1768 lines
54 KiB
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1768 lines
54 KiB
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/binary_tree_types/" class="md-nav__link">
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二叉树常见类型
|
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|
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
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二叉搜索树
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/avl_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
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AVL 树 *
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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小结
|
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_9">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="查找算法" data-md-level="1">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_9">
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查找算法
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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线性查找
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/binary_search/" class="md-nav__link">
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二分查找
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/hashing_search/" class="md-nav__link">
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哈希查找
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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小结
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_10" type="checkbox" id="__nav_10" >
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_10">
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排序算法
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="排序算法" data-md-level="1">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_10">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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排序算法
|
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/intro_to_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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排序简介
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/bubble_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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冒泡排序
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</a>
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</li>
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/insertion_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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插入排序
|
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</a>
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</li>
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/quick_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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快速排序
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/merge_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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归并排序
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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小结
|
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</a>
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|
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|
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|
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</ul>
|
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_11" type="checkbox" id="__nav_11" >
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--index ">
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<a href="../../chapter_reference/">参考文献</a>
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="参考文献" data-md-level="1">
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</div>
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<div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--secondary" data-md-component="sidebar" data-md-type="toc" >
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<div class="md-sidebar__scrollwrap">
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<div class="md-sidebar__inner">
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<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="目录">
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="#_2" class="md-nav__link">
|
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读者对象
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="#_3" class="md-nav__link">
|
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内容结构
|
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</a>
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="内容结构">
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<ul class="md-nav__list">
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="#_4" class="md-nav__link">
|
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复杂度分析
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="#_5" class="md-nav__link">
|
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数据结构
|
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</a>
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</li>
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="#_6" class="md-nav__link">
|
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算法
|
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</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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</ul>
|
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</nav>
|
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</li>
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="#_7" class="md-nav__link">
|
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配套代码
|
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</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="#_8" class="md-nav__link">
|
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风格约定
|
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</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="#_9" class="md-nav__link">
|
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本书特点 *
|
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</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#_10" class="md-nav__link">
|
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致谢
|
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</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="#_11" class="md-nav__link">
|
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作者简介
|
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</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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</ul>
|
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|
||
</nav>
|
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</div>
|
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</div>
|
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</div>
|
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|
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|
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|
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<div class="md-content" data-md-component="content">
|
||
<article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo/tree/master/docs/chapter_preface/about_the_book.md" title="编辑此页" class="md-content__button md-icon">
|
||
|
||
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20.71 7.04c.39-.39.39-1.04 0-1.41l-2.34-2.34c-.37-.39-1.02-.39-1.41 0l-1.84 1.83 3.75 3.75M3 17.25V21h3.75L17.81 9.93l-3.75-3.75L3 17.25Z"/></svg>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<h1 id="_1">关于本书<a class="headerlink" href="#_1" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h1>
|
||
<p>五年前发生的一件事，成为了我职业生涯的重要转折点。当时的我在交大读研，对互联网求职一无所知，但仍然硬着头皮申请了 Microsoft 软件工程师实习。面试官让我在白板上写出 “快速排序” 代码，我畏畏缩缩地写了一个 “冒泡排序” ，并且还写错了<code>(ToT)</code> 。从面试官的表情上，我看到了一个大大的 "GG" 。</p>
|
||
<p>此次失利倒逼我开始刷算法题。我采用 “扫雷游戏” 式的学习方法，两眼一抹黑刷题，扫到不会的 “雷” 就通过查资料把它 “排掉” ，配合周期性总结，逐渐形成了数据结构与算法的知识图景。幸运地，我在秋招斩获了多家大厂的 Offer 。</p>
|
||
<p>回想自己当初在 “扫雷式” 刷题中被炸的满头包的痛苦，思考良久，我意识到一本 “前期刷题必看” 的读物可以使算法小白少走许多弯路。写作意愿滚滚袭来，那就动笔吧：</p>
|
||
<h4 align="center"> Hello，算法！ </h4>
|
||
|
||
<h2 id="_2">读者对象<a class="headerlink" href="#_2" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<div class="admonition success">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">前置条件</p>
|
||
<p>您需要至少具备任一语言的编程基础，能够阅读和编写简单代码。</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>如果您是 <strong>算法初学者</strong>，完全没有接触过算法，或者已经有少量刷题，对数据结构与算法有朦胧的理解，在会与不会之间反复横跳，那么这本书就是为您而写！本书能够带来：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>了解刷题所需的 <strong>数据结构</strong>，包括常用操作、优势和劣势、典型应用、实现方法等。</li>
|
||
<li>学习各类 <strong>算法</strong>，介绍算法的设计思想、运行效率、优势劣势、实现方法等。</li>
|
||
<li>可一键运行的 <strong>配套代码</strong>，包含详细注释，帮助你通过实践加深理解。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>如果您是 <strong>算法熟练工</strong>，已经积累一定刷题量，接触过大多数题型，那么本书内容对你来说可能稍显基础，但仍能够带来以下价值：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>本书篇幅不长，可以帮助你提纲挈领地回顾算法知识。</li>
|
||
<li>书中包含许多对比性、总结性的算法内容，可以帮助你梳理算法知识体系。</li>
|
||
<li>源代码实现了各种经典数据结构和算法，可以作为 “刷题工具库” 来使用。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>如果您是 <strong>算法大佬</strong>，请受我膜拜！希望您可以抽时间提出意见建议，或者<a href="https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_preface/contribution/">一起参与创作</a>，帮助各位同学获取更好的学习内容，感谢！</p>
|
||
<h2 id="_3">内容结构<a class="headerlink" href="#_3" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>本书主要内容分为复杂度分析、数据结构、算法三个部分。</p>
|
||
<p><img alt="mindmap" src="../index.assets/mindmap.png" /></p>
|
||
<p align="center"> Fig. 知识点思维导图 </p>
|
||
|
||
<h3 id="_4">复杂度分析<a class="headerlink" href="#_4" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<p>首先介绍数据结构与算法的评价维度、算法效率的评估方法，引出了计算复杂度概念。</p>
|
||
<p>接下来，从 <strong>函数渐近上界</strong> 入手，分别介绍了 <strong>时间复杂度</strong> 和 <strong>空间复杂度</strong> ，包括推算方法、常见类型、示例等。同时，剖析了 <strong>最差、最佳、平均</strong> 时间复杂度的联系与区别。</p>
|
||
<h3 id="_5">数据结构<a class="headerlink" href="#_5" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<p>首先介绍了常用的 <strong>基本数据类型</strong> 、以及它们是如何在内存中存储的。</p>
|
||
<p>接下来，介绍了两种 <strong>数据结构分类方法</strong> ，包括逻辑结构与物理结构。</p>
|
||
<p>后续展开介绍了 <strong>数组、链表、栈、队列、散列表、树、堆、图</strong> 等数据结构，关心以下内容：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>基本定义：数据结构的设计来源、存在意义；</li>
|
||
<li>主要特点：在各项数据操作中的优势、劣势；</li>
|
||
<li>常用操作：例如访问、更新、插入、删除、遍历、搜索等；</li>
|
||
<li>常见类型：在算法题或工程实际中，经常碰到的数据结构类型；</li>
|
||
<li>典型应用：此数据结构经常搭配哪些算法使用；</li>
|
||
<li>实现方法：对于重要的数据结构，将给出完整的实现示例；</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h3 id="_6">算法<a class="headerlink" href="#_6" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<p>包括 <strong>查找算法、排序算法、搜索与回溯、动态规划、分治算法</strong>，内容包括：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>基本定义：算法的设计思想；</li>
|
||
<li>主要特点：使用前置条件、优势和劣势；</li>
|
||
<li>算法效率：最差和平均时间复杂度、空间复杂度；</li>
|
||
<li>实现方法：完整的算法实现，以及优化措施；</li>
|
||
<li>示例题目：结合例题加深理解；</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h2 id="_7">配套代码<a class="headerlink" href="#_7" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>完整代码托管在 <a href="https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo">GitHub 仓库</a> ，皆可一键运行。</p>
|
||
<div class="admonition tip">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">前置工作</p>
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li><a href="https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_preface/installation/">编程环境安装</a> ，若有请跳过</li>
|
||
<li>代码下载与使用方法请见 <a href="https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_preface/suggestions/#_4">如何使用本书</a></li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<h2 id="_8">风格约定<a class="headerlink" href="#_8" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>文章中的重要名词会用「」符号标注，例如「数组 Array」。名词混淆会导致不必要的歧义，因此最好可以记住这类名词（包括中文和英文），以便后续阅读文献时使用。</li>
|
||
<li>重点内容、总起句、总结句会被 <strong>加粗</strong> ，此类文字值得更多关注。</li>
|
||
<li>专有名词和有特指含义的词句会使用 “ ” 标注，以避免歧义。</li>
|
||
<li>标题后标注 * 符号的是选读章节，如果你的时间有限，可以先跳过这些章节。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h2 id="_9">本书特点 *<a class="headerlink" href="#_9" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<details class="abstract">
|
||
<summary>默认折叠，可以跳过</summary>
|
||
<p><strong>以实践为主。</strong> 我们知道，学习英语期间光啃书本是远远不够的，需要多听、多说、多写，在实践中培养语感、积累经验。编程语言也是一门语言，因此学习方法也应是类似的，需要多看优秀代码、多敲键盘、多思考代码逻辑。</p>
|
||
<p>本书的理论部分占少量篇幅，主要分为两类：一是基础且必要的概念知识，以培养读者对于算法的感性认识；二是重要的分类、对比或总结，这是为了帮助你站在更高视角俯瞰各个知识点，形成连点成面的效果。</p>
|
||
<p>实践部分主要由示例和代码组成。代码配有简要注释，复杂示例会尽可能地使用视觉化的形式呈现。我强烈建议读者对照着代码自己敲一遍，如果时间有限，也至少逐行读、复制并运行一遍，配合着讲解将代码吃透。</p>
|
||
<p><strong>视觉化学习。</strong> 信息时代以来，视觉化的脚步从未停止。媒体形式经历了文字短信、图文 Email 、动图、短（长）视频、交互式 Web 、3D 游戏等演变过程，信息的视觉化程度越来越高、愈加符合人类感官、信息传播效率大大提升。科技界也在向视觉化迈进，iPhone 就是一个典型例子，其相对于传统手机是高度视觉化的，包含精心设计的字体、主题配色、交互动画等。</p>
|
||
<p>近两年，短视频成为最受欢迎的信息媒介，可以在短时间内将高密度的信息 “灌” 给我们，有着极其舒适的观看体验。阅读则不然，读者与书本之间天然存在一种 “疏离感”，我们看书会累、会走神、会停下来想其他事、会划下喜欢的句子、会思考某一片段的含义，这种疏离感给了读者与书本之间对话的可能，拓宽了想象空间。</p>
|
||
<p>本书作为一本入门教材，希望可以保有书本的 “慢节奏” ，但也会避免与读者产生过多 “疏离感” ，而是努力将知识完整清晰地推送到你聪明的小脑袋瓜中。我将采用视觉化的方式（例如配图、动画），尽我可能清晰易懂地讲解复杂概念和抽象示例。</p>
|
||
<p><strong>内容精简化。</strong> 大多数的经典教科书，会把每个主题都讲的很透彻。虽然透彻性正是其获得读者青睐的原因，但对于想要快速入门的初学者来说，这些教材的实用性不足。本书会避免引入非必要的概念、名词、定义等，也避免展开不必要的理论分析，毕竟这不是一本真正意义上的教材，主要任务是尽快地带领读者入门。</p>
|
||
<p>引入一些生活案例或趣味内容，非常适合作为知识点的引子或者解释的补充，但当融入过多额外元素时，内容会稍显冗长，也许反而使读者容易迷失、抓不住重点，这也是本书需要避免的。</p>
|
||
<p>敲代码如同写字，“美” 是统一的追求。本书力求美观的代码，保证规范的变量命名、统一的空格与换行、对齐的缩进、整齐的注释等。</p>
|
||
</details>
|
||
<h2 id="_10">致谢<a class="headerlink" href="#_10" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>本书的成书过程中，我获得了许多人的帮助，包括但不限于：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>感谢我的女朋友泡泡担任本书的首位读者，从算法小白的视角为本书的写作提出了许多建议，使这本书更加适合算法初学者来阅读。</li>
|
||
<li>感谢腾宝、琦宝、飞宝为本书起了个响当当的名字，好听又有梗，直接唤起我最初敲下第一行代码 "Hello, World!" 的回忆。</li>
|
||
<li>感谢我的导师李博，在小酌畅谈时您告诉我 “觉得适合、想做就去做” ，坚定了我写这本书的决心。</li>
|
||
<li>感谢苏潼为本书设计了封面和 LOGO ，我有些强迫症，前后多次修改，谢谢你的耐心。</li>
|
||
<li>感谢 @squidfunk ，包括 <a href="https://github.com/squidfunk/mkdocs-material/tree/master">Material-for-MkDocs</a> 顶级开源项目以及给出的写作排版建议。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>在写作过程中，我阅读了许多与数据结构与算法的书籍材料，学习到了许多知识，感谢前辈们的精彩创作。</p>
|
||
<p>感谢父母，你们一贯的支持与鼓励给了我自由度来做这些有趣的事。</p>
|
||
<h2 id="_11">作者简介<a class="headerlink" href="#_11" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p><img alt="profile" class="center" src="../about_the_book.assets/profile.png" /></p>
|
||
<h2 align="center"> Krahets </h2>
|
||
|
||
<h5 align="center"> 大厂高级算法工程师、算法爱好者 </h5>
|
||
|
||
<p align="center"> 力扣（LeetCode）全网阅读量最高博主 </p>
|
||
<p align="center"> 分享近百道算法题解，累积回复数千读者的评论问题 </p>
|
||
<p align="center"> 创作 LeetBook《图解算法数据结构》，已免费售出 22 万本 </p>
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