hello-algo/codes/java/chapter_tree/avl_tree.java
2022-12-10 20:46:47 +08:00

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/*
* File: avl_tree.java
* Created Time: 2022-12-10
* Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
*/
package chapter_tree;
import include.*;
// Tree class
class AVLTree {
TreeNode root; // 根节点
/* 获取结点高度 */
public int height(TreeNode node) {
// 空结点高度为 -1 ,叶结点高度为 0
return node == null ? -1 : node.height;
}
/* 更新结点高度 */
private void updateHeight(TreeNode node) {
node.height = Math.max(height(node.left), height(node.right)) + 1;
}
/* 获取平衡因子 */
public int balanceFactor(TreeNode node) {
if (node == null)
return 0;
return height(node.left) - height(node.right);
}
/* 右旋操作 */
private TreeNode rightRotate(TreeNode node) {
TreeNode child = node.left;
TreeNode grandChild = child.right;
child.right = node;
node.left = grandChild;
updateHeight(node);
updateHeight(child);
return child;
}
/* 左旋操作 */
private TreeNode leftRotate(TreeNode node) {
TreeNode child = node.right;
TreeNode grandChild = child.left;
child.left = node;
node.right = grandChild;
updateHeight(node);
updateHeight(child);
return child;
}
/* 执行旋转操作,使该子树重新恢复平衡 */
private TreeNode rotate(TreeNode node) {
int balanceFactor = balanceFactor(node);
// 根据失衡情况分为四种操作:右旋、左旋、先左后右、先右后左
if (balanceFactor > 1) {
if (balanceFactor(node.left) >= 0) {
// 右旋
return rightRotate(node);
} else {
// 先左旋后右旋
node.left = leftRotate(node.left);
return rightRotate(node);
}
}
if (balanceFactor < -1) {
if (balanceFactor(node.right) <= 0) {
// 左旋
return leftRotate(node);
} else {
// 先右旋后左旋
node.right = rightRotate(node.right);
return leftRotate(node);
}
}
return node;
}
/* 插入结点 */
public TreeNode insert(int val) {
root = insertHelper(root, val);
return root;
}
/* 递归插入结点 */
private TreeNode insertHelper(TreeNode node, int val) {
// 1. 查找插入位置,并插入结点
if (node == null)
return new TreeNode(val);
if (val < node.val)
node.left = insertHelper(node.left, val);
else if (val > node.val)
node.right = insertHelper(node.right, val);
else
return node; // 重复结点则直接返回
// 2. 更新结点高度
updateHeight(node);
// 3. 执行旋转操作,使该子树重新恢复平衡
node = rotate(node);
// 返回该子树的根节点
return node;
}
/* 删除结点 */
public TreeNode remove(int val) {
root = removeHelper(root, val);
return root;
}
/* 递归删除结点 */
private TreeNode removeHelper(TreeNode node, int val) {
// 1. 查找结点,并删除之
if (node == null)
return null;
if (val < node.val)
node.left = removeHelper(node.left, val);
else if (val > node.val)
node.right = removeHelper(node.right, val);
else {
if (node.left == null || node.right == null) {
TreeNode child = node.left != null ? node.left : node.right;
// 子结点数量 = 0 ,直接删除 node 并返回
if (child == null)
return null;
// 子结点数量 = 1 ,直接删除 node
else
node = child;
} else {
// 子结点数量 = 2 ,则将中序遍历的下个结点删除,并用该结点替换当前结点
TreeNode temp = minNode(node.right);
node.right = removeHelper(node.right, temp.val);
node.val = temp.val;
}
}
// 2. 更新结点高度
updateHeight(node);
// 3. 执行旋转操作,使该子树重新恢复平衡
node = rotate(node);
// 返回该子树的根节点
return node;
}
/* 获取最小结点 */
private TreeNode minNode(TreeNode node) {
if (node == null) return node;
// 循环访问左子结点,直到叶结点时为最小结点,跳出
while (node.left != null) {
node = node.left;
}
return node;
}
/* 查找结点 */
public TreeNode search(int val) {
TreeNode cur = root;
// 循环查找,越过叶结点后跳出
while (cur != null) {
// 目标结点在 root 的右子树中
if (cur.val < val) cur = cur.right;
// 目标结点在 root 的左子树中
else if (cur.val > val) cur = cur.left;
// 找到目标结点,跳出循环
else break;
}
// 返回目标结点
return cur;
}
}
public class avl_tree {
static void testInsert(AVLTree tree, int val) {
tree.insert(val);
System.out.println("\n插入结点 " + val + "AVL 树为");
PrintUtil.printTree(tree.root);
}
static void testRemove(AVLTree tree, int val) {
tree.remove(val);
System.out.println("\n删除结点 " + val + "AVL 树为");
PrintUtil.printTree(tree.root);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
/* 初始化空 AVL 树 */
AVLTree avlTree = new AVLTree();
/* 插入结点 */
// 请关注插入结点后AVL 树是如何保持平衡的
testInsert(avlTree, 1);
testInsert(avlTree, 2);
testInsert(avlTree, 3);
testInsert(avlTree, 4);
testInsert(avlTree, 5);
testInsert(avlTree, 8);
testInsert(avlTree, 7);
testInsert(avlTree, 9);
testInsert(avlTree, 10);
testInsert(avlTree, 6);
/* 插入重复结点 */
testInsert(avlTree, 7);
/* 删除结点 */
// 请关注删除结点后AVL 树是如何保持平衡的
testRemove(avlTree, 8); // 删除度为 0 的结点
testRemove(avlTree, 5); // 删除度为 1 的结点
testRemove(avlTree, 4); // 删除度为 2 的结点
/* 查询结点 */
TreeNode node = avlTree.search(7);
System.out.println("\n查找到的结点对象为 " + node + ",结点值 = " + node.val);
}
}