algorithm-base/animation-simulation/数组篇/leetcode54螺旋矩阵.md
2021-07-29 02:33:38 +00:00

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#### [54. 螺旋矩阵](https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/spiral-matrix/)
题目描述
_给定一个包含 m_ x n 个元素的矩阵m , n 请按照顺时针螺旋顺序返回矩阵中的所有元素
示例一
> 输入matrix = [[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]]
> 输出[1,2,3,6,9,8,7,4,5]
示例二
> 输入matrix = [[1,2,3,4],[5,6,7,8],[9,10,11,12]]
> 输出[1,2,3,4,8,12,11,10,9,5,6,7]
这个题目很细非常细思路很容易想到但是要是完全实现也不是特别容易我们一起分析下这个题目我们可以这样理解我们像剥洋葱似的一步步的剥掉外皮直到遍历结束见下图
![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/cfa0192601dcc185e77125adc35e1cc5.png)\*
题目很容易理解但是要想完全执行出来也是不容易的因为这里面的细节太多了我们需要认真仔细的考虑边界
我们也要考虑重复遍历的情况即什么时候跳出循环刚才我们通过箭头知道了我们元素的遍历顺序这个题目也就完成了一大半了下面我们来讨论一下什么时候跳出循环见下图
这里需要注意的是框框代表的是每个边界
![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210318095839543.gif)
题目代码
Java Code:
```java
class Solution {
public List<Integer> spiralOrder(int[][] matrix) {
List<Integer> arr = new ArrayList<>();
int left = 0, right = matrix[0].length-1;
int top = 0, down = matrix.length-1;
while (true) {
for (int i = left; i <= right; ++i) {
arr.add(matrix[top][i]);
}
top++;
if (top > down) break;
for (int i = top; i <= down; ++i) {
arr.add(matrix[i][right]);
}
right--;
if (left > right) break;
for (int i = right; i >= left; --i) {
arr.add(matrix[down][i]);
}
down--;
if (top > down) break;
for (int i = down; i >= top; --i) {
arr.add(matrix[i][left]);
}
left++;
if (left > right) break;
}
return arr;
}
}
```
C++ Code:
```cpp
class Solution {
public:
vector<int> spiralOrder(vector<vector<int>>& matrix) {
vector <int> arr;
int left = 0, right = matrix[0].size()-1;
int top = 0, down = matrix.size()-1;
while (true) {
for (int i = left; i <= right; ++i) {
arr.emplace_back(matrix[top][i]);
}
top++;
if (top > down) break;
for (int i = top; i <= down; ++i) {
arr.emplace_back(matrix[i][right]);
}
right--;
if (left > right) break;
for (int i = right; i >= left; --i) {
arr.emplace_back(matrix[down][i]);
}
down--;
if (top > down) break;
for (int i = down; i >= top; --i) {
arr.emplace_back(matrix[i][left]);
}
left++;
if (left > right) break;
}
return arr;
}
};
```
Python3 Code:
```python
from typing import List
class Solution:
def spiralOrder(self, matrix: List[List[int]])->List[int]:
arr = []
left = 0
right = len(matrix[0]) - 1
top = 0
down = len(matrix) - 1
while True:
for i in range(left, right + 1):
arr.append(matrix[top][i])
top += 1
if top > down:
break
for i in range(top, down + 1):
arr.append(matrix[i][right])
right -= 1
if left > right:
break
for i in range(right, left - 1, -1):
arr.append(matrix[down][i])
down -= 1
if top > down:
break
for i in range(down, top - 1, -1):
arr.append(matrix[i][left])
left += 1
if left > right:
break
return arr
```
Swift Code
```swift
class Solution {
func spiralOrder(_ matrix: [[Int]]) -> [Int] {
var arr:[Int] = []
var left = 0, right = matrix[0].count - 1
var top = 0, down = matrix.count - 1
while (true) {
for i in left...right {
arr.append(matrix[top][i])
}
top += 1
if top > down { break }
for i in top...down {
arr.append(matrix[i][right])
}
right -= 1
if left > right { break}
for i in stride(from: right, through: left, by: -1) {
arr.append(matrix[down][i])
}
down -= 1
if top > down { break}
for i in stride(from: down, through: top, by: -1) {
arr.append(matrix[i][left])
}
left += 1
if left > right { break}
}
return arr
}
}
```
Go Code:
```go
func spiralOrder(matrix [][]int) []int {
res := []int{}
left, right := 0, len(matrix[0]) - 1
top, down := 0, len(matrix) - 1
for {
for i := left; i <= right; i++ {
res = append(res, matrix[top][i])
}
top++
if top > down { break }
for i := top; i <= down; i++ {
res = append(res, matrix[i][right])
}
right--
if left > right { break }
for i := right; i >= left; i-- {
res = append(res, matrix[down][i])
}
down--
if top > down { break }
for i := down; i >= top; i-- {
res = append(res, matrix[i][left])
}
left++
if left > right { break }
}
return res
}
```