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183 lines
5.7 KiB
Java
183 lines
5.7 KiB
Java
之前给大家介绍了二叉树的[前序遍历](),[中序遍历]()的迭代法和 Morris 方法,今天咱们来说一下二叉后序遍历的迭代法及 Morris 方法。
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注:阅读该文章前,建议各位先阅读之前的三篇文章,对该文章的理解有很大帮助。
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## Morris
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后序遍历的 Morris 方法也比之前两种代码稍微长一些,看着挺唬人,其实不难,和我们之前说的没差多少。下面我们一起来干掉它吧。
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我们先来复习下之前说过的[中序遍历](),见下图。
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![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210622155624486.gif)
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另外我们来对比下,中序遍历和后序遍历的 Morris 方法,代码有哪里不同。
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![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210622142148928.png)
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由上图可知,仅仅有三处不同,后序遍历里少了 `list.add()`,多了一个函数` postMorris() ` ,那后序遍历的 list.add() 肯定是在 postMorris 函数中的。所以我们搞懂了 postMorris 函数,也就搞懂了后序遍历的 Morris 方法(默认大家看了之前的文章,没有看过的同学,可以点击文首的链接)
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下面我们一起来剖析下 postMorris 函数.代码如下
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```java
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public void postMorris(TreeNode root) {
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//反转转链表,详情看下方图片
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TreeNode reverseNode = reverseList(root);
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//遍历链表
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TreeNode cur = reverseNode;
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while (cur != null) {
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list.add(cur.val);
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cur = cur.right;
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}
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//反转回来
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reverseList(reverseNode);
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}
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//反转链表
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public TreeNode reverseList(TreeNode head) {
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TreeNode cur = head;
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TreeNode pre = null;
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while (cur != null) {
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TreeNode next = cur.right;
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cur.right = pre;
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pre = cur;
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cur = next;
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}
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return pre;
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}
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```
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上面的代码,是不是贼熟悉,和我们的倒序输出链表一致,步骤为,反转链表,遍历链表,将链表反转回原样。只不过我们将 ListNode.next 写成了 TreeNode.right 将树中的遍历右子节点的路线,看成了一个链表,见下图。
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![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210622145335283.png)
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上图中的一个绿色虚线,代表一个链表,我们根据序号进行倒序遍历,看下是什么情况
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![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210622145805876.png)
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![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210622145846117.png)
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到这块是不是就整懂啦,打完收工!
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```java
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class Solution {
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List<Integer> list;
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public List<Integer> postorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {
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list = new ArrayList<>();
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if (root == null) {
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return list;
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}
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TreeNode p1 = root;
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TreeNode p2 = null;
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while (p1 != null) {
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p2 = p1.left;
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if (p2 != null) {
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while (p2.right != null && p2.right != p1) {
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p2 = p2.right;
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}
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if (p2.right == null) {
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p2.right = p1;
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p1 = p1.left;
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continue;
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} else {
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p2.right = null;
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postMorris(p1.left);
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}
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}
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p1 = p1.right;
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}
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//以根节点为起点的链表
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postMorris(root);
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return list;
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}
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public void postMorris(TreeNode root) {
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//翻转链表
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TreeNode reverseNode = reverseList(root);
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//从后往前遍历
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TreeNode cur = reverseNode;
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while (cur != null) {
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list.add(cur.val);
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cur = cur.right;
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}
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//翻转回来
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reverseList(reverseNode);
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}
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public TreeNode reverseList(TreeNode head) {
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TreeNode cur = head;
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TreeNode pre = null;
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while (cur != null) {
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TreeNode next = cur.right;
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cur.right = pre;
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pre = cur;
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cur = next;
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}
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return pre;
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}
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}
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```
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Swift Code:
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```swift
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class Solution {
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var list:[Int] = []
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func postorderTraversal(_ root: TreeNode?) -> [Int] {
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guard root != nil else {
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return list
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}
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var p1 = root, p2: TreeNode?
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while p1 != nil {
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p2 = p1!.left
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if p2 != nil {
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while p2!.right != nil && p2!.right !== p1 {
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p2 = p2!.right
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}
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if p2!.right == nil {
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p2!.right = p1
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p1 = p1!.left
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continue
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} else {
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p2!.right = nil
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postMorris(p1!.left)
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}
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}
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p1 = p1!.right
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}
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//以根节点为起点的链表
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postMorris(root!)
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return list
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}
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func postMorris(_ root: TreeNode?) {
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let reverseNode = reverseList(root)
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//从后往前遍历
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var cur = reverseNode
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while cur != nil {
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list.append(cur!.val)
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cur = cur!.right
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}
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reverseList(reverseNode)
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}
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func reverseList(_ head: TreeNode?) -> TreeNode? {
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var cur = head, pre: TreeNode?
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while cur != nil {
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let next = cur?.right
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cur?.right = pre
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pre = cur
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cur = next
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}
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return pre
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}
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}
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```
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时间复杂度 O(n)空间复杂度 O(1)
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总结:后序遍历比起前序和中序稍微复杂了一些,所以我们解题的时候,需要好好注意一下,迭代法的核心是利用一个指针来定位我们上一个遍历的节点,Morris 的核心是,将某节点的右子节点,看成是一条链表,进行反向遍历。
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好啦,今天就唠到这吧,拜了个拜。
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