node == nil {
+            return
+        }
+        // 访问优先级：左子树 -> 根结点 -> 右子树
+        inOrder(node.Left)
+        nums = append(nums, node.Val)
+        inOrder(node.Right)
+    }
+
+    /* 后序遍历 */
+    func postOrder(node *TreeNode) {
+        if node == nil {
+            return
+        }
+        // 访问优先级：左子树 -> 右子树 -> 根结点
+        postOrder(node.Left)
+        postOrder(node.Right)
+        nums = append(nums, node.Val)
+    }
    ```

 === "JavaScript"