1518 lines
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_preface/installation/" class="md-nav__link">
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编程环境安装
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_preface/contribution/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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一起参与创作
|
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|
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</ul>
|
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</nav>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_2" type="checkbox" id="__nav_2" checked>
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="引言" data-md-level="1">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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引言
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active">
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<a href="./" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_3">
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="计算复杂度" data-md-level="1">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<a href="../../chapter_computational_complexity/space_time_tradeoff/" class="md-nav__link">
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权衡时间与空间
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小结
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数组（Array）
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链表（LinkedList）
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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列表（List）
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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小结
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_6">
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栈与队列
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="栈与队列" data-md-level="1">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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栈与队列
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/" class="md-nav__link">
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栈（Stack）
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_stack_and_queue/queue/" class="md-nav__link">
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队列（Queue）
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</a>
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</li>
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_stack_and_queue/deque/" class="md-nav__link">
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双向队列（Deque）
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_stack_and_queue/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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小结
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</ul>
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</nav>
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_7">
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散列表
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="散列表" data-md-level="1">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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散列表
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class="md-nav__link">
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哈希表（HashMap）
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_collision/" class="md-nav__link">
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哈希冲突处理
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_hashing/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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小结
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</ul>
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</nav>
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_8">
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二叉树
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="二叉树" data-md-level="1">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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二叉树
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</label>
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二叉树（Binary Tree）
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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二叉树常见类型
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
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二叉搜索树
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/avl_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
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AVL 树 *
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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小结
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</ul>
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</nav>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_9">
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查找算法
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="查找算法" data-md-level="1">
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查找算法
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</label>
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线性查找
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<h1 id="_1">算法无处不在<a class="headerlink" href="#_1" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h1>
|
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<p>听到 “算法” 这个词，我们一般会联想到数学。但实际上，大多数算法并不包含复杂的数学，而更像是在考察基本逻辑，而这些逻辑在我们日常生活中处处可见。</p>
|
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<p>在正式介绍算法之前，我想告诉你一件有趣的事：<strong>其实，你在过去已经学会了很多算法，并且已经习惯将它们应用到日常生活中。</strong> 接下来，我将介绍两个具体例子来佐证。</p>
|
||
<p><strong>例一：拼积木。</strong> 一套积木，除了有许多部件之外，还会附送详细的拼装说明书。我们按照说明书上一步步操作，即可拼出复杂的积木模型。</p>
|
||
<p>如果从数据结构与算法的角度看，大大小小的「积木」就是数据结构，而「拼装说明书」上的一系列步骤就是算法。</p>
|
||
<p><strong>例二：查字典。</strong> 在字典中，每个汉字都有一个对应的拼音，而字典是按照拼音的英文字母表顺序排列的。假设需要在字典中查询任意一个拼音首字母为 <span class="arithmatex">\(r\)</span> 的字，一般我们会这样做：</p>
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li>打开字典大致一半页数的位置，查看此页的首字母是什么（假设为 <span class="arithmatex">\(m\)</span> ）；</li>
|
||
<li>由于在英文字母表中 <span class="arithmatex">\(r\)</span> 在 <span class="arithmatex">\(m\)</span> 的后面，因此应排除字典前半部分，查找范围仅剩后半部分；</li>
|
||
<li>循环执行步骤 1-2 ，直到找到拼音首字母为 <span class="arithmatex">\(r\)</span> 的页码时终止。</li>
|
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<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="1:5"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_1_1" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_2" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_3" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_4" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_5" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_1_1">Step 1</label><label for="__tabbed_1_2">Step 2</label><label for="__tabbed_1_3">Step 3</label><label for="__tabbed_1_4">Step 4</label><label for="__tabbed_1_5">Step 5</label></div>
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>查字典这个小学生的标配技能，实际上就是大名鼎鼎的「二分查找」。从数据结构角度，我们可以将字典看作是一个已排序的「数组」；而从算法角度，我们可将上述查字典的一系列指令看作是「二分查找」算法。</p>
|
||
<p>小到烹饪一道菜、大到星际航行，几乎所有问题的解决都离不开算法。计算机的出现，使我们可以通过编程将数据结构存储在内存中，也可以编写代码来调用 CPU, GPU 执行算法，从而将生活中的问题搬运到计算机中，更加高效地解决各式各样的复杂问题。</p>
|
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<div class="admonition tip">
|
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<p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>
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<p>读到这里，如果你感到对数据结构、算法、数组、二分查找等此类概念一知半解，那么就太好了！因为这正是本书存在的价值，接下来，本书将会一步步地引导你进入数据结构与算法的知识殿堂。</p>
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